The authors would like to acknowledge the startup fund from SUNY Albany and the access of facilities at the University at Albany Cancer Research Center.

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The authors have no competing interests to disclose.

フローパターン設計は、2-Dのマイクロアレイの製造における最初の重要なステップです。ガラス基板上に2つの重複DNAパターンを生成するために、最初の設計のチャネルの特徴は、第二の（ 図1A-B）のものに対して垂直であるべきです。デザインはまた、マイクロアレイの下流の適用を検討してください。単一細胞分析の場合には、マイクロアレイは、したがって、チャネ?...

抗体マイクロアレイは、広くタンパク質バイオマーカー1-3を含む標的タンパク質の存在を調べるために何十年もプロテオミクス研究に使用されています。このフィールドは現在、質量分析（MS）のような他のハイスループット技術から大きな課題に直面しているが、これらのデバイスは、他のアッセイと、単純なデータ解釈と簡単なインターフェイスを提供する主な理由は、まだ抗体マイクロアレイの有用性の余地があります。近年では、マイクロチップの足場へのマイクロアレイの統合は、抗体マイクロアレイを4-7を繁栄するための新しい機会を提供してきました。例えば、単一の細胞マイクロチップに組み込まれたバーコードのマイクロアレイは、細胞コミュニケーション研究8,9で使用されています。この技術は、他の利用可能なマイクロアレイ技術上の独特の利点を有します。従来のマイクロアレイelemenで使用される典型的な150μmのサイズよりもはるかに小さい10-100ミクロンで配列要素を備えていTS。より小さな配列要素の構造は、系統的なフローパターン化手法を用いて達成され、これは、単一細胞の分泌タンパク質及び細胞内タンパク質を検出することができるコンパクトなマイクロアレイを生じます。もう一つの利点は、単純な楽器フリーのセットアップを使用することです。ほとんどの研究所や中小企業は、マイクロアレイコア施設にアクセスすることができないかもしれないので、これは特に重要です。このようなバーコードの抗体マイクロアレイは、強化されたアッセイのスループットを備え、従来のサンドイッチ酵素結合免疫吸着アッセイ（ELISA 8）のそれに匹敵する高い感度と特異性を達成しながら、単一の細胞上に高度に多重化されたアッセイを実行するために使用することができます。この技術は、腫瘍細胞の13膠芽細胞腫9-11からのタンパク質、T細胞12を検出し 、そして循環中の多数のアプリケーションを発見しました。あるいは、単独でバーコードDNAマイクロアレイは、模倣のために、ニューロンおよび星状細胞の正確な位置決めに利用されています脳組織14 の in vivoでのアセンブリをる。 このプロトコルは、実験工程と、流体試料中の単一細胞中のバイオマーカーの検出において潜在的な用途を有する二次元（2-D）バーコード、抗体マイクロアレイの構築ブロックに焦点を当てます。技術は、アドレス可能な一本鎖、一次元（1-D）DNAマイクロアレイに基づいてガラス基板上に、空間的にパターニングされた直交するオリゴヌクレオチドを​​用いて構築しました。並列流路を流れパターニング工程において使用される場合、1次元パターンが形成され、このようなパターンは、1-D統一商品コード（UPC）バーコードと視覚的に類似した離散的なバンドとして現れます。 2-Dの建設（N×M個）抗体アレイ- 2-Dクイックレスポンス（QR）マトリックスコードを連想させるには-より複雑なパターン化戦略を必要とするが、より高い密度8,15での抗体の固定化を可能にします。製作第二に垂直な第一のパターンで、二つのDNAパターニング工程を必要とします。これらの二つのパターンの交点は、アレイのn個のx m個の要素を構成しています。戦略フローパターニングに利用一本鎖DNA（ssDNA）の配列を選択することにより、所与の配列内の各要素は、特定のアドレスが割り当てられます。この空間参照は、マイクロアレイスライド上の蛍光シグナルを区別する必要です。一本鎖DNA配列をDNAにコードされた抗体ライブラリー（DEAL 16）と呼ばれるプラットフォームを形成し、相補的DNA抗体コンジュゲートの取り込みを介して抗体の配列に変換されます。 このビデオプロトコルは、2つの方向で準備を含むn×m個抗体アレイポリジメチルシロキサン（PDMS）、バーコードの型、フロー・パターニングのssDNAを作成し、抗体-オリゴヌクレオチドディール複合体を調製し、3に3×3のDNA配列を変換する際に重要なステップを説明×3抗体アレイ。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="951">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer base</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Dow Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3097366-1004</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:263px;">Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer curing agent</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Dow Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3097358-1004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">SU-8 2025 photoresist</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">MicroChem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Y111069</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Silicon wafers&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">University Wafers</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">452</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Poly-L-lysine coated glass slides</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C40-5257-M20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Oligonucleotides</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Integrated DNA Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>*Custom-ordered from Integrated DNA Technologies, see table below</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Poly-L-lysine adhesive stock solution</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1339</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Bis (sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate&#160; (BS3)</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21585</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">1x Phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Quality Biological</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">114-058-101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:263px;">&#196;kta Explorer 100 Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) System</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">GE (Amersham Pharmacia)&#160;</td>
			<td>18-1112-41</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Superose 6 10/300 GL column</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>17-5172-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Capture antibodies</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">various</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">various</td>
			<td>*Antibody selection depends on application</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:263px;">Succinimidyl-6-hydrazino-nicotinamide (S-HyNic)</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Solulink</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S-1002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Succinimidyl-4-formylbenzamide (S-4FB)</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Solulink</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S-1004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">N,N-dimethylformamide</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">227056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Citric acid, anhydrous</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Acros</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">42356</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S318</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Amicon Ultra spin filter 10 kDa MWCO</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>UFC201024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Spin coater</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Laurell Technologies</td>
			<td>WS-650-MZ</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Biopsy punch with plunger (0.50 mm diameter)</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">57393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Diamond scribe (Style 60)</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">SPI supplies</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">6004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Trimethylchlorosilane</td>
			<td style="width:403px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">92361</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

