この作品は、韓国国立研究財団（2013R1A1A1061387）とKU-KISTの研究資金によってサポートされていました。

前駆体の調製<ol><li>酸化グラフェン（GO）の調製<ol><li>変更されたハマーの方法14を使用して準備をGO <ol><li>濃H 2の混合物にグラファイトフレークを3.0g加えるSO 3 PO 4 / H 4（360：40 ml）を室温で。 （注：特別な注意は、強酸、H 2 SO 4、H 3 PO 4を使用しながら、注意しなければなりません。） </li><li>ゆっくり攪拌しながらのKMnO 4（18.0 g）を加え、氷浴で冷却し、&lt;35℃で反応混合物の温度を維持します。 （増加した反応時間との粘着性ソリューションは、効率的な攪拌を維持するために適切な方法を使用する必要があります。）（注：特別な注意が発熱反応にのKMnO 4を加えながら、注意しなければなりません。） </li><li> 50℃で12時間撹拌し、次いでRTに冷却し、氷（400 ml）を上に反応混合物を注ぎ、30％H 2 O 2（3 ml）を含有します。 </li><li> Rをフィルタ上清を除去するために、未反応のグラファイトと遠心分離機ろ液（2時間4722 XG速度）を除去するために、金属米国標準テストふるい（300μm）を使用してeaction混合物。 </li><li> 、水200ml、30％塩酸200mlで遠心分離工程を繰り返して200mlのエタノール、および5.0から6.0での溶液の範囲のpHになるまで再び水を蒸留しました。 </li><li>ふわふわGO粉末を製造するための最終的な解決策を凍結乾燥。 </li><li> 、ナノサイズのGOソリューションを作る三重蒸留水（&gt; 18MΩ）40mlにGO粉末20mgを溶解した後、全体のサイズ分布になるまで長時間の超音波処理（35％振幅、500 W、2時間）により剥離するために150nmの下には、沈殿物（未剥離大GOシート）を除去するために、それを2回（10625 XG速度、15分）を遠心します。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li>プラズモニックナノ粒子の作製<ol><li> AuNPsの調製<ol><li>クエン酸で安定化し、球状の金ナノ粒子（AUN30nmの粒子サイズのPS、OD = 1.0）、R-GOの減少のために使用しました。 </li></ol></li><li> AuNRs 15の調製<ol><li> 0.1 M臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウムのHAuCl 4（0.01 M）の0.25 mlおよび9.75 mlの（CTABの混合水溶液のコンへのNaBH 4溶液 （0.01 M）の新たに調製した0.6 mlの氷冷溶液を添加することにより、シード溶液を調製します）。 </li><li> 0.5分間激しく得られた混合物を攪拌し、その後、3時間28℃で保管してください。 </li><li> CTABの475ミリリットル（0.1 M）、 硝酸銀 （0.01 M）の3ミリリットルとのHAuCl 4の20ミリリットル（0.01 M）を混合することによって成長溶液を準備します。 </li><li>その後、新たにHCl水溶液（1.0 M）溶液0.8mlを加え、続いて混合物にアスコルビン酸（0.01 M）3.2 mlで調製加えます。 </li><li>最後のステップでは28で成長溶液に種溶液の3.2ミリリットルを追加します C°と数秒間素早く反転に反応混合物を供します。最後に、KE少なくとも6時間邪魔されず、得られた混合物を、EP。 </li><li> （一般的にλmax及びアスペクト比はそれぞれ730 nmおよび3.5、であることが判明した）UV-可視吸収極大用分光法（λmax）が及びTEM分析を用いて調製AuNRsを分析します。 </li></ol></li><li> AuNSs 16の調製<ol><li> 100mMの濃度の4-（2-ヒドロキシエチル）-1-ピペラジンエタンスルホン酸（HEPES）のストック水溶液を調製し、1.0 M NaOH溶液を加えることによって、25℃でpHを7.4に調整します。 </li><li> 2- [4-（2-ヒドロキシエチル）-1-ピペラジニル]エタンスルホン酸（100ミリモル）の30 mlのリン酸緩衝液（100ミリモル）を20mlを混合します。 </li><li>その後、上記混合物に塩化金（III）三水和物（20ミリモル）の500μlを添加し、水浴中で30分間28.5℃で保ちます。 30分後、淡黄色から緑がかった青に溶液の色の変化を観察することができました。 </li><li> 30分間8928×gでの速度で溶液を遠心分離し、分散させます蒸留水に沈殿します。 </li><li>最後に、それぞれ、740 nmおよび30 nmであることが見出された粒子サイズの確認のための吸収極大（λmax）が、およびTEM分析のためのUV-可視分光法を用いて調製しAuNSs分析。 </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>可視光とAuNPsを使用してR-GOの調製<ol><li> （AuNRs 750 nmでのAbs 1.0、AuNPsのための520 nmでのAbs 1.0、およびABS 1.0それぞれAuNSsための730 nmで、で）プラズモニックナノ粒子の1ミリリットルを追加し、（％w / vの28％）の水酸化アンモニウム100μlに水循環ジャケット付きパイレックスガラス反応器に入れGO溶液10ml（230ナノメートル、0.125ミリグラムmlの-1の OD 1.0）。 </li><li> 25℃の温度を維持し、その後15分間、10625×gでの速度で溶液を遠心分離する水循環ジャケットを介して水の循環で30分間Xeランプ（1.56 W cmのパワー密度-2）との混合物を照射します金ナノ粒子を除去します。 </li><li>含有する上清を取る準備R-GO 200-900ナノメートルの範囲内（270 nmの特徴的な吸収帯を示すべきであるR-GO）UV-可視分光光度計を用いて分析すること。 </li></ol> R-GOソリューションの使用17 3.標的DNAの検出<ol><li>蛍光消光のために、GOまたはGO25μlの（0.125を含むR-GO溶液に10 -6 MのCy3-修正のssDNA（5&#39;-ATC CTT ATC AAT ATT TAA、CAA TAA TCC CTC-Cy3-3 &#39;）の20μlを添加MGは、ML-1）0.3 M PBS溶液（10mMリン酸緩衝液、0.3 M NaCl）での1955μLのR-GO（0.125ミリグラムmlの-1）と室温で10分間インキュベートします。 </li><li>分光蛍光光度計（λexの= 529 nm）のこれらのサンプルの蛍光強度を測定します。 </li><li>ターゲット検出のために、3つの異なる濃度（10 -6 &lt;における標的オリゴヌクレオチド溶液（5&#39;-GAG GGA TTA、TTG TTA AAT ATT GAT AAG GAT- 3 &#39;）の200μlを添加します/ SUP&gt; M、10 -6 MのssDNA-Cy3の20μlの、GOまたはr-GOの25μLを含むGOまたはr-GO溶液中に10 -7 M、10 -8 M）（0.125ミリグラムmlの-1）蛍光回復実験のため、0.3MのPBS、および1755μL。17 注意： 光源＆リアクター 可視光（400から780 nm）のソース。可視光は、キセノンランプ（1.56 W / cm 2の電力）を使用して、GO溶液を含むパイレックスガラス反応器（窓直径= 1.1センチメートル）を介して照射します。反応器に適用される光子のエネルギーは、毎分4.8×10 21光子（ 図2A-2C）と計算されます。 近赤外（NIR）レーザー。 0.36 W / cm 2の出力密度、およびGOの還元反応（ 図2E）のための近赤外光の光源として使用されているナノメートル808の動作波長を有するNIRレーザ（ウィンドウ径= 13.2センチメートル）。光子エネルギーは、毎分2.43×10 21光子と計算されます。 REACTOR：パイレックスガラス反応器（窓直径= 1.1 cmで、反応容量= 10mL）で、水循環ジャケットを備え、可視光および近赤外光の両方に使用されるGOの還元反応（ 図2F）を照射します。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Novoselov, K. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electric+Field+Effect+in+Atomically+Thin+Carbon+Films.">Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films.</a> Science. 306 (5696), 666-669 (2004).</li><li>Obraztsov, A. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+Vapour+Deposition+Making+Graphene+on+a+Large+Scale.">Chemical Vapour Deposition Making Graphene on a Large Scale.</a> Nat Nanotechnol. 4 (4), 212-213 (2009).</li><li>Choi, W., Lahiri, I., Seelaboyina, R., Kang, Y. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+Graphene+and+Its+Applications+A+Review.">Synthesis of Graphene and Its Applications A Review.</a> Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci. 35 (1), 52-71 (2010).</li><li>Zhou, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microstructuring+of+Graphene+Oxide+Nanosheets+Using+Direct+Laser+Writing.">Microstructuring of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Using Direct Laser Writing.</a> Adv Mater. 22 (1), 67-71 (2010).</li><li>Stankovich, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphene+Based+Composite+Materials.">Graphene Based Composite Materials.</a> Nature. 442 (7100), 282-286 (2006).</li><li>Becerril, H. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+Solution-Processed+Reduced+Graphene+Oxide+Films+as+Transparent+Conductors.">Evaluation of Solution-Processed Reduced Graphene Oxide Films as Transparent Conductors.</a> ACS Nano. 2 (3), 463-470 (2008).</li><li>Wang, X., Zhi, L., M&#252;llen, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transparent+Conductive+Graphene+Electrodes+for+Dye+Sensitized+Solar+Cells.">Transparent Conductive Graphene Electrodes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells.</a> Nano Lett. 8 (1), 323-327 (2007).</li><li>Sungjin, P., Ruoff, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+Methods+for+the+Production+of+Graphenes.">Chemical Methods for the Production of Graphenes.</a> Nat Nanotechnol. 4 (4), 217-224 (2009).</li><li>Akhavan, O., Ghaderi, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photocatalytic+Reduction+of+Graphene+Oxide+Nanosheets+on+TiO2+Thin+Film+for+Photoinactivation+of+Bacteria+in+Solar+Light+Irradiation.">Photocatalytic Reduction of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets on TiO2 Thin Film for Photoinactivation of Bacteria in Solar Light Irradiation.