Name: the colon-26 carcinoma tumor-bearing mouse as a model for the study of cancer cachexia
Uploaded: 2016-11-30T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 55 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia at JoVE.com

We thank Richard Lieber and Shannon Bremner for their ImageJ macro and instructions. While at Thomas Jefferson University, this work was supported by the Pennsylvania Department of Health CURE Grant TJU No. 080-37038-AI0801. Subsequently, this study was supported by a grant to AB from the National Institutes of Health (R21CA190028), and by grants to TAZ from the National Institutes of Health (R01CA122596, R01CA194593), the IU Simon Cancer Center, the Lustgarten Foundation, the Lilly Foundation, Inc., and the IUPUI Pancreas Signature Center.

<ol>
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B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+efficacy+and+decreased+systemic-effects+of+botulinum+toxin+A+injection+after+active+or+passive+muscle+manipulation.">Increased efficacy and decreased systemic-effects of botulinum toxin A injection after active or passive muscle manipulation.</a> Dev Med Child Neurol. 49, 907-914 (2007).</li><li>Murphy, K., Lynch, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Update+on+emerging+drugs+for+cancer+cachexia.">Update on emerging drugs for cancer cachexia.</a> Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 14, 619-632 (2009).</li><li>Seto, D. N., Kandarian, S. C., Jackman, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Key+Role+for+Leukemia+Inhibitory+Factor+in+C26+Cancer+Cachexia.">A Key Role for Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in C26 Cancer Cachexia.</a> The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 290, 19976-19986 (2015).</li><li>Judge, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-wide+identification+of+FoxO-dependent+gene+networks+in+skeletal+muscle+during+C26+cancer+cachexia.">Genome-wide identification of FoxO-dependent gene networks in skeletal muscle during C26 cancer cachexia.</a> BMC Cancer. 14, 997 (2014).</li><li>Kliewer, K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose+tissue+lipolysis+and+energy+metabolism+in+early+cancer+cachexia+in+mice.">Adipose tissue lipolysis and energy metabolism in early cancer cachexia in mice.</a> Cancer Biol Ther. 16, 886-897 (2015).</li><li>Aversa, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+myostatin+signaling+in+non-weight-losing+cancer+patients.">Changes in myostatin signaling in non-weight-losing cancer patients.</a> Ann Surg Oncol. 19, 1350-1356 (2012).</li><li>Bonetto, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+changes+of+muscle+insulin-like+growth+factor-1+and+myostatin+gene+expression+in+gastric+cancer+patients.">Early changes of muscle insulin-like growth factor-1 and myostatin gene expression in gastric cancer patients.</a> Muscle Nerve. 48, 387-392 (2013).</li><li>Lazarus, D. 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The authors have nothing to disclose.

特にその最新の段階で、結腸直腸癌は、貧しい転帰と患者の生活の質の低下の原因である悪液質の開発と関連しています。多くの研究は、癌の二次的症状の治療に焦点を当てています。しかし、この方向に多くの努力にもかかわらず、癌性悪液質21には承認された治療法はまだありません。従って、動物モデルは、所見の変換を最大にするためにできるだけ近いヒト病理に似ているこ...