flow-pattern guided fabrication of high-density barcode antibody microarray

Antibody microarray as a well-developed technology is currently challenged by a few other established or emerging high-throughput technologies. In this report, we renovate the antibody microarray technology by using a novel approach for manufacturing and by introducing new features. The fabrication of our high-density antibody microarray is accomplished through perpendicularly oriented flow-patterning of single stranded DNAs and subsequent conversion mediated by DNA-antibody conjugates. This protocol outlines the critical steps in flow-patterning DNA, producing and purifying DNA-antibody conjugates, and assessing the quality of the fabricated microarray. The uniformity and sensitivity are comparable with conventional microarrays, while our microarray fabrication does not require the assistance of an array printer and can be performed in most research laboratories. The other major advantage is that the size of our microarray units is 10 times smaller than that of printed arrays, offering the unique capability of analyzing functional proteins from single cells when interfacing with generic microchip designs. This barcode technology can be widely employed in biomarker detection, cell signaling studies, tissue engineering, and a variety of clinical applications.

PDMSモールド（ 図1A-1B）のデザインは、CADプログラム（AutoCADの）を使用して描かれました。フローパターニングのための機能チャネルを示す2つのデザイン、水平および垂直方向の1 1。各デザインの左右の部分が対称的です。それらのいずれかは、入口または出口である可能性があります。 20チャネルの各々は、一端から他端にはすべての方法を巻いてい?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Flow-pattern Guided Fabrication of High-density Barcode Antibody Microarray at JoVE.com

Flow-pattern Guided Fabrication of High-density Barcode Antibody Microarray

高密度バーコード抗体マイクロアレイのフローパターンガイド作製

このプロトコルは、細胞シグナル伝達研究やバイオマーカー検出の潜在的なアプリケーションと大​​規模の製造、多重化された二次元のDNAまたは抗体配列​​を、概要を説明します。

Antibody microarray as a well-developed technology is currently challenged by a few other established or emerging high-throughput technologies. In this ...

