研究は、保全効果評価プロジェクト (CEAP) からの資金調達のために可能だった。生産者は、米国農務省-アルス-デルタ水管理研究部と生態毒性研究施設、アーカンソー州立大学のスタッフによるサンプル分析のメンバーの研究支援サイト アクセス許可を特に感謝しております。本研究の一部は、米国エネルギー省と米国農務省の省庁間の契約を通じて科学と教育 (ORISE) のオークリッジ国立研究所によって管理アルス参加プログラムに予定によって支えられました。ORISE は、DOE の契約数・ デ ・ AC05 06OR23100 下 ORAU によって管理されます。本稿で表明したすべての意見は、著者のポリシーおよび米国農務省、アルス、DOE、または ORAU/ORISE の景色を必ずしも反映していません。

<ol>
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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emerging+Tools+for+Continuous+Nutrient+Monitoring+Networks:+Sensors+Advancing+Science+and+Water+Resources+Protection.">Emerging Tools for Continuous Nutrient Monitoring Networks: Sensors Advancing Science and Water Resources Protection.</a> J Am Water Resour Assoc. 52 (4), 993-1008 (2016).</li><li>Rozemeijer, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+and+Evaluation+of+a+New+Passive+Sampler+for+Measuring+Average+Solute+Concentrations+in+a+Catchment+Scale+Water+Quality+Monitoring+Study.">Application and Evaluation of a New Passive Sampler for Measuring Average Solute Concentrations in a Catchment Scale Water Quality Monitoring Study.</a> Environ Sci Tech. 44 (4), 1353-1359 (2010).</li><li>Cassidy, R., Jordan, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Limitations+of+instantaneous+water+quality+sampling+in+surface-water+catchments:+Comparison+with+near-continuous+phosphorus+time-series+data.">Limitations of instantaneous water quality sampling in surface-water catchments: Comparison with near-continuous phosphorus time-series data.</a> J. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nitrogen+losses+in+runoff+from+three+adjacent+agricultural+watersheds+with+claypan+soils.">Nitrogen losses in runoff from three adjacent agricultural watersheds with claypan soils.</a> Agric Ecosyst Environ. 117 (1), 39-48 (2006).</li></ol>

著者が明らかに何もありません。

全体的にみて、栄養素および沈殿物の連続的な監視には、グラブ サンプリング メソッドを使用して監視をいくつかの利点があります。水と水の品質プロセスは、時間の非常に短いスパンで降雨に影響されます。ユーザーは、栄養素と複雑な問題を研究する堆積物の高時間分解能データを取得できます。同時に、硝酸塩、アンモニウム、および濁度監視と同じコストで、伝導率、pH、温度、DO ...

