Bu çalışma Biyomalzemelere ve Biyomekanik için Minnesota Diş Araştırma Merkezi (MDRCBB) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Not: Malzeme Listesi&#39;nde yer gibi, Z100, Z250 ve LS: Üç diş reçine kompozit cam boşluklar kullanılarak çalışıldı. Bunlar arasında, LS Z250 ve Z100 (~ sırasıyla% 2 ve ~% 2.5) 18-19 çok daha düşük yaklaşık% 1.0 kadar bir hacimsel büzülme ile düşük çekme reçine bileşik, olduğu bilinmektedir. Ekipman ve bu çalışmada kullanılan diğer malzemeler de Malzeme listesi verilmiştir. 1.. Model Boşluk Hazırlık <ol><li> Düşük devirli elmas testere kullanılarak 10 mm uzunluğunda kısa çubuklar içine uzun silindirik cam çubuk, çapı 10 mm, kesin. </li><li> Bir Mesial-Oklüzal-distal (MOD) boşluğu uyarlanmış düşük devirli elmas testere kullanarak her numunede 3 mm (genişlik) x 2 mm (derinlik) ölçümü (Şekil 1) kesin. </li><li> Şekil 1 &#39;de gösterildiği gibi, boyutları, boşluğun uzunluğuna dik düz bir yüzey oluşturmak için her bir silindir numune aşağı parlatmak. Olan düz yüzey fo hassas sağlar:cusing&#39;i ve restorasyon görüntü kalibrasyonu. Bundan sonra, bu gözlem yüzeyi olarak adlandırılır. </li><li> Test edilen üç malzemenin her biri için numuneler üç hazırlayın: Z100, Z250 ve LS; Malzemeler tabloya bakınız. </li></ol> 2.. Boşluk Reçine Kompozit ile Dolum <ol><li> Tüm cam kavite yüzeyleri Silanize bir fırça ile Seramik Primer ince bir tabaka uygulayın. Bu durum, cam yüzeyleri ve reçine kompozit arasındaki bağ sağlar. </li><li> Yaklaşık 1 dakika sonra, daha ince bir yapışkan tabaka uygulanır. Kompozit Z100 ve Z250 için kompozit LS ve Adper Single Bond Plus LS Yapıştırıcı sistemi kullanın. </li><li> Bir sertleştirme ışık ve süresi, üreticinin talimatlarına göre (10-20 saniye) (Malzemeler tablo) ile yapıştırıcı Cure. </li><li> Şekil 2&#39;de gösterildiği gibi, gözlem yüzeyi haricinde siyah bant ile restorasyon çevresindeki tüm cam yüzeyleri örtün. Amacı sertleştirme ışık ulaşmasını engellemek için olangerçek dişlerin olmaz çevreleyen saydam cam, kompozit reçine ile. </li><li> Reçine kompozit ile boşluğu toplu doldurun ve tüm yüzeyleri düzleştirmek için herhangi bir aşırı kazıyın. </li></ol> 3.. Yüzey Boyama <ol><li> Şimdi reçine kompozit bir kısmını içeren gözlem yüzeyi üzerine beyaz boya ince bir tabaka püskürtün. </li><li> Yüksek kontrastlı benekler oluşturmak için boya üzerine hemen bazı siyah ince kömür tozu serpin. Beneklerin düzensiz şekiller onları tanımlamak ve onların hareketlerini izlemek için DIC yazılım yardımcı olacaktır. </li></ol> 4. Örnek Montaj, Kür ve çekmeler <ol><li> Şekil 2&#39;ye referansla, tutucu (C) bir numune (E) yer ve bir vida (D) ile sıkın. Daha sonra büyük bir yatay kirişin ucuna da bütün koyun. </li><li> Bunlar GÖZLEM karşıya şekilde aynı kirişin üzerine bir CCD kamera ve san bir LED ışığı aydınlatma elde edinn Yüzey. </li><li> Ayarlanabilir kelepçeli bir stand kullanarak, ucu numune üzerinde yaklaşık 1 mm olduğu şekilde sertleştirme ışığı yerleştirin. </li><li> Sertleştirme öncesi referans resmi sağlamak için örnek bir resim çekin. </li><li> 20 saniye için reçine bileşik Cure. </li><li> Kuruduktan sonra 5 dakika başka bir resim çekin. </li><li> Gözlem yüzeyi olarak aynı pozisyonda bir kalibrasyon blok koyun ve bir resim çekin. Kalibrasyon blok boyutu ve kesin olarak bilinen aralığı ile dairesel nokta bir dizi içerir. </li></ol> DIC Yazılımı ile 5. Görüntü Analizi <ol><li> Her bir numune, bir önce ve DIC yazılım içine Kuruduktan sonra biri için çekilen iki fotoğraf aktarın. </li><li> Görüntülerin boyutları kalibre ve kalibrasyon bloğun görüntü kullanılarak görüntü tahrifata karşı düzeltmek. . </li><li> Analizi için gözlem yüzeyinin içinde ilgi alanını tanımlayın. </li><li> 64 x 64 piksel olarak kare alt kümesi pencerelerin boyutunu tanımlayınilk yineleme ve ikinci tekrarında 20 için 32 x 32 piksel. % 50 gibi bir örtüşme tanımlayın. </li><li> Deplasman ve gerilme dağılımları hesaplamak için kür önce alınan referans görüntü ile kür sonra alınan görüntüyü ilişkili. </li></ol>