筋萎縮は、癌、敗血症、肝臓、肝硬変、心臓や腎不全、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、およびAIDSなどの様々な臨床症状の重篤な合併症です。特に、筋消耗、癌1患者の少なくとも50％において明らかです。原因および/またはからの骨格筋タンパク質分解システムの過剰活性化に増加したタンパク質分解からの癌の結果で骨格筋の損失は、タンパク質合成6を減少させました 。脂肪分解は、脂肪組織の枯渇をもたらすも明らかです。臨床的には、悪液質を低減し、品質及び寿命の長さと関連し、20における死亡の原因であると推定されている-癌患者7の30％。できるだけヒトの疾患に似ている実験モデルの使用は有益であろう。最適な動物モデルは、異なる治療法との予測不可能な要因から高い再現性により、同様に制限された干渉によって特徴づけられます通常、臨床状態8に関連付けられている食事、性別、遺伝的背景。新しい方法は、癌の発生に影響を受けやすい遺伝的に改変されたマウスを使用することであるが、これまで、癌性悪液質は、癌細胞または発癌物質の注入の移植によって特徴付けられる動物モデルにおいて主に研究されてきました。 C26癌を有するマウスは、癌性悪液質2,5のよく特徴付けられたと広範囲に使用されるモデルを表す（結腸-26および腺癌と呼ばれます）。主に強化脂肪及びタンパク質異化9を介して身体および筋肉重量損失C26腫瘍結果の成長。一般に、全体重に対して10％の腫瘍重量は、骨格筋重量の20％〜25％の減少および脂肪3,10の高い枯渇と関連しています。肝腫および脾腫も、急性期反応の活性化及びプロinflaの上昇に伴って、腫瘍の成長で観察されていますmmatoryサイトカインレベル3,11。これらの中でも、同様にこのサイトカインはおそらく、悪液質12の唯一の誘導因子ではないにもかかわらず、IL-6は、C26モデルにおいて筋肉消耗を媒介する重要な役割を果たしていることが知られています。上昇したIL-6は、JAK / STAT3経路の活性化を介して筋萎縮を引き起こし、この転写因子を阻害すること3,4筋肉消耗を防ぐことができます。 C26誘発性筋萎縮時には、筋萎縮の多くの条件のように、筋肉量がない細胞死または繊維13の損失を介して、主に筋線維全体の筋肉のタンパク質含有量の減少によって失われます。 C26の悪液質では、より小さな断面積へのシフトは、解糖および酸化繊維2の両方で観察されました。これはまた、減少筋力5と一致しています。多くのグループが、世界中のがんCACのための筋萎縮の新しいメディエーターまたは臨床的に関連する薬物を発見するために、C26モデルの利点をとっていますhexia。しかし、このモデルの使用のために多くの異なる手順は、得られたデータの整合性についての懸念を高め、異なる実験条件で再現性の障壁を装った、報告されています。ここでは、標準化と再現性のあるデータが得られ、癌性悪液質の研究のためのこのモデルの典型的な使用を報告しています。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Cell culture Flasks</td><td>Falcon - Becton Dickinson</td><td>35-5001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM</td><td>Cellgro</td><td>10-017-CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>Gibco</td><td>26140</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Streptomycin-Penicillin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Cellgro</td><td>30-002-CI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD2F1 mice</td><td>Harlan</td><td>060</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia apparatus</td><td>EZ-Anesthesia</td><td>EZ-7000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-Methyl Butane</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M32631</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>OCT</td><td>Tissue-Tek</td><td>4583</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cryostat</td><td>Leica</td><td>CM1850</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cork disks</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>63305</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Superfrost plus glass slides</td><td>VWR</td><td>48311-703</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-Laminin Rabbit polyclonal antibody</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>L9393</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-Dystrophin Mouse Monoclonal antibody</td><td>Vector Laboratories</td><td>VP-D508</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Flour 594 anti-mouse IgG</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A11062</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Flour 594 anti-rabbit IgG</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A21211</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hematoxylin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>GHS216</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eosin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>HT110332</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylene</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>422680025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cytoseal-XYL</td><td>Thermo</td><td>8312-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microscope</td><td>Zeiss</td><td>Observer.Z1&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bamboo Tablet</td><td>Wacom</td><td>CTH-661</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Prism 7.0 for Mac OS X</td><td>GraphPad Software, Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Excel for Mac 2011</td><td>Microsoft Corp.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ImageJ</td><td>US National Institutes of Health</td><td>IJ1.46</td><td>http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/download.html</td></tr><tr><td>Microtainer</td><td>BD</td><td>365873</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

the colon-26 carcinoma tumor-bearing mouse as a model for the study of cancer cachexia