flow-pattern-guided-fabrication-high-density-barcode-antibody

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

11.2K ビュー.  University at Albany, State University of New York. このプロトコルは、細胞シグナル伝達研究やバイオマーカー検出の潜在的なアプリケーションと大​​規模の製造、多重化された二次元のDNAまたは抗体配列​​を、概要を説明します。 

ビデオ: Flow-pattern Guided Fabrication of High-density Barcode Antibody Microarray

A Guided Materials Screening Approach for Developing Quantitative Sol-gel Derived Protein Microarrays

Microarrays have found use in the development of high-throughput assays for new materials and discovery of small-molecule drug leads. Herein we describe a guided material screening approach to identify sol-gel based materials that are suitable for producing three-dimensional protein microarrays. The approach first identifies materials that can be printed as microarrays, narrows down the number of materials by identifying those that are compatible with a given enzyme assay, and then hones in on optimal materials based on retention of maximum enzyme activity. This approach is applied to develop microarrays suitable for two different enzyme assays, one using acetylcholinesterase and the other using a set of four key kinases involved in cancer. In each case, it was possible to produce microarrays that could be used for quantitative small-molecule screening assays and production of dose-dependent inhibitor response curves. Importantly, the ability to screen many materials produced information on the types of materials that best suited both microarray production and retention of enzyme activity. The materials data provide insight into basic material requirements necessary for tailoring optimal, high-density sol-gel derived microarrays.

A guided material screening approach to develop sol-gel derived protein doped microarrays using an emerging pin-printing method of fabrication is described. This methodology is demonstrated through the development of acetylcholinesterase and multikinase microarrays, which are used for cost-effective small-molecule screening.

定量ゾルゲル由来のタンパク質マイクロアレイを開発するためのガイド材料スクリーニングアプローチ

Microarrays have found use in the development of high-throughput assays for new materials and discovery of small-molecule drug leads. Herein we describe a ...

化学

Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles

Herein, we describe a protocol for simultaneously measuring six proteins in saliva using a fiber-optic microsphere-based antibody array. The immuno-array technology employed combines the advantages of microsphere-based suspension array fabrication with the use of fluorescence microscopy. As described in the video protocol, commercially available 4.5 &#956;m polymer microspheres were encoded into seven different types, differentiated by the concentration of two fluorescent dyes physically trapped inside the microspheres. The encoded microspheres containing surface carboxyl groups were modified with monoclonal capture antibodies through EDC/NHS coupling chemistry. To assemble the protein microarray, the different types of encoded and functionalized microspheres were mixed and randomly deposited in 4.5 &#956;m microwells, which were chemically etched at the proximal end of a fiber-optic bundle. The fiber-optic bundle was used as both a carrier and for imaging the microspheres. Once assembled, the microarray was used to capture proteins in the saliva supernatant collected from the clinic. The detection was based on a sandwich immunoassay using a mixture of biotinylated detection antibodies for different analytes with a streptavidin-conjugated fluorescent probe, R-phycoerythrin. The microarray was imaged by fluorescence microscopy in three different channels, two for microsphere registration and one for the assay signal. The fluorescence micrographs were then decoded and analyzed using a homemade algorithm in MATLAB.

We describe a procedure for profiling salivary proteins using multiplexed microsphere-based antibody arrays. Monoclonal antibodies were covalently linked to fluorescent dye-encoded 4.5 &#x03BC;m polymer microspheres using carbodiimide chemistry. The modified microspheres were deposited in fiber-optic microwells to measure protein levels in saliva using fluorescence sandwich immunoassays.

ポリマー微小球および光ファイババンドルを使用したヒト唾液タンパク質分析のための多重化された蛍光マイクロアレイ

Herein, we describe a protocol for simultaneously measuring six proteins in saliva using a fiber-optic microsphere-based antibody array. The immuno-array ...

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters. In this method, we modify a surface with a polyelectrolyte that alters the strength of adhesion between polymer and deposition substrate. The polyelectrolyte can be shown to remain on the wafer using spectroscopy, and a treated wafer can be used to produce multiple films, indicating that at best minimal amounts of the polyelectrolyte are added to the film. The process has thus far been shown to be limited in scalability only by the size of the coating equipment, and is expected to be readily scalable to industrial processes. In this study, the protocol for making the solutions, preparing the deposition surface, and producing the films is described.

