The authors would like to acknowledge the support of NIH/NIDDK K12 DK100014 (Lan Lu), the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (NIH/NCI P30 CA43703), and the Clinical and Translation Science Collaborative of Cleveland (NIH/NCATS UL1 TR000439).

すべての動物実験は、Case Western Reserve Universityで承認された動物実験および使用委員会（IACUC）のプロトコールに従って実施した。以下に記載される外科的処置の持続時間は、約45〜60分である。 MRI手順自体は、各時点で約15分である。 1.麻酔<ol><li>注射可能な麻酔を腹腔内投与する前に、動物の取り扱いおよび拘束を容易にするために、イソフルランチャンバーを酸素と混合した2％イソフルランでラットを麻酔する。 </li><li>イソフルランに3〜5分間暴露した後、動物が麻酔され、つま先にピンチに反応しないことを確認する。 </li><li>キシラジンとケタミンの混合物の腹腔内注射：75mg / kgケタミン/ 10mg / kgキシラジンを用いてラットをさらに鎮静させる。腹腔内注射を行う際には、腸やその他の重要な器官の一部に穿刺されていないことを確認するために針を引き戻します。 </li><li>私切開部位に2mg / kgのブピバカインを皮下投与して、局所的な痛みを軽減する。 </li></ol> 2.外科手術領域の準備<ol><li>外科用器具および消耗品を手術前に滅菌し、滅菌のために外科用パッド上に配置する。ほとんどの器具および消耗品は、オートクレーブして再使用することができます。 </li><li>すべての外科手術に無菌手袋を使用する。 </li><li>動物の右側から毛皮を剃るために電気かみそりを使用してください。胸郭の底から後ろの脚の上まで動物を剃り、切開のための大きなヘアフリーエリアを提供する。 </li><li>消毒された外科用パッドの上に動物を置き、消毒された領域を周囲の領域から隔離する。 </li><li>ポビドンヨードやベタジンなどの消毒剤で皮膚を擦る。手術部位の中心でスクラビングを開始し、円形に外側に移動する。ポビドンヨードまたはベタジンの新しいワイプで少なくとも3回繰り返します。 </&gt; <li>皮膚が透明になるまで、70％のアルコール綿棒で手術部位を擦る。ヨウ素が吸収されると毒性を示すことがある。 </li></ol> 3.手術手順<ol><li>無菌条件下でこの手順を維持する。 </li><li>麻酔した動物を暖かい床の上に置いて、右腹を上にして左臥位にする。 注：低体温を防ぐために、動物の中核体温を35〜37℃に維持するように注意する必要があります。この加温ベッドは、無菌状態を維持するために必要に応じて滅菌する必要があります。 </li><li>胸郭のために感じ、胸郭の底部から始まる滅菌されたサイズ10のメスの刃を使用して、右後部背部の腹腔内の小さな2〜3cmの切開を行う。 </li><li>切開の両側に滅菌ガーゼを縦に置きます。 </li><li>腹腔を視覚化してアクセスするために、皮下組織、脂肪、および筋肉を切除する。湾曲した羽毛のはさみを使用してより深く浸透させる傷口に入れ、厚い組織を切る。 </li><li>肝臓がはっきりと見えてアクセス可能になったら、鈍い鉗子を用いて肝臓を上方に収縮させる。 </li><li>一方、鈍い鉗子の別のペアを使用して、それは腹腔のすぐ外に座るように右の腎臓を公開する。 </li><li>腎臓を所定の位置に保持するには、指の指と左手の親指を使用します。右手でゆっくりとしっかりとゆっくりと着実に滅菌注射器からUTI89 大腸菌溶液（濃度は1 x 10 8 -1 x 10 9 ）を腎盂（白い泡として現れる）に注入する15 。 注：参考文献15に記載されているように、細菌力価を調製する。 </li><li>腹膜への接種物の流出を防ぐために、吸収性止血剤のストリップを針の上に置く。ゆっくりと腎盂から針を抜き取る。 注：周辺組織に穴をあけたり感染させたりしないでください。その結果、標的外の感染が起こりますオンザ及び/又は合併症を引き起こす。 </li><li>大型注射器を使用して腹腔内に戻す前に、腎臓を生理食塩水で十分にすすいでください。 </li></ol> 4.縫合注：組織に埋め込まれる縫合糸は、4-0の非吸収性編組縫合糸でなければなりません。身体表面に吸収性またはモノフィラメント縫合糸を使用することができる。 <ol><li>血流の閉塞を防ぐために、縫合糸をできるだけ均等に、組織の縁の近くに置く。典型的には縁から0.3cm以下が必要である。 </li><li>皮膚をつかみ、細かい歯の鉗子を使って軽く傷つけ、針のホルダーを回して皮膚を刺す準備をします。 </li><li>手首を動かして針を回転させ、皮膚に通すことによって、皮膚の全厚を通して針を駆動する。 </li><li>プロシージャを実行する個人に最も近いスキンエッジに対してこのプロセスを繰り返します。 </li><li>締める組織の縁に十分に縫合することができる。どんなに硬くても、血液供給が遅くなり、創傷治癒が遅くなり、裂開することになります。 </li><li>短い鎖だけが切断され、約3〜4 mmの尾を残すことを除いて、単純な中断された縫い目のように、正方形の結び目を使用して縫合糸を結ぶ。 </li><li>最初のステッチを締め込んだ後、最初のステッチを約3mm離して準備し、実行中の縫合を続けます。 </li><li>切開の終わりに達すると、最後のステッチを完全に引っ張らないでください。代わりに、ここではニードルホルダーで保持されているループを短いストランドとして使用して、縫合閉鎖の遠位端を結ぶ。 </li><li>器具の結び目を使用して、正方形の結び目を使用して縫合糸を結びます。これにより、3つのストランドが遠位端の完成した結び目から突き出てしまう。 </li></ol> 5.動物の回復<ol><li>手術後に麻酔を逆行させるために、2.1mg / kgヨヒンビンを腹腔内に注射する。 A3~5時間後に外科処置から完全に回復することが期待される。 </li><li>動物は暖房パッド（低体温症を避けるため）と吸収剤の柔らかい寝具の手術後に保管してください。 </li><li>通常の授乳に戻るまで（24時間以内）、経口または非経口の液体で再水和を行います。脱水効果を制限するために、手術直後に約0.6mlの生理食塩水溶液を腹膜内に注射する。 </li><li> IACUCが承認したAnimal Care and Use Protocolに記載されているように鎮痛剤を提供する。疼痛管理のために皮下に5mg / kgのカルプロフェンを注射する。 </li><li>腫れ、滲出、痛み、裂開のために定期的に切開を監視する。 </li></ol>磁気共鳴イメージング経由 6.検証<ol><li>ハイフィールド小動物MRIスキャナーで生体内 MRI実験を行う。 </li><li>麻酔を酸素中のイソフルラン3％で行い、MRIスキャナー内のアイソセンタで適切な腎臓に動物を配置し、適切にするラジオ周波数のコイルを食べた。動物にノセコンを介して連続的に1％〜2％のイソフルラン麻酔を与える。 注記： 図1に示すインビボ MRI画像では、ラットサイズのボリュームコイル（内径= 72mm）を利用した。 </li><li>各動物の呼吸速度（40〜60呼吸/分）および中核体温（35±1℃）を維持するために、動物監視および制御システムを使用する。 </li><li>感染した腎臓とコントロール腎臓の両方の高分解能、軸方向のT2強調画像を得るには、マルチスライス、マルチエコースピンエコーMRI撮影を使用します。典型的なMRI取得パラメータは、反復時間= 5000msec、エコー時間= 40msec、スライス厚さ= 2.0mm、面内空間分解能=200μm、3つの信号平均、および8分間の取得時間である。 </li></ol>