Cancer cachexia is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and adipose tissue, negative nitrogen balance, anorexia, fatigue, inflammation, and activation of lipolysis and proteolysis systems. Cancer patients with cachexia benefit less from anti-neoplastic therapies and show increased mortality1. Several animal models have been established in order to investigate the molecular causes responsible for body and muscle wasting as a result of tumor growth. Here, we describe methodologies pertaining to a well-characterized model of cancer cachexia: mice bearing the C26 carcinoma2-4. Although this model is heavily used in cachexia research, different approaches make reproducibility a potential issue. The growth of the C26 tumor causes a marked and progressive loss of body and skeletal muscle mass, accompanied by reduced muscle cross-sectional area and muscle strength3-5. Adipose tissue is also lost. Wasting is coincident with elevated circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly Interleukin-6 (IL-6)3, which is directly, although not entirely, responsible for C26 cachexia. It is well-accepted that a primary mechanism by which the C26 tumor induces muscle tissue depletion is the activation of skeletal muscle proteolytic systems. Thus, expression of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, such as atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF-1, represent an accepted method for the evaluation of the ongoing muscle catabolism2. Here, we present how to execute this model in a reproducible manner and how to excise several tissues and organs (the liver, spleen, and heart), as well as fat and skeletal muscles (the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and quadriceps). We also provide useful protocols that describe how to perform muscle freezing, sectioning, and fiber size quantification.

（ - 5 D 4）指数関数的な細胞増殖が続く注射後8 D、 - C26腫瘍増殖動態は、最初の7のための誘導期を示しました。腫瘍塊は、最終的に（; 図 1A-B約2g）〜体重の10％に達します。最初のフェーズでは、腫瘍は触診により配置することができ、皮膚の小さな突起として表示されます。第二段階では、腫瘍は、皮膚の下の塊として観察されます。ま?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia at JoVE.com

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Mice bearing the Colon-26 (C26) carcinoma represent a classical model of cancer cachexia. Progressive muscle wasting occurs in association with tumor growth, over-expression of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, and reductions in muscle cross-sectional area. Fat loss is also observed. Cachexia is studied in a time-dependent manner with increasing severity of wasting.

大腸-26癌腫瘍を有するがん悪液質の研究のためのモデルとしてマウスを

Cancer cachexia is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and adipose tissue, negative nitrogen balance, anorexia, fatigue, inflammation, and ...

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Cancer Research

16.1K ビュー.  Indiana University School of Medicine. Mice bearing the Colon-26 (C26) carcinoma represent a classical model of cancer cachexia. Progressive muscle wasting occurs in association with tumor growth, over-expression of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, and reductions in muscle cross-sectional area. Fat loss is also observed. Cachexia is studied in a time-dependent manner with increasing severity of wasting. 

ビデオ: The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Advanced Animal Model of Colorectal Metastasis in Liver: Imaging Techniques and Properties of Metastatic Clones

Patients with a limited number of hepatic metastases and slow rates of progression can be successfully treated with local treatment approaches1,2. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of liver metastases, and animal models capable of evaluating the development of individual metastatic colonies are needed. Here, we present an advanced model of hepatic metastases that provides the ability to quantitatively visualize the development of individual tumor clones in the liver and estimate their growth kinetics and colonization efficiency. We generated a panel of monoclonal derivatives of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells stably labeled with luciferase and tdTomato and possessing different growth properties. With a splenic injection followed by a splenectomy, the majority of these clones are able to generate hepatic metastases, but with different frequencies of colonization and varying growth rates. Using the In Vivo&#160;Imaging System (IVIS), it is possible to visualize and quantify metastasis development with in vivo luminescent and ex vivo fluorescent imaging. In addition, Diffuse Luminescent Imaging Tomography (DLIT) provides a 3D distribution of liver metastases in vivo. Ex vivo fluorescent imaging of harvested livers provides quantitative measurements of individual hepatic metastatic colonies, allowing for the evaluation of the frequency of liver colonization and the growth kinetics of metastases. Since the model is similar to clinically observed liver metastases, it can serve as a modality for detecting genes associated with liver metastasis and for testing potential ablative or adjuvant treatments for liver metastatic disease.

The ability of metastatic clones to colonize distant sites depends on their proliferation capacity and/or their ability to survive in the host microenvironment without significant proliferation. Here, we present an animal model that allows quantitative visualization of both types of liver colonization by metastatic clones.

肝臓における大腸転移の高度な動物モデル：イメージング技術および転移性クローンのプロパティ

Patients with a limited number of hepatic metastases and slow rates of progression can be successfully treated with local treatment approaches1,2. ...