<ol>
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Yazarlar, hiçbir rakip mali çıkarlarını olmadığını beyan ederim.

Büzülme ölçüm için aynı şekil ve boyutlara sahip cam boşlukların kullanılması nedeniyle boyut, anatomi ve doğal insan diş malzeme özelliklerindeki farklılıklara sonuçlarında varyasyonu en aza indirmek için. Buna ek olarak, bu çalışmada kullanılan erimiş silis camı kadar mekanik davranış 21-22 ile ilgili olarak, doğal diş için uygun benzer bir malzeme haline getiren, emaye benzer bir Young modülüne sahiptir. Gerçek diş restorasyonlarda, reçine kompozit çoğunlukla yerine mi...

Reçine kompozitler yaygın, çünkü onların üstün estetik ve kullanım özelliklerinin restoratif diş hekimliğinde kullanılır. Ancak, diş dokulara bağlı olmasına rağmen, reçine kompozit polimerizasyon büzülmesi geliştirilen büzülme stres diş-restorasyon arayüzü 1 -2 at bağ açma neden olabileceğinden, bir klinik sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bakteriler işgal ve ikamet başarısız alanlarda ve ikincil çürük neden olabilir. Restorasyon de dişe bağlı olduğu takdirde, diğer yandan, çekme gerilme diş dokularında çatlaklara neden olabilir. Bu başarısızlık ya termik ve mekanik yükleme döngüleri çok sayıda tabi olacağı diş restorasyon ömrünü, tehlikeye atacaktır. Polimerizasyon büzülmesi gerginlik ve stres ölçümü böylece diş reçine kompozit 3-4 geliştirilmesi ve değerlendirilmesinde vazgeçilmez hale gelmiştir </sup&gt;. Çeşitli ölçüm teknikleri veya yöntemler güvenilir bir reçine kompozit malzemelerin çekme davranışını ölçmek için basit bir kurulum sağlamak amacı ile 5-11 geliştirilmiştir. Sağladıkları ölçümleri farklı malzemelerin çekme davranışlarını karşılaştırmak için yeterli olsa da, onlar büzülme stres gerçek restore dişleri gelişir nerede ve nasıl anlaşılması yardımcı yoktur. Özellikle, büyük ilgi bir soru kavite duvarları dental restorasyonlarda 12 büzülme stres yaratılmasına kompozit ve potansiyel büzülme sınırlamak nasıl. Çekme stres, reçine kompozit büzülme suşunun kısmını oluşturmak için, dikkat edin çekme elastik gerilme çevrilmek zorundadır. Restorasyonunda suşun bu bileşen ölçülebilir Bu nedenle, eğer yararlı olacaktır. Son zamanlarda, optik tam alan bir deformasyon ölçüm tekniği, Dijital Görüntü korelasyon (DIC), serbest shrinka ölçümünde uygulanmıştırdental restorasyonlarda 13-15 reçine kompozit ge yanı sıra malzeme akışı. DIC temel fikri o yüzeyin üzerinde deplasman ve gerilme alanları tespit edilebilir sayede onun deformasyon sırasında alınan sıralı görüntülerden numune yüzeyinde görünür desenleri izlemek ve ilişkilendirmek için. Tam ölçüm alanı düzgün olmayan deformasyon ve gerilme kalıpları 13 gözlem özellikle yararlıdır DIC yöntemi, en önemli avantajlarından biridir. Bu çalışmada, DIC çekme stres gelişimini anlamak ve bağ açılması için potansiyel alanlar belirlenmesi amacı ile, dental reçine kompozit dolgu olarak gerilme desen ortaya çıkarmak için kullanıldı. Bu bilgiler nedeniyle sadece polimerizasyon büzülmesine restorasyon deplasman ölçülen 14-15 yukarıda anılan eserler, doğrudan mevcut değildir. Ölçüm kopya girişimi olarak mesial-okluzal-distal (MOD) diş boşlukları ile diş simüle modelleri kullanılarak yapıldıGerçek dental restorasyonlarda stres ya da gerginlik te. Gerçek diş kullanımı daha anatomik temsili da, bu dezavantajı sonuçlarında büyük varyasyonları neden anatomi, mekanik özellikleri, hidrasyon derecesi hem de görünmez iç kusurlar 14 diş arasında önemli doğal farklılıklardır. Böyle bir sorunu çözmek için, bazı çalışmalar bukkal ebatları 16 açısından gruplandırarak ya da bir taşıyıcı malzeme 17 modelleri ile tamamen dişleri ile ikame diş örnekleri standart çalıştık. Örneğin, (sırası ile, 69 ve 83 GPa) mineye benzer bir Young modülüne sahip alüminyum modeller uç saptırma 17 ile belirtilmiştir çekme stres düzeyi, çekme gerilme ölçümünde kullanılmıştır. Malzeme aynı zamanda şeffaf olduğu gibi, benzer bir Young modülüne (63 GPa), insan emaye zorundadır ve bu nedenle çalışmada, silis cam modelleri (boşluklar) yerine kullanılmıştırent, numunelerde herhangi bir bağ açıcı veya çatlama kolayca görülebilir.