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The authors have no other disclosures.

げっ歯類（すなわち、マウスおよびラット）における急性腎盂腎炎の上昇は経尿道カテーテル法によって生じ得る。それは上昇感染症の非侵襲的および模倣ヒト病態である16、17、18、この経尿道感染法が有利です。 17、18、19、20...

齧歯類モデルは、腎盂腎炎および尿路感染症（UTI）を含む多数のヒト疾患の症状を研究するために使用されている。 UTIは世界的な健康問題であり、すべての年齢の子供、男性、および女性に影響を与える可能性があります。 1、2、3のUTIの初期症状は、膀胱炎を含む、感染は尿管に沿って上昇した場合、腎臓感染（腎盂腎炎）が続いてもよいです。同時に、糖尿病の罹患率は世界中で4億人に達しています。 4、5重要なことに、UTIの発生率がアップ肥満であるか、または再発性UTI感染（rUTI）、敗血症、腎盂腎炎から腎線維症、及び膀胱機能不全の危険性の増大をもたらす、2型糖尿病を有する患者の4倍であることができます。 6、7、8げっ歯類現在の抗生物質療法はUTI患者のサブセットにおいてのみ持続的かつ予防的応答を生じるため、モデルはUTIの研究において重要である。臨床UTIケアを改善するために、主要なステップは、急性感染から炎症、線維症へのrUTIおよびその病態生理学的プロセスのメカニズムならびに2型糖尿病の影響を理解することである。 動物モデルを改善する目的は、疾患の進行および治療的介入のより正確な評価を可能にする技術を開発することである。ラットおよび/またはマウスにおいて、腎臓損傷の病態生理学、抗生物質治療の効果、およびUTIの自然経過の他の側面を研究するために、腎盂腎炎を誘発するためにいくつかの異なるアプローチが用いられてきた。逆行性UTIを確立するための一般的なアプローチは経尿道カテーテル法である。 10、11、12、13 &lt;この方法は、麻酔した動物の膀胱に尿道を介して細菌を導入する。この技術はヒト腎盂腎炎と非常によく似ていますが、腎盂腎炎感染の実際の発生率と規模は、接種中または直後の自然尿管逆流または尿排尿の欠如を含む複数の要因のため、 11その結果、昇順腎盂腎炎の感染を誘導する実験的な変動は、腎臓の感染症などの治療戦略を研究するために、このモデルの有用性を制限することができます。 この報告では、 大腸菌をラット腎臓に直接注射する外科的腎盂腎炎ラットモデルが記載されている。このラットモデルが侵襲的であるにもかかわらず、腎臓に送達される大腸菌の量は効果的に制御され、強力な腎臓感染および炎症を可能にする。 14この手順の中で、我々はまた、記述これらの誘発された腎臓感染を、生体内磁気共鳴画像法（MRI）で縦方向にどのように監視することができるかを示す。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Absorbing Pad</td><td>Fisher</td><td>14-127-47</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile Cotton Gauze Pad</td><td>Fisher</td><td>22-415-469</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Latex Surgical Gloves</td><td>Henry Schein Animal Health</td><td>21540</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Curved Mayo Scissors</td><td>Fisher</td><td>S17341</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Straight Blunt Foreceps</td><td>Fisher</td><td>08-895</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel Handle&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher</td><td>08-913-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile Scalpel Blades</td><td>Fisher</td><td>53220</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 ml Luer-Lok Syringe</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>309628</td><td>For bacterial injections</td></tr><tr><td>20 ml Luer-Lok Syringe&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>301031</td><td>For saline wash</td></tr><tr><td>Hemostat</td><td>Seneca Medical</td><td>240267</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 G 3/4 in. Needle&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>305143</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30 G 1 in. Needle&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>305128</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U-100 Insulin Syringe</td><td>Exel International&amp;nbsp;</td><td>25846</td><td>For medication injections</td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Henry Schein Animal Health</td><td>050033</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylazine</td><td>Henry Schein Animal Health</td><td>33197</td><td>Inject IP</td></tr><tr><td>Ketamine</td><td>Patterson Vetrinary&amp;nbsp;</td><td>07-881-9413</td><td>Inject IP</td></tr><tr><td>Yohimbine (Atipamezole)</td><td>Patterson Vetrinary&amp;nbsp;</td><td>07-867-7097</td><td>Inject IP after surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Bupivacaine (Marcaine)</td><td>Patterson Vetrinary&amp;nbsp;</td><td>07-890-4584</td><td>Inject SQ at site of incision&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>4-0 Chromic Gut Suture</td><td>Ethicon Inc.</td><td>U203H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4-0 Braided Vicryl Suture</td><td>Ethicon Inc.</td><td>J304H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 ml SubQ Syringe</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>309597</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;E. coli&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp; UTI89 or CFT073</td><td>ATCC</td><td>700928</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgicel Absorbable Hemostat</td><td>Ethicon Inc.</td><td>ETH1951CS&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Biospec 9.4T MRI&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Bruker&amp;nbsp;</td><td>94/20 USR</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