</a> J Phys Chem C. 113 (47), 20214-20220 (2009).</li><li>Huang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulsed+Laser+Assisted+Reduction+of+Graphene+Oxide.">Pulsed Laser Assisted Reduction of Graphene Oxide.</a> Carbon. 49 (7), 2431-2436 (2011).</li><li>Cote, L. J., Cruz-Silva, R., Huang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flash+Reduction+and+Patterning+of+Graphite+Oxide+and+Its+Polymer.">Flash Reduction and Patterning of Graphite Oxide and Its Polymer.</a> Composite. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (31), 11027-11032 (2009).</li><li>Wu, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+plasmon+resonance-induced+visible+light+photocatalytic+reduction+of+graphene+oxide:+Using+Ag+nanoparticles+as+a+plasmonic+photocatalyst.">Surface plasmon resonance-induced visible light photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide: Using Ag nanoparticles as a plasmonic photocatalyst.</a> Nanoscale. 3 (5), 2142-2144 (2011).</li><li>Kumar, D., Kaur, S., Lim, D. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasmon-assisted+and+visible-light+induced+graphene+oxide+reduction+and+efficient+fluorescence+quenching.">Plasmon-assisted and visible-light induced graphene oxide reduction and efficient fluorescence quenching.</a> Chem. Commun. 50 (88), 13481-13484 (2014).</li><li>Gilje, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photothermal+Deoxygenation+of+Graphene+Oxide+for+Patterning+and+Distributed+Ignition+Applications.">Photothermal Deoxygenation of Graphene Oxide for Patterning and Distributed Ignition Applications.</a> Adv. Mater. 22 (3), 419-423 (2010).</li><li>Cote, L. J., Kim, F., Huang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Langmuir&#8722;Blodgett+Assembly+of+Graphite+Oxide+Single+Layers.">Langmuir&#8722;Blodgett Assembly of Graphite Oxide Single Layers.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (3), 1043-1049 (2008).</li><li>Ming, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+Evidence+of+Plasmophores:+Plasmon-Directed+Polarized+Emission+from+Gold+Nanorod&#8211;Fluorophore+Hybrid+Nanostructures.">Experimental Evidence of Plasmophores: Plasmon-Directed Polarized Emission from Gold Nanorod&#8211;Fluorophore Hybrid Nanostructures.</a> Nano Lett. 11 (6), 2296-2303 (2011).</li><li>Xie, J., Lee, J. Y., Seedless Wang, D. I. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surfactantless,+High-Yield+Synthesis+of+Branched+Gold+Nanocrystals+in+HEPES+Buffer+Solution.">Surfactantless, High-Yield Synthesis of Branched Gold Nanocrystals in HEPES Buffer Solution.</a> Chem. Mater. 19 (11), 2823-2830 (2007).</li><li>Ferrari, A. C., Robertson, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resonant+Raman+spectroscopy+of+disordered,+amorphous,+and+diamond+like+carbon.">Resonant Raman spectroscopy of disordered, amorphous, and diamond like carbon.</a> Phys. Rev. B. 64 (7), 075414-1-075414-13 (2000).