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="790">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:191px;">Dental composite Z100</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N362979</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">volume shrinkage ~ 2.5%, Young&#39;s modulus ~ 14 GPa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:191px;">Dental composite Z250</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N326080</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">volume shrinkage ~ 2.0%, Young&#39;s modulus ~ 11 GPa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:191px;">Dental composite LS</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N240313</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">volume shrinkage ~ 1%, Young&#39;s modulus ~ 10 GPa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ceramic Primer</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N167818</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Rely X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">LS System Adhesive</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N391675</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Adhesive for compoiste LS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Adper Single Bond Plus</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">501757</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Adhesive for compoiste Z100 and Z250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glass rod&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning Inc.</td>
			<td>&#160;Pyrex 7740 borosilicate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:191px;">Curing light&#160;</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td>Elipar S10&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:191px;">White paint&#160;</td>
			<td>Krylon Product Group</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Indoor/Outdoor, Flat white</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:191px;">Charcoal powder&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Co.</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">BCBH6518V</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Fluka activated charcoal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CCD camera&#160;</td>
			<td>Point Grey Research, Inc.</td>
			<td>Point Grey Gras-20S4C-C</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

shrinkage of dental composite in simulated cavity measured with digital image correlation

Dental reçine kompozit polimerizasyon büzülme kompozit-restore dişlerin restorasyon sıyrılma veya kırık diş dokularına yol açabilir. Nerede ve nasıl büzülme ve stres gibi anlaşılması restore diş geliştirmek amacıyla, Dijital Görüntü Korelasyonu (DIC) polimerizasyon büzülmesine geçirmiş modeli restorasyonlar içinde yer değiştirme ve gerilme dağılımları kapsamlı bir görünümünü sağlamak için kullanıldı. Model boşlukları olan Örnekler, çap ve uzunluk 10 mm olan silindirik cam çubuklar imal edilmiştir. Her bir örnekte hazırlanan meziyal-okluzal-distal (MOD) boşluğun boyutları sırasıyla genişliği ve derinliği 3 mm ve 2 mm olarak ölçüldü. Reçine kompozit ile boşluğu doldurduktan sonra, gözlem altında yüzeyi beyaz boya ilk ince bir tabaka ve yüksek kontrastlı benekler ardından oluşturmak için ince siyah kömür tozu ile püskürtülmüştür. Bu yüzeyin Resimlerde daha sonra sertleştirme ve sonra 5 dakika önce alınmıştır. Finally, iki resim deplasman ve gerilme dağılımları hesaplamak için DIC yazılımı kullanılarak korelasyon. Reçine kompozit restorasyon en aşağı doğru yer değiştirmeye sahip bir üst orta kısmı ile boşluğun alt kısmına doğru dikey olarak azaldı. Aynı zamanda, kendi dikey orta çizgisine doğru yatay olarak azaldı. Kompozitin büzülme restorasyonu etrafında cuspal sapması ve yüksek çekme gücü ile sonuçlanan &quot;diş restorasyonu&quot; arayüzü yakın gerilmiş malzeme. Kavite duvar veya zemine yakın malzemesi çoğunlukla arayüzleri dik yönde doğrudan suşları vardı. İki direkt gerilme bileşenleri toplamı restorasyonu etrafında nispeten eşit bir dağılıma sahip olduğunu göstermiştir ve büyüklüğü, malzemenin hacimsel büzülme yaklaşık eşit olmuştur.