intrarenal injection of escherichia coli in a rat model of pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney and is most commonly caused by Escherichia coli. Recurrent infections can cause significant renal inflammation and fibrosis ultimately resulting in declining kidney function. Before improved clinical management and prevention of pyelonephritis can be instituted, a reliable animal model must be established in order to study the mechanisms of progression, recurrence, and therapeutic efficacy. The transurethral infection model closely mimics human pyelonephritis but exhibits considerable variation due to its reliance on urethral reflux to transport the bacteria to the kidney. Herein, a detailed surgical protocol for performing bacterial injections into the rat renal pelvis is provided and confirmed by non-invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Using this protocol, animals receive direct exposure to a desired concentration of E. coli bacteria and can fully recover from the surgical procedure with adequate post-operative care. This facilitates subsequent longitudinal MRI assessments of the experimental animal models for comparison with saline (sham) controls. Using this direct delivery approach, the severity of infection is controllable and applicable for mechanistic studies of progression as well as development of novel treatment strategies.

医療画像技術は、非侵襲的にUTIおよび治療効果を評価する機会を提供する。したがって、MRIを利用して、1〜2×10 7個のUTI89 大腸菌の注射後の急性感染の誘導を確認し、手術前後の腎臓の変化を視覚化した。 図1a-bは、腎臓感染の漸増領域（黄色の矢印）を示す。感染後1および4日目に各動物について得られたMRI画像は、急性腎盂腎炎感染の成...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis at JoVE.com

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

This manuscript describes a rat surgical model of pyelonephritis using direct intra-renal infection by Escherichia coli into the renal pelvis. The experimental procedure can be utilized to study the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis as well as the associated inflammation and fibrosis.

腎内注射<em&gt;大腸菌</em&gt;腎盂腎炎のラットモデル

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney and is most commonly caused by Escherichia coli. Recurrent infections can cause significant renal ...

intrarenal-injection-escherichia-coli-rat-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

7.9K ビュー.  Case Western Reserve University. This manuscript describes a rat surgical model of pyelonephritis using direct intra-renal infection by Escherichia coli into the renal pelvis. The experimental procedure can be utilized to study the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis as well as the associated inflammation and fibrosis.

ビデオ: Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Transurethral Induction of Mouse Urinary Tract Infection

Uropathogenic bacterial strains of interest are grown on agar. Generally, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and other strains can be grown overnight on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar at 37&deg;C in ambient air. UPEC strains grow as yellowish-white translucent colonies on LB agar. Following confirmation of appropriate colony morphology, single colonies are then picked to be cultured in broth. LB broth can be used for most uropathogenic bacterial strains. Two serial, overnight LB broth cultures can be employed to enhance expression of type I pili, a well-defined virulence factor for uropathogenic bacteria. Broth cultures are diluted to the desired concentration in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Eight to 12 week old female mice are placed under isoflurane anesthesia and transurethrally inoculated with bacteria using polyethylene tubing-covered 30 gauge syringes. Typical inocula, which must be empirically determined for each bacterial/mouse strain combination, are 106 to 108 cfu per mouse in 10 to 50 microliters of PBS. After the desired infection period (one day to several weeks), urine samples and the bladder and both kidneys are harvested. Each organ is minced, placed in PBS, and homogenized in a Blue Bullet homogenizer. Urine and tissue homogenates are serially diluted in PBS and cultured on appropriate agar. The following day, colony forming units are counted.

This video will demonstrate methods to transurethrally induce mouse urinary tract infections and quantify the extent of resulting infections.

マウス尿路感染症の経尿道的誘導

Uropathogenic bacterial strains of interest are grown on agar. Generally, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and other strains can be grown overnight on ...

免疫・感染学

Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

Investigation of the interactions between animal host and bacterial pathogen is only meaningful if the infection model employed replicates the principal features of the natural infection. This protocol describes procedures for the establishment and evaluation of systemic infection due to neuropathogenic Escherichia coli K1 in the neonatal rat. Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract leads to dissemination of the pathogen along the gut-lymph-blood-brain course of infection and the model displays strong age dependency. A strain of E. coli O18:K1 with enhanced virulence for the neonatal rat produces exceptionally high rates of colonization, translocation to the blood compartment and invasion of the meninges following transit through the choroid plexus. As in the human host, penetration of the central nervous system is accompanied by local inflammation and an invariably lethal outcome. The model is of proven utility for studies of the mechanism of pathogenesis, for evaluation of therapeutic interventions and for assessment of bacterial virulence.

Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

Here, a procedure is described for the establishment of systemic infection in the neonatal rat with cultures of Escherichia coli K1. This non-invasive procedure permits colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, translocation of the pathogen to the systemic circulation, and invasion of the central nervous system at the choroid plexus.

神経病原の非侵襲的モデル<em&gt;エシェリヒア·コリ</em&gt;新生ラットにおける感染

Investigation of the interactions between animal host and bacterial pathogen is only meaningful if the infection model employed replicates the principal ...

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are extremely common worldwide, incurring significant morbidity and healthcare-associated expenses. Small animal models, which accurately reflect disease establishment and progression, permit dissection of host-pathogen interactions and generation of immunity to infection. In mice, intravesical instillation of uropathogenic E. coli, the causative agent in more than 85% of community acquired UTI, recapitulates many of the stages of infection observed in humans. Until recently, however, UTI could only be modeled in female animals. This limitation has hindered the study of sex-related differences in UTI, as well as other bladder pathologies, such as cancer. Here, we describe a method to instill male mice that allows direct comparison between female and male animals and provide a detailed protocol to assess bladder tissue by flow cytometry as a means to better understand host responses to infection. Together, these approaches will aid in the identification of host factors that contribute to sex biases observed in UTI and other bladder-associated diseases.

The established model of transurethral catheterization of mice allows the study of bladder pathologies, including urinary tract infection, but can only be performed in females. A new model of male transurethral instillation, presented here, will enable research in an area marked by strong clinical and epidemiological differences between the sexes.

小動物モデルにおける尿路感染症: 雌雄マウスの尿道カテーテル

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are extremely common worldwide, incurring significant morbidity and healthcare-associated expenses. Small animal models, ...

Standardized Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis in Rats - a Simple, Feasible Animal Model to Induce Septic Acute Kidney Injury

AKI in septic patients is associated with increased mortality and poor outcome despite major efforts to refine the understanding of its pathophysiology. Here, an in vivo model is presented that combines a standardized septic focus to induce AKI and an intensive care (ICU) setup to provide an advanced hemodynamic monitoring and therapy comparable in human sepsis. Sepsis is induced by standardized colon ascendens stent peritonitis (sCASP). AKI is investigated functionally by measurement of blood and urine samples as well as histologically by evaluation of histopathological scores. Furthermore, the advanced hemodynamic monitoring and the possibility of repetitive blood gas sampling enable a differentiated analysis of severity of induced sepsis.
The sCASP method is a standardized, reliable and reproducible method to induce septic AKI. The intensive care setup, continuous hemodynamic and gas exchange monitoring, low mortality rate as well as the opportunity of detailed analyses of kidney function and impairments are advantages of this setup. Therefore, the described method may serve as a new standard for experimental investigations of septic AKI.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication in critically ill patients and is related with an increased mortality. Here, we present a reliable and reproducible in vivo model to mimic AKI under inflammatory conditions that might contribute towards understanding the pathogenesis of septic AKI.

AKI in septic patients is associated with increased mortality and poor outcome despite major efforts to refine the understanding of its pathophysiology. ...

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are common and costly. Previous articles describing models of UTI in male and female mice have illustrated the procedures for bacterial inoculation and enumeration in urine and tissues. During an initial bladder infection in C57BL/6 mice, UPEC establish latent reservoirs inside bladder epithelial cells that persist following clearance of UPEC bacteriuria. This model builds on these studies to examine rUTI caused by the emergence of UPEC from within latent bladder reservoirs. The urogenital bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis is used as the trigger of rUTI in this model because it is frequently present in the urogenital tracts of women, especially in the context of vaginal dysbiosis that has been associated with UTI. In addition, a method for in situ bladder fixation followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of bladder tissue is also described, with potential application to other studies involving the bladder.

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

A mouse model of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) transurethral inoculation to establish latent intracellular bladder reservoirs and subsequent bladder exposure to G. vaginalis to induce recurrent UPEC UTI is demonstrated. Also demonstrated are the enumeration of bacteria, urine cytology, and in situ bladder fixation and processing for scanning electron microscopy.

マウスにおけるガードネレラ膣膀胱曝露によって引き起こされる再発性大腸菌尿路感染症

Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are common and costly. Previous articles describing models of ...