</li><li>Tian, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=One&#8211;pot+green+hydrothermal+synthesis+of+CuO&#8211;Cu2O&#8211;Cu+nanorod&#8211;decorated+reduced+graphene+oxide+composites+and+their+application+in+photocurrent+generation.">One&#8211;pot green hydrothermal synthesis of CuO&#8211;Cu2O&#8211;Cu nanorod&#8211;decorated reduced graphene oxide composites and their application in photocurrent generation.</a> Catal. Sci. Technol. 2 (11), 2227-2230 (2012).</li><li>Liu, S., Tian, J., Wang, L., Sun, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+the+production+of+reduced+graphene+oxide+using+benzylamine+as+a+reducing+and+stabilizing+agent+and+its+subsequent+decoration+with+Ag+nanoparticles+for+enzymeless+hydrogen+peroxide+detection.">A method for the production of reduced graphene oxide using benzylamine as a reducing and stabilizing agent and its subsequent decoration with Ag nanoparticles for enzymeless hydrogen peroxide detection.</a> CARBON. 49 (10), 3158-3164 (2011).</li><li>Tian, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Environmentally+Friendly,+One&#8211;Pot+Synthesis+of+Ag+Nanoparticle+Decorated+Reduced+Graphene+Oxide+Composites+and+Their+Application+to+Photocurrent+Generation.">Environmentally Friendly, One&#8211;Pot Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticle Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites and Their Application to Photocurrent Generation.</a> Inorg. Chem. 51 (8), 4742-4746 (2012).</li><li>Tian, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three&#8211;Dimensional+Porous+Supramolecular+Architecture+from+Ultrathin+gC3N4+Nanosheets+and+Reduced+Graphene+Oxide:+Solution+Self-Assembly+Construction+and+Application+as+a+Highly+Efficient+Metal&#8211;Free+Electrocatalyst+for+Oxygen+Reduction+Reaction.">Three&#8211;Dimensional Porous Supramolecular Architecture from Ultrathin gC3N4 Nanosheets and Reduced Graphene Oxide: Solution Self-Assembly Construction and Application as a Highly Efficient Metal&#8211;Free Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.</a> ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 6 (2), 1011-1017 (2014).</li><li>Liu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable+Aqueous+Dispersion+of+Graphene+Nanosheets:+Noncovalent+Functionalization+by+a+Polymeric+Reducing+Agent+and+Their+Subsequent+Decoration+with+Ag+Nanoparticles+for+Enzymeless+Hydrogen+Peroxide+Detection.">Stable Aqueous Dispersion of Graphene Nanosheets: Noncovalent Functionalization by a Polymeric Reducing Agent and Their Subsequent Decoration with Ag Nanoparticles for Enzymeless Hydrogen Peroxide Detection.</a> Macromolecules. 43 (23), 10078-10083 (2010).</li><li>Li, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photocatalytic+synthesis+of+highly+dispersed+Pd+nanoparticles+on+reduced+graphene+oxide+and+their+application+in+methanol+electro&#8211;oxidation.">Photocatalytic synthesis of highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide and their application in methanol electro&#8211;oxidation.</a> Catal. Sci. Technol. 2 (6), 1153-1156 (2012).</li></ol>