Üç örnek, her malzeme için test edildi. Gerekirse her testten sonra, numune bir mikroskop kullanarak, gözlerinden muayene veya edildi. &quot;Diş-restorasyon&quot; arayüzü veya çatlama hiçbir belirgin debonding bulundu. Resim çözünürlüğü 5.8 mm piksel boyutu 1.600 x 1.180 piksel oldu. 32 piksel bir alt pencere boyutu ile, deplasman dağılımlarının uzaysal çözünürlüğü etrafında 186 mm oldu. Şekil 3, Z250 ile yapılan b...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation at JoVE.com

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Dental reçine kompozit restorasyonlarda polimerizasyon büzülmesi stres mekansal gelişimini anlamak için, Dijital Görüntü Korelasyon polimerizasyon öncesinde ve sonrasında alınan restorasyon görüntüleri ilişkilendirerek tarafından restore modeli cam boşlukları tam saha deplasman / gerilme ölçümü sağlamak için kullanılmıştır.

Simüle Kâzım Diş Kompozit büzülme Dijital Görüntü Korelasyon ile Ölçülen

Polymerization shrinkage of dental resin composites can lead to restoration debonding or cracked tooth tissues in composite-restored teeth. In order to ...

shrinkage-dental-composite-simulated-cavity-measured-with-digital

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.4K Görüntüleme.  University of Minnesota.  Dental reçine kompozit restorasyonlarda polimerizasyon büzülmesi stres mekansal gelişimini anlamak için, Dijital Görüntü Korelasyon polimerizasyon öncesinde ve sonrasında alınan restorasyon görüntüleri ilişkilendirerek tarafından restore modeli cam boşlukları tam saha deplasman / gerilme ölçümü sağlamak için kullanılmıştır. 

Video: Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Stem Cell Transplantation in an in vitro Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Model

Stem cell transplantation protocols are finding their way into clinical practice1,2,3. Getting better results, making the protocols more robust, and finding new sources for implantable cells are the focus of recent research4,5. Investigating the effectiveness of cell therapies is not an easy task and new tools are needed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the treatment process6. We designed an experimental protocol of ischemia/reperfusion in order to allow the observation of cellular connections and even subcellular mechanisms during ischemia/reperfusion injury and after stem cell transplantation and to evaluate the efficacy of cell therapy. H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells were placed onto cell culture plates7,8. Ischemia was simulated with 150 minutes in a glucose free medium with oxygen level below 0.5%. Then, normal media and oxygen levels were reintroduced to simulate reperfusion. After oxygen glucose deprivation, the damaged cells were treated with transplantation of labeled human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells by adding them to the culture. Mesenchymal stem cells are preferred in clinical trials because they are easily accessible with minimal invasive surgery, easily expandable and autologous. After 24 hours of co-cultivation, cells were stained with calcein and ethidium-homodimer to differentiate between live and dead cells. This setup allowed us to investigate the intercellular connections using confocal fluorescent microscopy and to quantify the survival rate of postischemic cells by flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy showed the interactions of the two cell populations such as cell fusion and formation of intercellular nanotubes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed 3 clusters of damaged cells which can be plotted on a graph and analyzed statistically. These populations can be investigated separately and conclusions can be drawn on these data on the effectiveness of the simulated therapeutical approach.

Stem Cell Transplantation in an in vitro Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Model

We demonstrate how to set up an in vitro ischemia/reperfusion model and how to evaluate the effect of stem cell therapy on postischemic cardiac cells.

Bir Kök Hücre Nakli In vitro Simüle İskemi / Reperfüzyon Modeli

Stem cell transplantation protocols are finding their way into clinical practice1,2,3. Getting better results, making the protocols more robust, and ...