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher risk for morbidity and mortality post-operatively. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of AKI. To mimic this clinical scenario, this study presents a highly reproducible large animal model of renal IRI in swine using temporary percutaneous bilateral balloon-catheter occlusion of the renal arteries. The renal arteries are occluded for 60 min by introducing the balloon-catheters through the femoral and carotid artery and advancing them into the proximal portion of the arteries. Iodinated contrast is injected in the aorta to assess any opacification of the kidney vessels and confirm the success of the artery occlusion. This is furtherly confirmed by the flattening of the pulse waveform at the tip of the balloon catheters. The balloons are deflated and removed after 60 min of bilateral renal artery occlusion, and the animals are allowed to recover for 24 h. At the end of the study, plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly increase, while eGFR and urine output significantly decrease. The need for iodinated contrast is minimal and does not affect renal function. Bilateral renal artery occlusion better mimics the clinical scenario of perioperative renal hypoperfusion, and the percutaneous approach minimizes the impact of the inflammatory response and the risk of infection seen with an open approach, such as a laparotomy. The ability to create and reproduce this clinically relevant swine model eases the clinical translation to humans.

This study presents a highly reproducible large animal model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in swine using temporary percutaneous bilateral balloon-catheter occlusion of the renal arteries for 60 min and reperfusion for 24 h.

一時的な両側性腎動脈閉塞による急性腎障害の大型動物モデル

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher risk for morbidity and mortality post-operatively. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most ...

医学

Hydrodynamic Renal Pelvis Injection: A Technique to Directly Deliver DNA into Kidney Cells of Murine Model

Source: Woodard, L. E. et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/56324" target="_blank">Hydrodynamic Renal Pelvis Injection for Non-viral Expression of Proteins in the Kidney.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2018)
In this video, we present the protocol for hydrodynamic injection of plasmids into the renal pelvis of the mouse kidney for nucleic acid transfection. This technique allows organ-specific delivery of plasmids by utilizing the principle of high hydrostatic pressure, which forcefully drives the plasmids into the specific site without causing tissue injury.

流体力学的腎骨盤注射:マウスモデルの腎臓細胞にDNAを直接送達する技術

Source: Woodard, L. E. et al. Hydrodynamic Renal Pelvis Injection for Non-viral Expression of Proteins in the Kidney. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)
In this video, ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

がん研究

尿路がん

体内研究

Transurethral Catheterization and Bacterial Inoculation to Generate a Urinary Tract Infection Model in Male Mice

Source: Zychlinsky Scharff, A., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/54432">Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2017).
This video demonstrates the establishment of uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection in a female mouse bladder through transurethral catheter instillation. The injected bacteria successfully establish a urinary tract infection within the bladder, providing a valuable platform for studying healthcare-associated diseases related to the urinary tract.

雄マウスにおける尿路感染症モデルを生成するための経尿道的カテーテル法と細菌接種

All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review board.
1. ...

免疫学

免疫病理学

宿主-病原体相互作用モデル

Establishment of a Urinary Tract Infection Model in Female Mice

Source: Zychlinsky Scharff, A. et al., <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/54432">Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice.</a>&#160;J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
This video demonstrates the establishment of uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection in a female mouse bladder through transurethral catheter instillation. The injected bacteria successfully establish a urinary tract infection within the bladder, providing a valuable platform for studying healthcare-associated diseases related to the urinary tract.

雌マウスにおける尿路感染症モデルの確立

Generating Urinary Tract Infection Model: A Technique to Administer Uropathogenic Bacteria in Mouse to Develop Urinary Tract Infection Model

Source: Luyts, N. et al., <a href="https://www.jove.com/v/62614">Longitudinal Follow-Up of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment in Mice using Bioluminescence Imaging.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2021).
In this video, we describe the technique for the intravesical administration of uropathogenic bacteria to generate a urinary tract infection model in mice. This model can be used to understand the spread of uropathogenic bacterial infection within the urinary system and the mechanisms that determine UTI susceptibility.

尿路感染症モデルの作成:尿路感染症モデルを開発するためのマウスに尿路病原菌を投与する技術

Source: Luyts, N. et al., Longitudinal Follow-Up of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment in Mice using Bioluminescence Imaging. J. Vis. Exp. ...

腎内注射

要約

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