がん研究

Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Despite the advantages of easy applicability and cost-effectiveness, subcutaneous mouse models have severe limitations and do not accurately simulate tumor biology and tumor cell dissemination. Orthotopic mouse models have been introduced to overcome these limitations; however, such models are technically demanding, especially in hollow organs such as the large bowel. In order to produce uniform tumors which reliably grow and metastasize, standardized techniques of tumor cell preparation and injection are critical. 
We have developed an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC) which develops highly uniform tumors and can be used for tumor biology studies as well as therapeutic trials. Tumor cells from either primary tumors, 2-dimensional (2D) cell lines or 3-dimensional (3D) organoids are injected into the cecum and, depending on the metastatic potential of the injected tumor cells, form highly metastatic tumors. In addition, CTCs can be found regularly. We here describe the technique of tumor cell preparation from both 2D cell lines and 3D organoids as well as primary tumor tissue, the surgical and injection techniques as well as the isolation of CTCs from the tumor-bearing mice, and present tips for troubleshooting.

We describe the establishment of orthotopic colorectal tumors via injection of tumor cells or organoids into the cecum of mice and the subsequent isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from this model.

結腸直腸癌モデルマウスにおける循環腫瘍細胞の単離

Despite the advantages of easy applicability and cost-effectiveness, subcutaneous mouse models have severe limitations and do not accurately simulate ...

A Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer

Despite the advantages of easy applicability and cost-effectiveness, colorectal cancer mouse models based on tumor cell injection have severe limitations and do not accurately simulate tumor biology and tumor cell dissemination. Genetically engineered mouse models have been introduced to overcome these limitations; however, such models are technically demanding, especially in large organs such as the colon in which only a single tumor is desired.
As a result, an immunocompetent, genetically engineered mouse model of colorectal cancer was developed which develops highly uniform tumors and can be used for tumor biology studies as well as therapeutic trials. Tumor development is initiated by surgical, segmental infection of the distal colon with adeno-cre virus in compound conditionally mutant mice. The tumors can be easily detected and monitored via colonoscopy. We here describe the surgical technique of segmental adeno-cre infection of the colon, the surveillance of the tumor via high-resolution colonoscopy and present the resulting colorectal tumors.

A protocol for the establishment of a genetically engineered mouse model of colorectal cancer by segmental adeno-cre infection and its surveillance via high-resolution colonoscopy is presented.

散発性結腸直腸癌の遺伝子操作マウスモデル

Despite the advantages of easy applicability and cost-effectiveness, colorectal cancer mouse models based on tumor cell injection have severe limitations ...

Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

The traditional subcutaneous tumor model is less than ideal for studying colorectal cancer. Orthotopic mouse models of colorectal cancer, which feature cancer cells growing in their natural location, replicate human disease with high fidelity. Two techniques can be used to establish this model. Both techniques are similar and require mouse anesthesia and laparotomy for exposure of the cecum. One technique involves injection of a colorectal cancer cell suspension into the cecal wall. Cancer cells are first grown in culture, harvested when subconfluent and prepared as a single cell suspension. A small volume of cells is injected slowly to avoid leakage. The other technique involves transplantation of a piece of subcutaneous tumor onto the cecum. A mouse with a previously established subcutaneous colorectal tumor is euthanized and the tumor is removed using sterile technique. The tumor piece is divided into small pieces for transplantation to another mouse. Prior to transplantation, the cecal wall is lightly damaged to facilitate tumor cell infiltration. The time to developing primary tumors and liver metastases will vary depending on the technique, cell line, and mouse species used. This orthotopic mouse model is useful for studying the natural progression of colorectal cancer and testing new therapeutic agents against colorectal cancer.

Two techniques can be used to establish this model: injection of a cancer cell suspension into the cecal wall or transplantation of a piece of subcutaneous tumor onto the cecum. This model is useful for studying the natural progression of colorectal cancer and testing new therapeutic agents against colorectal cancer.

大腸癌の同所性マウスモデル

The traditional subcutaneous tumor model is less than ideal for studying colorectal cancer. Orthotopic mouse models of colorectal cancer, which feature ...