Tıp

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and translational research in the field of transplantation medicine. A vast array of reagents is available exclusively in this setting, including mono- and polyclonal antibodies for both diagnostic and interventional applications. In addition, a vast number of genotyped, inbred, transgenic, and knock out strains allow detailed investigation of the individual contributions of humoral and cellular components to the complex interplay of an immune response and make the mouse the gold standard for immunological research. 
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) delineates a novel field of transplantation using allografts to replace "like with like" in patients suffering traumatic or congenital tissue loss. This surgical methodological protocol shows the use of a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. The model specifically allows for comparison between established paradigms in solid organ transplantation with a novel form of transplants consisting of various different tissue components. Uniquely, this model allows for the transplantation of a viable vascularized bone marrow compartment and niche that have the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the balance of immune acceptance and rejection. This technique provides a tool to investigate alloantigen recognition and allograft rejection and acceptance, as well as enables the pursuit of functional nerve regeneration studies to further advance this novel field of transplantation.

This novel model for orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse, applying a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis, provides a powerful tool for in&#160;vivo mechanistic immunological research related to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).

Fare Ortotopik Hind Ekstremite nakli

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and ...

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Recent genome-wide association studies targeting atrial fibrillation (AF) have indicated a strong association between the genotype and electrophysiological phenotype in the atria. That encourages us to utilize a genetically-engineered mouse model to elucidate the mechanism of AF. However, it is difficult to evaluate the electrophysiological properties in murine atria due to their small size. This protocol describes the electrophysiological evaluation of atria using an optical mapping system with a high temporal and spatial resolution in Langendorff perfused murine hearts. The optical mapping system is assembled with dual high-speed complementary metal oxide semiconductor cameras and high magnification objective lenses, to detect the fluorescence of a voltage-sensitive dye and Ca2+ indicator. To focus on the assessment of murine atria, optical mapping is performed with an area of 2 mm &#215; 2 mm or 10 mm x 10 mm, with a 100 &#215; 100 resolution (20 &#181;m/pixel or 100 &#181;m/pixel) and sampling rate of up to 10 kHz (0.1 ms) at maximum. A 1-French size quadripolar electrode pacing catheter is placed into the right atrium through the superior vena cava avoiding any mechanical damage to the atrium, and pacing stimulation is delivered through the catheter. An electrophysiological study is performed with programmed stimulation including constant pacing, burst pacing, and up to triple extrastimuli pacing. Under a spontaneous or pacing rhythm, the optical mapping recorded the action potential duration, activation map, conduction velocity, and Ca2+ transient individually in the right and left atria. In addition, the programmed stimulation also determines the inducibility of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Precise activation mapping is performed to identify the propagation of the excitation in the atrium during an induced atrial tachyarrhythmia. Optical mapping with a specialized setting enables a thorough electrophysiological evaluation of the atrium in murine pathological models.

This protocol describes the electrophysiological evaluation of murine atria utilizing an optical mapping system with a high temporal and spatial resolution, including dual recordings of the membrane voltage and Ca2+ transient under programmed stimulation through a specialized electrode catheter.

Yüksek çözünürlüklü optik eşleştirmenin fare Atria Elektrofizyolojik değerlendirme

Recent genome-wide association studies targeting atrial fibrillation (AF) have indicated a strong association between the genotype and ...

Contractions of Human-iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte Syncytia Measured with a Ca-sensitive Fluorescent Dye in Temperature-controlled 384-well Plates

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Various methods have been proposed to record this spontaneous activity and to evaluate drug effects, but many of these methods suffer from limited throughput and/or physiological relevance. We developed a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on hiPSC-CM's beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader. We describe how to prepare the cell plates and the compound plates and how to run the automated assay to achieve high sensitivity and reproducibility. We also describe how to transform and analyze the fluorescence data to provide reliable measures of drug effects on spontaneous rhythm. This assay can be used in drug discovery programs to guide chemical optimization away from, or toward, compounds affecting human cardiac function.

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells are useful models of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Here we present a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader.

384-şey plakaları ısı kontrollü bir Ca duyarlı floresan boya ile ölçülen insan IPSC türetilmiş Cardiomyocyte Syncytia kasılmalar

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac ...