我々は、開示することは何もありません。

金ナノ粒子（AuNPs、AuNSs＆AuNRs）との30分間のGOソリューションへの可視光照射は、光黄褐色から黒色（ 図1）への急速な色の変化を示しました。高収率で高純度のR-GOの製品を得るために、2つの重要な要因があるに従う必要があります。 AuNPsが強く、他の構造（ すなわち 、AuNRs、AuNSs）の間で、可視光を吸収することができるので、一つは、効率的なプラズモニック触媒とし...

<html>最初に開発スコッチテープベースの方法1及び化学気相堆積2は、グラフェンの自然のままの状態を生成するための優れた方法であったが、広い面積を有する表面上の大規模なグラフェンの合成またはグラフェン層の形成はの主要な制限であると見なされてきました以前の方法。大規模なR-GO合成のための可能な解決策の3つが最初に強力な酸化剤との反応を必要とする湿式化学合成法となり、このようなシートをGO生成する超音波処理、及びそのような酸素官能基の最終的削減など広範囲の物理的処理GOのようなヒドロキシ基、エポキシド基とカルボニル基、元の物理的特性を回復するために必要不可欠である。4ほとんど、GOの減少は、化学ヒドラジンを用いる方法、またはその誘導体5のいずれかで、または熱処理方法（550-1,100度行いました不活性または還元性雰囲気中のC）。6 jove_content &quot;&gt;これらのプロセスは、有毒化学物質、R-GO合成のための総エネルギー需要が増加し、長い反応時間および高い温度を必要とする。7このようなUV誘発、8光熱プロセスとしてフォト照射還元プロセスは、パルスキセノンを使用している間フラッシュ、9パルスレーザは、カメラフラッシュライトで10及び光熱加熱アシスト11はまた 、R-GOの調製のために報告されている。UVまたはパルスの使用に伝播光誘導方法の一般的に、低い変換効率可視光および/または近赤外の領域におけるプラズモニックナノ粒子の高い光子エネルギーを提供することができ、レーザー照射。可視光の低い光子エネルギーは、その使用を制限し、R-GOの合成のための多くを魅了していない。優れた光吸収特性を大幅に現在の欠点を改善することができますR-GO合成の可視光の使用。12,13温和な反応条件、短い反応時間および毒性CHの限定使用emicalsは有用な代替方法として、GOの光触媒還元を支援し、可視光誘起されるプラズモンを作ることができます。 本発明の方法では、プラズモニックナノ粒子と可視光を使用して、効率的でシンプルなR-GOの合成方法について説明します。反応の進行は、球状の金ナノ粒子（AuNPs）、金ナノロッド（AuNRs）、金nanostars（AuNSs）としてプラズモンナノ粒子の構造に強く依存することが見出されました。 AuNPsの使用は、GOの最も効率的な減少を示し、ナノ粒子は、繰り返し使用する（ 図1）のために容易に除去され、リサイクルされています。 rは、GO可視光を使用して合成し、AuNPsのと比較してほぼ同等の品質を示したR-GO種々の分析測定と蛍光消光/回復基づくDNA検出法を使用することによって実証されるように、周知の化学的方法（ヒドラジン）により調製。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy3 modifeid ssDNA</td>
			<td>IDT(Iowa, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>HPLC purified by IDT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold nanoparticles (30 nm)</td>
			<td>Ted Pella, Inc(Redding, CA, USA).</td>
			<td>15706-20</td>
			<td>colloidal solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid (HEPES) (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7365-45-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold(III)Chloride Hydrate (99.999%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>&#160;27988-77-8</td>
			<td>strongly hygroscopic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Borohydride (99.99%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>16940-66-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (&#8805;99%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>57-09-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Ascorbic Acid(&#8805;99.0%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>50-81-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silver Nitrate&#160; (&#8805;99.0%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7761-88-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graphite</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7782-42-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sulfuric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7664-93-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phophoric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7664-38-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium permanganate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7722-64-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxide</td>
			<td>JUNSEI</td>
			<td>23150-0350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>1336-21-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xe-lamp</td>
			<td>&#160;Cermax, Waltham, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIR Laser</td>
			<td>Class-IV, Sanctity Laser, Shanghai, China&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6W (output power)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-Vis spectrophotometer&#160;</td>
			<td>S-3100, SINCO, South Korea</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transmission Electron Microscopy</td>
			<td>H-7650, Hitachi, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectro Fluorometer</td>
			<td>Jasco FP-6500, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer</td>
			<td>AXIS&#8211;NOVA, KRATOS Inc., UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visible-light induced reduction of graphene oxide using plasmonic nanoparticle

本研究は、プラズモニックナノ粒子で可視光照射を用いてRTで還元酸化グラフェン（R-GO）溶液を生成するための簡単​​な、無農薬、速く、エネルギー効率的な方法を示しています。プラズモンナノ粒子は、GOの還元効率を向上させるために使用されます。それだけXeランプを有する溶液を照射することにより、室温で30分を要し、R-GO溶液は完全に単純な遠心分離工程を経て金ナノ粒子を除去することにより得ることができます。他のナノ構造と比較して、球状の金ナノ粒子（AuNPs）は、R-GO準備に最適なプラズモニックナノ構造です。縮小グラフェン酸化物は、可視光を用いて調製し、AuNPsは、紫外 - 可視分光法、ラマン分光法、粉末XRD及びXPSのような様々な分析技術によってサポートされた化学的に還元グラフェン酸化物としても同様に定性的でした。可視光を用いて調製減少グラフェン酸化物は、フッ素にわたって優れた焼入れ性を示しますescent分子は、一本鎖DNAとターゲットDNA検出のための優れた蛍光回復に変更されました。 R-GOリサイクルAuNPsによって調製は、化学的に低減R-GOのそれと同じ品質であることが見出されています。プラズモニックナノ粒子の可視光の使用は、r-GO合成のための優れた代替方法を示しています。