We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

大面積自立超薄ポリマーフィルムの作製

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films.  Typically, ultrathin films are prepared ...

Microbubble Fabrication of Concave-porosity PDMS Beads

Microbubble fabrication (by use of a fine emulsion) provides a means of increasing the surface-area-to-volume (SAV) ratio of polymer materials, which is particularly useful for separations applications. Porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) beads can be produced by heat-curing such an emulsion, allowing the interface between the aqueous and aliphatic phases to mold the morphology of the polymer. In the procedures described here, both polymer and crosslinker (triethoxysilane) are sonicated together in a cold-bath sonicator. Following a period of cross-linking, emulsions are added dropwise to a hot surfactant solution, allowing the aqueous phase of the emulsion to separate, and forming porous polymer beads. We demonstrate that this method can be tuned, and the SAV ratio optimized, by adjusting the electrolyte content of the aqueous phase in the emulsion. Beads produced in this way are imaged with scanning electron microscopy, and representative SAV ratios are determined using Brunauer&#8211;Emmett&#8211;Teller (BET) analysis. Considerable variability with the electrolyte identity is observed, but the general trend is consistent: there is a maximum in SAV obtained at a specific concentration, after which porosity decreases markedly.

Procedures used to generate microstructured concave-porosity polydimethylsiloxane beads are presented. Effects of electrolyte concentration and identity within the aqueous phase are particularly emphasized.

凹面気孔率PDMSビーズのマイクロバブル作製

Microbubble fabrication (by use of a fine emulsion) provides a means of increasing the surface-area-to-volume (SAV) ratio of polymer materials, which is ...

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Hybrid organic/inorganic halide perovskites have lately been a topic of great interest in the field of solar cell applications, with the potential to achieve device efficiencies exceeding other thin film device technologies. Yet, large variations in device efficiency and basic physical properties are reported. This is due to unintentional variations during film processing, which have not been sufficiently investigated so far. We therefore conducted an extensive study of the morphology and electronic structure of a large number of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite where we show how the preparation method as well as the mixing ratio of educts methylammonium iodide and lead(II) iodide impact properties like film formation, crystal structure, density of states, energy levels, and ultimately the solar cell performance.

We present an extensive study on the effects of different fabrication methods for organic/inorganic perovskite thin films by comparing crystal structures, density of states, energy levels, and ultimately the solar cell performance.

製膜上のハイブリッドペロブスカイト製造方法、電子構造、および太陽電池の性能に及ぼす影響

Hybrid organic/inorganic halide perovskites have lately been a topic of great interest in the field of solar cell applications, with the potential to ...

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

In recent years, a push for developing novel silicon photonic devices for telecommunications has generated a vast knowledge base that is now being leveraged for developing sophisticated photonic sensors. Silicon photonic sensors seek to exploit the strong confinement of light in nano-waveguides to transduce changes in physical state to changes in resonance frequency. In the case of thermometry, the thermo-optic coefficient, i.e., changes in refractive index due to temperature, causes the resonant frequency of the photonic device such as a Bragg grating to drift with temperature. We are developing a suite of photonic devices that leverage recent advances in telecom compatible light sources to fabricate cost-effective photonic temperature sensors, which can be deployed in a wide variety of settings ranging from controlled laboratory conditions, to the noisy environment of a factory floor or a residence. In this manuscript, we detail our protocol for the fabrication and testing of photonic thermometers.

We describe the process of fabrication and testing of photonic thermometers.

光温度計の作製と試験

In recent years, a push for developing novel silicon photonic devices for telecommunications has generated a vast knowledge base that is now being ...