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

An increasing amount of evidence shows that cognitive deficits and movement dysfunctions are not separated. Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can manifest fine motor disorders of the upper extremities. Handwriting is a complex and unique human activity involving both motor and cognitive coordination. Researchers from western countries have discovered that patients with MCI have abnormal handwriting features. However, no relevant studies have been conducted in the Chinese population. Owing to the cross-culture phenomenon of handwriting, the aim of this study is to find new handwriting tasks to demonstrate the differences in handwriting features between elderly patients with MCI and age-matched healthy individuals.

This study proposed a digital handwriting analysis of characters in individuals with mild cognitive impairment to find more information than is revealed by traditional pencil&#8211;paper handwriting analysis.

Hafif Bilişsel Bozukluğu Olan Çinli Hastalarda Karakterlerin Dijital El Yazısı Analizi

An increasing amount of evidence shows that cognitive deficits and movement dysfunctions are not separated. Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ...

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Parafoveal circulation of the superficial retinal capillary plexus is usually measured with vessel density, which determines the length of capillaries with circulation, and perfusion density, which calculates the percentage of the evaluated area that has circulation. Perfusion density also considers the circulation of vessels larger than capillaries, although the contribution of these vessels to the first is not usually evaluated. As both measurements are automatically generated by optical coherence tomography angiography devices, this paper proposes a method for estimating the contribution of vessels larger than capillaries by using a coefficient of determination between vessel and perfusion densities. This method can reveal a change in the proportion of perfusion density from vessels larger than capillaries, even when mean values do not differ. This change could reflect compensatory arterial vasodilatation as a response to capillary dropout in the initial stages of retinal vascular diseases before clinical retinopathy appears. The proposed method would allow the estimation of the changes in the composition of perfusion density without the need for other devices.

We describe the evaluation of a coefficient of determination between vessel and perfusion density of the parafoveal superficial capillary plexus to identify the contribution of vessels larger than capillaries to perfusion density.

Optik Koherens Tomografi Anjiyografi ile Ölçülen Maküler Perfüzyon Yoğunluğuna Kılcal ve Diğer Damar Katkılarının Değerlendirilmesi

Parafoveal circulation of the superficial retinal capillary plexus is usually measured with vessel density, which determines the length of capillaries ...

Dynamic Navigation for Dental Implant Placement

In modern implantology, the application of surgical navigation systems is becoming increasingly important. In addition to static surgical navigation methods, a guide-independent dynamic navigation implant placement procedure is becoming more widespread. The procedure is based on computer-guided dental implant placement utilizing optical control. This work aims to demonstrate the technical steps of a new dynamic computer-aided implant surgery (DCAIS)&#160;system (design, calibration, surgery) and check the accuracy of the results. Based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, the exact positions of implants are determined with dedicated software. The first step of the operation is the calibration of the navigation system, which can be performed in two ways: 1) based on CBCT images taken with a marker or 2) based on CBCT images without markers. Implants are inserted with the aid of real-time navigation according to the preoperative plans. The accuracy of the interventions can be evaluated based on postoperative CBCT images. The preoperative images containing the planned positions of the implants and postoperative CBCT images were compared based on the angulation (degree), platform, and apical deviation (mm) of the implants. To evaluate the data, we calculated the standard deviation (SD), mean, and standard error of the mean (SEM) of deviations within planned and performed implant positions. Differences between the two calibration methods were compared based on this data. Based on the interventions performed so far, the use of DCAIS allows for high-precision implant placement. A calibration system that does not require labeled CBCT recording allows for surgical intervention with similar accuracy as a system that uses labeling. The accuracy of the intervention can be improved by training.

Dynamic computer-aided implant surgery (DCAIS) is a controlled implant surgical placement method performed without a surgical template using optical control. The real-time intraoperative control of movement and position of the surgical device simplifies the procedure and gives more freedom to the surgeon, providing similar precision as static navigation methods.

Dental İmplant Yerleşimi için Dinamik Navigasyon

In modern implantology, the application of surgical navigation systems is becoming increasingly important. In addition to static surgical navigation ...