図1は、r-GOの還元反応をベースと可視光とプラズモニックナノ粒子の全体的なスキームを示す。 図2は、反応のための楽器のセットアップを示します。反応後は、 図3Aに示すように使用される光触媒（AuNSs、AuNRs、またはAuNPs）を除去するために遠心分離工程を必要とされます。 HRTEM分析は、UV可視分析でRから約500〜800 nmの図3C、吸収帯に示す?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle at JoVE.com

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

可視光とプラズモンナノ粒子を用いて還元酸化グラフェンを製造するための簡単​​な手順が記載されています。

プラズモニックナノ粒子を用いてグラフェン酸化物の可視光誘起削減

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

visible-light-induced-reduction-graphene-oxide-using-plasmonic

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

14.3K ビュー.  Korea University. 可視光とプラズモンナノ粒子を用いて還元酸化グラフェンを製造するための簡単​​な手順が記載されています。 

ビデオ: Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on photoconduction, which has been one of the most commonly used techniques for terahertz generation 1-8. Terahertz generation in a photoconductive emitter is achieved by pumping an ultrafast photoconductor with a pulsed or heterodyned laser illumination. The induced photocurrent, which follows the envelope of the pump laser, is routed to a terahertz radiating antenna connected to the photoconductor contact electrodes to generate terahertz radiation. Although the quantum efficiency of a photoconductive emitter can theoretically reach 100%, the relatively long transport path lengths of photo-generated carriers to the contact electrodes of conventional photoconductors have severely limited their quantum efficiency. Additionally, the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown strictly limit the maximum output power of conventional photoconductive terahertz sources. To address the quantum efficiency limitations of conventional photoconductive terahertz emitters, we have developed a new photoconductive emitter concept which incorporates a plasmonic contact electrode configuration to offer high quantum-efficiency and ultrafast operation simultaneously. By using nano-scale plasmonic contact electrodes, we significantly reduce the average photo-generated carrier transport path to photoconductor contact electrodes compared to conventional photoconductors 9. Our method also allows increasing photoconductor active area without a considerable increase in the capacitive loading to the antenna, boosting the maximum terahertz radiation power by preventing the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown at high optical pump powers. By incorporating plasmonic contact electrodes, we demonstrate enhancing the optical-to-terahertz power conversion efficiency of a conventional photoconductive terahertz emitter by a factor of 50 10.

We describe methods for the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of plasmonic photoconductive emitters, which offer two orders of magnitude higher terahertz power levels compared to conventional photoconductive emitters.

プラズモニック光伝導テラヘルツエミッターの設計、製作、および実験特性

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on ...

工学

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The protocol details the procedures to construct a versatile, reusable, multiple layer, laminated dielectrophoresis chamber. Specifically, six layers of 50 &#181;m x&#160;0.7 cm x&#160;2 cm graphene paper and five layers of double sided tape were alternately stacked together, then clamped to a glass slide. Then a 700 &#956;m diameter micro-well was drilled through the laminated structure using a computer-controlled micro drilling machine. Insulating properties of the tape layer between adjacent graphene layers were assured by resistance tests. Silver conductive epoxy connected alternate layers of graphene paper and formed stable connections between the graphene paper and external copper wire electrodes. The finished device was then clamped and sealed to a glass slide. The electric field gradient was modeled within the multi-layer device. Dielectrophoretic behaviors of 6 &#956;m polystyrene beads were demonstrated in the 1 mm deep micro-well, with medium conductivities ranging from 0.0001 S/m to 1.3 S/m, and applied signal frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. Negative dielectrophoretic responses were observed in three dimensions over most of the conductivity-frequency space and cross-over frequency values are consistent with previously reported literature values. The device did not prevent AC electroosmosis and electrothermal flows, which occurred in the low and high frequency regions, respectively. The graphene paper utilized in this device is versatile and could subsequently function as a biosensor after dielectrophoretic characterizations are complete.

A microdevice with high throughput potential is used to demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) dielectrophoresis (DEP) with novel materials. Graphene nanoplatelet paper and double sided tape were alternately stacked; a 700 &#956;m micro-well was drilled transverse to the layers. DEP behavior of polystyrene beads was demonstrated in the micro-well.

3Dグラフェン電極誘電泳動デバイスの開発

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The ...