生物学

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) over healthy individuals. This risk is proportional to the duration and extent of disease, with a cumulative incidence as high as 30% in individuals with longstanding UC with widespread colonic involvement.1 Colonic dysplasia in IBD and colitis associated cancer (CAC) are believed to develop as a result of repeated cycles of epithelial cell injury and repair while these cells are bathed in a chronic inflammatory cytokine milieu.2 While spontaneous and colitis-associated cancers share the quality of being adenocarcinomas, the sequence of underlying molecular events is believed to be different.3 This distinction argues the need for specific animal models of CAC.
Several mouse models currently exist for the study of CAC. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), an agent with direct toxic effects on the colonic epithelium, can be administered in drinking water to mice in multiple cycles to create a chronic inflammatory state. With sufficient duration, some of these mice will develop tumors.4 Tumor development is hastened in this model if administered in a pro-carcinogenic setting. These include mice with genetic mutations in tumorigenesis pathways (APC, p53, Msh2), as well as mice pre-treated with genotoxic agents (azoxymethane [AOM], 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [DMH]).5 
The combination of DSS with AOM as a model for colitis associated cancer has gained popularity for its reproducibility, potency, low price, and ease of use. Though they have a shared mechanism, AOM has been found to be more potent and stable in solution than DMH. While tumor development in other models generally requires several months, mice injected with AOM and subsequently treated with DSS develop adequate tumors in as little as 7-10 weeks.6, 7 Finally, AOM and DSS can be administered to mice of any genetic background (knock out, transgenic, etc.) without cross-breeding to a specific tumorigenic strain. Here, we demonstrate a protocol for inflammation-driven colonic tumorigenesis in mice utilizing a single injection of AOM followed by three seven-day cycles of DSS over a 10 week period. This model induces tumors with histological and molecular changes closely resembling those occurring in human CAC and provides a highly valuable model for the study of oncogenesis and chemoprevention in this disease.8

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane AOM and Dextran Sulfate Sodium DSS

We demonstrate a protocol in which administration of the genotoxic agent azoxymethane (AOM) followed by three cycles of the pro-inflammatory agent dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) rapidly and consistently generates colon tumors in mice with morphologic and molecular similarities to those seen in human colitis-associated cancer.

アゾキシメタン（AOM）とデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）によるモデリング大腸炎関連癌

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colorectal ...

医学

Portal Vein Injection of Colorectal Cancer Organoids to Study the Liver Metastasis Stroma

Hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the tumor microenvironment, play a crucial role in metastatic CRC progression and predict poor patient prognosis. However, there is a lack of satisfactory mouse models to study the crosstalk between metastatic cancer cells and CAFs. Here, we present a method to investigate how liver metastasis progression is regulated by the metastatic niche and possibly could be restrained by stroma-directed therapy. Portal vein injection of CRC organoids generated a desmoplastic reaction, which faithfully recapitulated the fibroblast-rich histology of human CRC liver metastases. This model was tissue-specific with a higher tumor burden in the liver when compared to an intra-splenic injection model, simplifying mouse survival analyses. By injecting luciferase-expressing tumor organoids, tumor growth kinetics could be monitored by in vivo imaging. Moreover, this preclinical model provides a useful platform to assess the efficacy of therapeutics targeting the tumor mesenchyme. We describe methods to examine whether adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of a tumor-inhibiting stromal gene to hepatocytes could remodel the tumor microenvironment and improve mouse survival. This approach enables the development and assessment of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit hepatic metastasis of CRC.

Portal vein injection of colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids generates stroma-rich liver metastasis. This mouse model of CRC hepatic metastasis represents a useful tool to study tumor-stroma interactions and develop novel stroma-directed therapeutics such as adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapies.

肝転移間質を研究するための結腸直腸癌オルガノイドの門脈注入

Hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the ...