A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography

Contemporary dentistry mandates a more comprehensive and personalized analysis of each patient. Technological advances in digital photography have played vital roles in diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, execution of therapies, and outcome evaluations, including esthetic enhancement. Digital photography also provides an excellent platform for patient education, communication, and co-management of cases with other healthcare providers. However, intra-oral photography often faces challenges such as inaccessibility of areas to be captured, different moveable vs. fixed tissues involved, contamination with saliva or blood, and differing illumination needs on various locations. Thus, a more standardized and systematic approach is proposed for intra- and extra-oral documentation via digital photography to overcome the existing technical challenges. The current work will outline the appropriate equipment specifications (camera bodies, macro lens, and flashes), positions and postures of the operator and patients, proper techniques of tissue retraction, the use of appropriate intra-oral mirrors, and the essential elements such as aperture settings (F-stop), ISO, shutter speed, and white balance. This article aims to provide all dental professionals with an approachable linear array of guidelines to produce simplified and standardized visual tools for more efficient and effective documentation.

The present protocol describes a method to capture intra- and extra-oral photographs for digital documentation in the clinical practice of dentistry. The protocol highlights all the critical components involved and the commonly utilized settings to capture dental photographs for clinical documentation.

Ağız Dışı ve Ağız İçi Dijital Fotoğrafçılığa Standartlaştırılmış Bir Yaklaşım

Contemporary dentistry mandates a more comprehensive and personalized analysis of each patient. Technological advances in digital photography have played ...

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique

The detection and removal of tooth-colored filling materials is a major challenge for every dentist. The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) is a noninvasive tool to facilitate the distinction of composite resin material from sound tooth substance. Compared to conventional illumination, FIT is a very accurate, reliable, and fast diagnostic method. When composite resin is illuminated with a wavelength of approximately 398 &plusmn; 5 nm, certain fluorescent components make the composite resin appear brighter than the tooth structure. Any fluorescence-inducing light source with the appropriate wavelength can be used for this method. Optimally, this technique is used without additional natural or artificial lighting. The application of FIT can be used for diagnostic purposes, for example, dental charts, and additionally for the complete and minimally invasive removal of composite resin restorations, bracket debonding, and trauma splint removal. The assessment of volumetric changes after composite removal can be provided by overlapping pre- and postoperative scans and subsequent calculation using suitable software.

The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique is a practicable, fast, and reliable approach for the differentiation of composite resin restorations from tooth substance, and facilitates the minimally invasive and complete removal of composite resin restorations and composite bonded trauma splints.

Floresan Destekli Tanımlama Tekniği Kullanılarak Diş Rengindeki Kompozit Reçinenin Tespiti ve Uzaklaştırılması

The detection and removal of tooth-colored filling materials is a major challenge for every dentist. The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) ...

Dynamic Navigation in Endodontics: Guided Access Cavity Preparation by Means of a Miniaturized Navigation System

In the case of teeth with pulp canal calcification (PCC) and apical pathology or pulpitis, root canal treatment can be very challenging. PCC are common sequelae of dental trauma but can also occur with stimuli such as caries, bruxism, or after placing a restoration. In order to access the root canal as minimally invasive as possible in case of a necessary root canal treatment, dynamic navigation has recently been introduced in endodontics in addition to static navigation. The use of a dynamic navigation system (DNS) requires pre-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and a digital surface scan. If necessary, reference markers must be placed on the teeth before the CBCT scan; with some systems, these can also be planned and created digitally afterward. By means of a stereo camera connected to the planning software, the drill can now be coordinated with the help of reference markers and virtual planning. As a result, the position of the drill can be displayed on the monitor in real-time during preparation in different planes. In addition, the spatial displacement, the angular deviation, and the depth position are also displayed separately. The few commercially available DNS mostly consist of relatively large camera-marker-systems. Here, the DNS contains miniaturized components: a low-weight camera (97 g) mounted on the micromotor of the electric handpiece utilizing a manufacturer-specific connecting mechanism and a small marker (10 mm x 15 mm), which can be easily attached to an individually manufactured intraoral tray. For research purposes, a post-operative CBCT scan can be matched with the pre-operative one, and the volume of tooth structure removed can be calculated by the software. This work aims to present the technique of guided access cavity preparation by means of a miniaturized navigation system from imaging to clinical implementation.

Dynamic navigation systems (DNS) provide real-time visualization and guidance to the operator during endodontic access cavities preparation. The planning of the procedure requires three-dimensional imaging utilizing cone beam computed tomography and surface scans. After the export of the planning data to the DNS, access cavities can be prepared with minimal invasion.

Endodontide Dinamik Navigasyon: Minyatür Navigasyon Sistemi ile Kılavuzlu Erişim Boşluğu Hazırlığı

In the case of teeth with pulp canal calcification (PCC) and apical pathology or pulpitis, root canal treatment can be very challenging. PCC are common ...