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions. Oxide interfaces exhibit a wide range of properties that can be controlled include conduction, piezoelectric behavior, ferromagnetism, superconductivity and nonlinear optical properties. Recently, methods for controlling these properties at extreme nanoscale dimensions have been discovered and developed. Here are described explicit step-by-step procedures for creating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures using a reversible conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The processing steps for creating electrical contacts to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface are first described. Conductive nanostructures are created by applying voltages to a conductive atomic force microscope tip and locally switching the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface to a conductive state. A versatile nanolithography toolkit has been developed expressly for the purpose of controlling the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip path and voltage. Then, these nanostructures are placed in a cryostat and transport measurements are performed. The procedures described here should be useful to others wishing to conduct research in oxide nanoelectronics.

Oxide nanostructures provide new opportunities for science and technology. The interfacial conductivity between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 can be controlled with near-atomic precision using a conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The protocol for creating and measuring conductive nanostructures at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces is demonstrated.

書き込みおよび酸化物ナノ構造の低温特性評価

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions.  Oxide ...

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. Additionally, most reported graphene assemblies are held together through physical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces) rather than chemical bonds, which limit their mechanical strength and conductivity. This video method details recently developed strategies to fabricate mass-producible, graphene-based bulk materials derived from either polymer foams or single layer graphene oxide. These materials consist primarily of individual graphene sheets connected through covalently bound carbon linkers. They maintain the favorable properties of graphene such as high surface area and high electrical and thermal conductivity, combined with tunable pore morphology and exceptional mechanical strength and elasticity. This flexible synthetic method can be extended to the fabrication of polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) and polymer/graphene oxide (GO) composite materials. Furthermore, additional post-synthetic functionalization with anthraquinone is described, which enables a dramatic increase in charge storage performance in supercapacitor applications.

This video method describes the synthesis of high surface area, monolithic 3D graphene-based materials derived from polymer precursors as well as single layer graphene oxide.

グラフェンエアロゲルとグラフェンマクロアセンブリ：3Dナノグラフェン材料の合成と機能化

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. ...

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus have potential applications in nonlinear optics, which requires extraordinary optical intensity. One of the most studied nonlinearities in plasmonics is nonlinear absorption, including saturation and reverse saturation behaviors. Although scattering and absorption in nanoparticles are closely correlated by the Mie theory, there has been no report of nonlinearities in plasmonic scattering until very recently. 
Last year, not only saturation, but also reverse saturation of scattering in an isolated plasmonic particle was demonstrated for the first time. The results showed that saturable scattering exhibits clear wavelength dependence, which seems to be directly linked to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Combined with the intensity-dependent measurements, the results suggest the possibility of a common mechanism underlying the nonlinear behaviors of scattering and absorption. These nonlinearities of scattering from a single gold nanosphere (GNS) are widely applicable, including in super-resolution microscopy and optical switches. 
In this paper, it is described in detail how to measure nonlinearity of scattering in a single GNP and how to employ the super-resolution technique to enhance the optical imaging resolution based on saturable scattering. This discovery features the first super-resolution microscopy based on nonlinear scattering, which is a novel non-bleaching contrast method that can achieve a resolution as low as l/8 and will potentially be useful in biomedicine and material studies.

Saturable and reverse saturable scattering were discovered in isolated plasmonic particles and adopted as a novel non-bleaching contrast method in super-resolution microscopy. Here the experimental procedures of detecting and extracting nonlinear scattering are explained in detail, as well as how to enhance resolution with the aid of saturated excitation microscopy.

シングルプラズモニックナノ粒子からの散乱非線形性の測定

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus ...

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use integrated paper microfluidic electrochemical pH sensor for resource-limited settings. Taking advantages from both pH meters and strips, the pH sensing platform is composed of hydrophobic barrier-patterned paper micropad (&#181;PAD) using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with IrO2-graphene films and molded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic holder. Repetitive cathodic potential cycling was employed for graphene oxide (GO) reduction which can completely remove electrochemically unstable oxygenated groups and generate a 2D defect-free homogeneous graphene thin film with excellent stability and electronic properties. A uniform and smooth IrO2 film in nanoscale grain size is anodically electrodeposited onto the graphene film, without any observable cracks. The resulting IrO2-RGO electrode showed slightly super-Nernstian responses from pH 2-12 in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffers with good linearity, small hysteresis, low response time and reproducibility in different buffers, as well as low sensitivities to different interfering ionic species and dissolved oxygen. A simple portable digital pH meter is fabricated, whose signal is measured with a multimeter, using high input-impedance operational amplifier and consumer batteries. The pH values measured with the portable electrochemical paper-microfluidic pH sensors were consistent with those measured using a commercial laboratory pH meter with a glass electrode.