Orthotopic Implantation of Patient-Derived Cancer Cells in Mice Recapitulates Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Over the last decade, more sophisticated preclinical colorectal cancer (CRC) models have been established using patient-derived cancer cells and 3D tumoroids. Since patient derived tumor organoids can retain the characteristics of the original tumor, these reliable preclinical models enable cancer drug screening and the study of drug resistance mechanisms. However, CRC related death in patients is mostly associated with the presence of metastatic disease. It is therefore essential to evaluate the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies in relevant in vivo models that truly recapitulate the key molecular features of human cancer metastasis. We have established an orthotopic model based on the injection of CRC patient-derived cancer cells directly into the cecum wall of mice. These tumor cells develop primary tumors in the cecum that metastasize to the liver and lungs, which is frequently observed in patients with advanced CRC. This CRC mouse model can be used to evaluate drug responses monitored by microcomputed tomography (&#181;CT), a clinically relevant small-scale imaging method that can easily identify primary tumors or metastases in patients. Here, we describe the surgical procedure and the required methodology to implant patient-derived cancer cells in the cecum wall of immunodeficient mice.

This protocol describes the orthotopic implantation of patient-derived cancer cells in the cecum wall of immunodeficient mice. The model recapitulates advanced colorectal cancer metastatic disease and allows for the evaluation of new therapeutic drugs in a clinically relevant scenario of lung and liver metastases.

進行性大腸癌を再現するマウスへの患者由来癌細胞の同所性移植

Over the last decade, more sophisticated preclinical colorectal cancer (CRC) models have been established using patient-derived cancer cells and 3D ...

モデル同所性NSCLCへの多細胞スフェロイドの肺内接種

Construction of An Orthotopic Xenograft Model of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Mimicking Disease Progression and Predicting Drug Activities

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly lethal disease with a complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. Currently, common animal models based on subcutaneous inoculation of cancer cell suspensions do not recapitulate the tumor microenvironment in NSCLC. Herein we describe a murine orthotopic lung cancer xenograft model that employs the intrapulmonary inoculation of three-dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCS). Specifically, fluorescent human NSCLC cells (A549-iRFP) were cultured in low-attachment 96-well microplates with collagen for 3 weeks to form MCS, which were then inoculated intercostally into the left lung of athymic nude mice to establish the orthotopic lung cancer model.
Compared with the original A549 cell line, MCS of the A549-iRFP cell line responded similarly to anticancer drugs. The long-wavelength fluorescent signal of the A549-iRFP cells correlated strongly with common markers of cancer cell growth, including spheroid volume, cell viability, and cellular protein level, thus allowing dynamic monitoring of the cancer growth in vivo by fluorescent imaging. After inoculation into mice, the A549-iRFP MCS xenograft reliably progressed through phases closely resembling the clinical stages of NSCLC, including the expansion of the primary tumor, the emergence of neighboring secondary tumors, and the metastases of cancer cells to the contralateral right lung and remote organs. Moreover, the model responded to the benchmark antilung cancer drug, cisplatin with the anticipated toxicity and slower cancer progression. Therefore, this murine orthotopic xenograft model of NSCLC would serve as a platform to recapitulate the disease&#39;s progression and facilitate the development of potential anticancer drugs.

著者スポットライト:抗がん剤のナノ製剤開発のためのマウス非小細胞肺がんモデルの確立

This study presents an orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) model based on intrapulmonary inoculation of multicellular spheroids of fluorescent A549-iRFP cells. The model recapitulates clinical NSCLC stages and responds to cisplatin, according to dynamic in vivo monitoring of long-wavelength fluorescence.

疾患進行を模倣し薬物活性を予測する非小細胞肺癌の同所性異種移植モデルの構築

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly lethal disease with a complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. Currently, common animal models ...

大腸-26癌腫瘍を有するがん悪液質の研究のためのモデルとしてマウスを

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肝臓における大腸転移の高度な動物モデル：イメージング技術および転移性クローンのプロパティ

結腸直腸癌モデルマウスにおける循環腫瘍細胞の単離

散発性結腸直腸癌の遺伝子操作マウスモデル

大腸癌の同所性マウスモデル

アゾキシメタン（AOM）とデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）によるモデリング大腸炎関連癌

肝転移間質を研究するための結腸直腸癌オルガノイドの門脈注入

進行性大腸癌を再現するマウスへの患者由来癌細胞の同所性移植

疾患進行を模倣し薬物活性を予測する非小細胞肺癌の同所性異種移植モデルの構築

疾患進行を模倣し薬物活性を予測する非小細胞肺癌の同所性異種移植モデルの構築

疾患進行を模倣し薬物活性を予測する非小細胞肺癌の同所性異種移植モデルの構築