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling

We present a highly efficient way for the rapid preparation of a wide range of N-linked oligosaccharides (estimated to exceed 20,000 structures) that are commonly found on human glycoproteins. To achieve the desired structural diversity, the strategy began with the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of three kinds of oligosaccharyl fluoride modules, followed by their stepwise &#945;-selective glycosylations at the 3-O and 6-O positions of the mannose residue of the common core trisaccharide having a crucial &#946;-mannoside linkage. We further attached the N-glycans to the surface of an aluminum oxide-coated glass (ACG) slide to create a covalent mixed array for the analysis of hetero-ligand interaction with an HIV antibody. In particular, the binding behavior of a newly isolated HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb), PG9, to the mixture of closely spaced Man5GlcNAc2 (Man5) and 2,6-di-sialylated bi-antennary complex type N-glycan (SCT) on an ACG array, opens a new avenue to guide the effective immunogen design for HIV vaccine development. In addition, our ACG array embodies a powerful tool to study other HIV antibodies for hetero-ligand binding behavior.

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling

A modular approach to the synthesis of N-glycans for attachment to an aluminum oxide-coated glass slide (ACG slide) as a glycan microarray has been developed and its use for the profiling of an HIV broadly neutralizing antibody has been demonstrated.

N型糖鎖アレイ開発および HIV 抗体のための化学酵素合成プロファイリング

We present a highly efficient way for the rapid preparation of a wide range of N-linked oligosaccharides (estimated to exceed 20,000 structures) that are ...

Fabrication of Spherical and Worm-shaped Micellar Nanocrystals by Combining Electrospray, Self-assembly, and Solvent-based Structure Control

Micellar nanocrystals (micelles with encapsulated nanocrystals) have become an emerging major class of nanobiomaterials. We describe a method of fabricating micellar nanocrystals based on combining top-down electrospray, bottom-up self-assembly, and solvent-based structure control. This method involves first using electrospray to generate uniform ultrafine liquid droplets, each of which functions as a micro-reactor in which self-assembly reaction occurs forming micellar nanocrystals, with the structures (micelle shape and nanocrystal encapsulation) controlled by the organic solvent used. This method is largely continuous and produces high quality micellar nanocrystal products with an inexpensive structure control approach. By using a water-miscible organic solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF), worm-shaped micellar nanocrystals can be produced due to solvent-induced/facilitated micelle fusion. Compared with the common spherical micellar nanocrystals, worm-shaped micellar nanocrystals can offer minimized non-specific cellular uptake, thus enhancing biological targeting. By co-encapsulating multiple nanocrystals into each micelle, multifunctional or synergistic effects can be achieved. Current limitations of this fabrication method, which will be part of the future work, primarily include imperfect encapsulation in the micellar nanocrystal product and the incompletely continuous nature of the process.

The present work describes a method to fabricate micellar nanocrystals, an emerging major class of nanobiomaterials. This method combines top-down electrospray, bottom-up self-assembly, and solvent-based structure control. The fabrication method is largely continuous, can produce high quality products, and possesses an inexpensive means of structure control.

組み立て式、エレクトロ スプレーを組み合わせることによって球形とワーム状ミセル ナノ結晶と溶剤ベースの構造制御の作製

Micellar nanocrystals (micelles with encapsulated nanocrystals) have become an emerging major class of nanobiomaterials. We describe a method of ...

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction

Protocols for preparing and testing catalytic aerogels by incorporating metal species into silica and alumina aerogel platforms are presented. Three preparation methods are described: (a) the incorporation of metal salts into silica or alumina wet gels using an impregnation method; (b) the incorporation of metal salts into alumina wet gels using a co-precursor method; and (c) the addition of metal nanoparticles directly into a silica aerogel precursor mixture. The methods utilize a hydraulic hot press, which allows for rapid (&#60;6 h) supercritical extraction and results in aerogels of low density (0.10 g/mL) and high surface area (200-800 m2/g). While the work presented here focuses on the use of copper salts and copper nanoparticles, the approach can be implemented using other metal salts and nanoparticles. A protocol for testing the three-way catalytic ability of these aerogels for automotive pollution mitigation is also presented. This technique uses custom-built equipment, the Union Catalytic Testbed (UCAT), in which a simulated exhaust mixture is passed over an aerogel sample at a controlled temperature and flow rate. The system is capable of measuring the ability of the catalytic aerogels, under both oxidizing and reducing conditions, to convert CO, NO and unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) to less harmful species (CO2, H2O and N2). Example catalytic results are presented for the aerogels described.