The study demonstrates the growth of iridium oxide-reduced graphene oxide (IrO2-RGO) nanohybrid thin films on irregular and rough screen-printed carbon substrate through a green electrochemical synthesis, and their implementation as a pH sensor with a patterned paper-fluidic platform.

使い捨て電気化学紙のマイクロ流体のpHセンサーとしてイリジウム酸化還元グラフェン酸化物ナノハイブリッド薄膜変更されたスクリーン印刷電極

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use ...

Preparation of ZnO Nanorod/Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Epitaxial Double Heterostructure for Piezoelectrical Nanogenerator by Using Preheating Hydrothermal

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we describe a one-step fabrication technique to synthesis freestanding ZnO nanorod/graphene/ZnO nanorod double heterostructure. The preparation of the double heterostructure is performed by using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and preheating hydrothermal technique. In addition, the morphological properties were characterized by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The utility of freestanding double heterostructure is demonstrated by fabricating the piezoelectric nanogenerator. The electrical output is improved up to 200% compared to that of a single heterostructure owing to the coupling effect of the piezoelectricity between the arrays of ZnO nanorods on the top and bottom of graphene. This unique double heterostructure have a tremendous potential for applications of electrical and optoelectrical devices where the high number density and specific surface area of nanorod are needed, such as pressure sensor, immuno-biosensor and dye-sensitized solar cells.

One-step fabrication method for obtaining freestanding epitaxial double heterostructure is presented. This approach could achieve ZnO coverage with a higher number density than that of the epitaxial single heterostructure, leading to a piezoelectric nanogenerator with an increased output electrical performance.

予熱水熱を利用したピエゾ電気NanogeneratorためのZnOナノロッド/グラフェン/ ZnOのナノロッドエピタキシャルダブルヘテロ構造の作製

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we ...

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to neutral gold Au(0) by reducing agents, such as sodium citrate or sodium borohydride. The extension of this method to decorate iron oxide or similar nanoparticles with gold nanoparticles to create multifunctional hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles is straightforward. This approach yields fairly good control over Au nanoparticle dimensions and loading onto Fe2O3. Additionally, the Au metal size, shape, and loading can easily be tuned by changing experimental parameters (e.g., reactant concentrations, reducing agents, surfactants, etc.). An advantage of this procedure is that the reaction can be done in air or water, and, in principle, is amenable to scaling up. The use of such optically tunable Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles for hyperthermia studies is an attractive option as it capitalizes on plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles tuned to absorb light strongly in the VIS-NIR region. In addition to its plasmonic effects, nanoscale Au provides a unique surface for interesting chemistries and catalysis. The Fe2O3 material provides additional functionality due to its magnetic property. For example, an external magnetic field could be used to collect and recycle the hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles after a catalytic experiment, or alternatively, the magnetic Fe2O3 can be used for hyperthermia studies through magnetic heat induction. The photothermal experiment described in this report measures bulk temperature change and nanoparticle solution mass loss as functions of time using infrared thermocouples and a balance, respectively. The ease of sample preparation and the use of readily available equipment are distinct advantages of this technique. A caveat is that these photothermal measurements assess the bulk solution temperature and not the surface of the nanoparticle where the heat is transduced and the temperature is likely to be higher.

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. The composite Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

多機能ハイブリッドのFe<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; O<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; -Auナノ粒子の効率的なプラズモニック暖房

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to ...

Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging

The fabrication of polymer-nanoparticle composites is extremely important in the development of many functional materials. Identifying the precise composition of these materials is essential, especially in the design of surface catalysts, where the surface concentration of the active component determines the activity of the material. Antimicrobial materials which utilize nanoparticles are a particular focus of this technology. Recently swell encapsulation has emerged as a technique for inserting antimicrobial nanoparticles into a host polymer matrix. Swell encapsulation provides the advantage of localizing the incorporation to the external surfaces of materials, which act as the active sites of these materials. However, quantification of this nanoparticle uptake is challenging. Previous studies explore the link between antimicrobial activity and surface concentration of the active component, but this is not directly visualized. Here we show a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence imaging. Using this method, we can quantify the uptake of nanoparticles via swell encapsulation and measure the surface concentration of encapsulated particles, which is key in optimizing the activity of functional materials.

Here we present a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of cadmium selenide quantum dots can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence imaging.