Here we present protocols for preparing and testing catalytic aerogels by incorporating metal species into silica and alumina aerogel platforms. Methods for preparing materials using copper salts and copper-containing nanoparticles are featured. Catalytic testing protocols demonstrate the effectiveness of these aerogels for three-way catalysis applications.

急速な超臨界抽出法によって作製した触媒のエアロゲルの作製と試験

Protocols for preparing and testing catalytic aerogels by incorporating metal species into silica and alumina aerogel platforms are presented. Three ...

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) used nowadays in clinical practice are mixtures of antibody molecules linked to a varying number of toxins at different positions. Preclinical studies have shown that the therapeutic index of these traditional ADCs can be improved by the site-specific linkage of toxins. However, current approaches to produce homogeneous ADCs have several limitations, such as low protein expression and slow reaction kinetics. In this protocol we describe how to set up an expression system to incorporate a cyclopropene derivative of lysine (CypK) into antibodies using genetic code expansion. This minimal bioorthogonal handle allows rapid conjugation of tetrazine derivatives through an inverse-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition. The expression system here reported enables the facile production and purification of trastuzumab bearing CypK in each of the heavy chains. We explain how to link the antibody to the toxin monomethyl auristatin E and characterize the immunoconjugate by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and mass spectrometry. Finally, we describe assays to assess the stability in human serum of the dihydropyridazine linkage resulting from the conjugation and to test the selective cytotoxicity of the ADC for breast cancer cells with high levels of HER2 receptor.

Incorporating a cyclopropene derivative of lysine into antibodies allows the site-specific, rapid and efficient linkage of tetrazine-bearing molecules to generate antibody-drug conjugates.

高速 Bioorthogonal 反応により抱合体の新世代抗体医薬の非標準アミノ酸の遺伝的符号化

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) used nowadays in clinical practice are mixtures of antibody molecules linked to a varying number of toxins at different ...

高密度バーコード抗体マイクロアレイのフローパターンガイド作製

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

定量ゾルゲル由来のタンパク質マイクロアレイを開発するためのガイド材料スクリーニングアプローチ

ポリマー微小球および光ファイババンドルを使用したヒト唾液タンパク質分析のための多重化された蛍光マイクロアレイ

大面積自立超薄ポリマーフィルムの作製

凹面気孔率PDMSビーズのマイクロバブル作製

製膜上のハイブリッドペロブスカイト製造方法、電子構造、および太陽電池の性能に及ぼす影響

光温度計の作製と試験

N型糖鎖アレイ開発および HIV 抗体のための化学酵素合成プロファイリング

組み立て式、エレクトロスプレーを組み合わせることによって球形とワーム状ミセルナノ結晶と溶剤ベースの構造制御の作製

急速な超臨界抽出法によって作製した触媒のエアロゲルの作製と試験

高速 Bioorthogonal 反応により抱合体の新世代抗体医薬の非標準アミノ酸の遺伝的符号化

高密度バーコード抗体マイクロアレイのフローパターンガイド作製

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

定量ゾルゲル由来のタンパク質マイクロアレイを開発するためのガイド材料スクリーニングアプローチ

ポリマー微小球および光ファイババンドルを使用したヒト唾液タンパク質分析のための多重化された蛍光マイクロアレイ

大面積自立超薄ポリマーフィルムの作製

凹面気孔率PDMSビーズのマイクロバブル作製

製膜上のハイブリッドペロブスカイト製造方法、電子構造、および太陽電池の性能に及ぼす影響

光温度計の作製と試験

N型糖鎖アレイ開発および HIV 抗体のための化学酵素合成プロファイリング

組み立て式、エレクトロ スプレーを組み合わせることによって球形とワーム状ミセル ナノ結晶と溶剤ベースの構造制御の作製

急速な超臨界抽出法によって作製した触媒のエアロゲルの作製と試験

高速 Bioorthogonal 反応により抱合体の新世代抗体医薬の非標準アミノ酸の遺伝的符号化

組み立て式、エレクトロスプレーを組み合わせることによって球形とワーム状ミセルナノ結晶と溶剤ベースの構造制御の作製