水質モニタリング プロットまたはフィールドから流域の範囲することができます貢献の領域のサイズに応じて、さまざまな空間スケールでの汚染物質の濃度に関する情報を提供します。この監視は 1 つのイベント、日、季節、年などの時間の期間にわたって起こる。主に (例えば窒素とリン) の栄養素と、堆積物に関する水質監視から集めた情報はするために使用することができます: 1) 水文過程とトランスポート ストリームにおける汚染物質の変容を理解します。農業排水溝;2) 養分と堆積物の負荷を減らすため、水の質を向上する流域に適用される経営の効率性を評価します。3) 水を下流の堆積物および栄養素の配信を評価します。・ 4) 栄養素と水を理解し、時間と空間のスケールの範囲にわたって汚染物質輸送とダイナミクスを決定する品質プロセスを水堆積物のモデリングを改善します。
この情報は、水生生態系の回復、持続可能な計画と水資源1の管理に不可欠です。
栄養のため最もよく使用されるメソッド、グラブ サンプリングは、流域における土砂監視します。グラブ サンプリング サンプリング2の時点でスナップショット濃度を正確に表します。頻繁にサンプリングが行われる場合にも時間で汚染物質濃度の変化を描写できます。しかし、頻繁なサンプリングは、集中的に高価な多くの場合ことが非現実的な2時間です。また、グラブ サンプリングはの下で可能性があります- またはサンプリング時間2,3,4外実際汚染物質濃度を過大評価。その結果、このような濃度を算出負荷が正確かもしれません。
また、継続的な監視について説明します正確かつタイムリーな水質、分、時間、または日など、あらかじめ決められた時間間隔で。ユーザーは、彼らのニーズに基づいて適切な時間間隔を選択できます。継続的な監視により、サンプル コレクションを最適化するには、研究者、プランナー、およびマネージャー開発し、合計の最大負荷量 (TMDLs); などの時間統合指標を監視水体のレクリエーション利用を評価します。評価基準のストリーム条件;時空間因果関係を決定し、管理計画5,6への物質の変化を評価します。最近コンピューティングとセンサー技術、ストレージ ・ デバイスの改善された容量およびより複雑なプロセスを勉強するために必要なデータ要件の増加で進歩のための高められた注意を受けている栄養素および沈殿物の継続的な監視1,5,7. 700 以上の水の専門家の世界的な調査、マルチパラ メーター ゾンデの使用は 26% から 2002 年から 2012 年までの 61% に増加し、2022年566% に達するとされます。同じ調査では、回答者の 72% は、自分のデータに合わせて、監視ネットワークの拡大の必要性が必要5示されます。監視ネットワークの局数と 2012 年に駅につき監視する変数の数は、2022年5, 53%、64% 増加する予定です。
ただし、連続的な水の品質と量の農業生態系流域における監視は挑戦にあります。堆積物と植物、センサー ゾンデで高い沈殿物の負荷および残骸蓄積に貢献する大規模な降雨を洗い流します。過剰な窒素とリンを農業分野に応用の流出は、特に夏のインストリーム センサー、ゾンデ、汚、微視的および巨視的生物の成長のための理想的な条件を作成します。汚れと堆積物の蓄積は、失敗し、ドリフト、信頼性の低いデータを生成するセンサーを可能性があります。これらの課題にもかかわらず、細かい (分あたりの低) と時空間解像度のデータに必要な流出過程と非点源汚染研究彼らが影響を受ける流域特性 (サイズなど地盤、斜面、など。) タイミングと降雨7の強さ。注意深い観測, 頻繁に校正し、適切なクリーニングとメンテナンスできますセンサーや細かい時間分解能でも、ゾンデから質の良いデータを確認します。
ここでは、その場で多項目水質品質ゾンデ、面積速度と圧力トランスデューサー センサー、オートサンプラー; を使用して 2 つの農業流域の連続モニタリング手法を検討します。校正データおよびフィールド メンテナンス;およびデータ処理。プロトコルは、継続的な水質監視を実行するのに方法を示します。プロトコルは、一般的に連続的な水の質と量であらゆるタイプやサイズの分岐点の監視に適用されます。
プロトコルは少し溝流域 (フク 080202040803、53.4 km2の領域) の北東アーカンソーと下流聖フランシス (フク 080202030801、23.4 km2の領域) を行った。これらの 2 つの流域は、ミシシッピ川の支流に流出します。ミシシッピ川の支流の監視の必要性はより低いミシシッピー川保全委員会とメキシコ低酸素タスク フォース湾流域管理計画を開発し、管理活動の進捗状況を記録するによって識別されます。8,9しますさらに、これらの流域は、養分と堆積物の汚染を減らすため、ポテンシャルに基づくアメリカ合衆国農務省自然資源保全局 (米国農務省 NRCS)、別にフォーカス流域として特徴づけられる。10水の品質を向上させます。エッジ フィールドの監視が行われてこれらの流域の州全体のミシシッピ川流域健全な流域イニシアチブ (MRBI) ネットワーク11の一部として。分水界 (すなわちサイトの場所、流域特性、等) の詳細については、(2017)6Aryal とレバで提供されます。一言で言えば、主にシルト ローム土を持っている少し溝流域、ワタとダイズ主要作物下流聖フランシスは主に・ シャーキー粘土土壌とが主要な作物の米と大豆に対し。各流域でその場で連続水量及び水質監視 (すなわち、吐出温度、pH、DO、濁度、電気伝導度、硝酸、およびアンモニウム) を行ったこのプロトコルを使用する主流の 3 地点で汚濁負荷と水文過程の時空間変動を理解します。さらに、毎週水のサンプルを収集され、浮遊 co を分析ncentration。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Multiparameter sonde</td><td>Hach Hydrolab</td><td>DS5X</td><td>measures temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonium, turbidity</td></tr><tr><td>Area velocity flow module and sensor</td><td>Teledyne Isco</td><td>2150</td><td>measures average stream velocity and flow depth, and calculates flow rate and total flow based on provided cross-section area of the ditch. Stored data can be downloaded directly to computer.</td></tr><tr><td>Automatic portable water sampler</td><td>Teledyne Isco</td><td>ISCO 6712</td><td>automatically samples water in the set interval or in conjunction with flow module and sensor</td></tr><tr><td>Pressure Transducer</td><td>In-situ</td><td>Rugged Troll 100</td><td>measures presure, level and temperature in the water. Stored data can be directly downloaded to the computer</td></tr><tr><td>Portable flow meter</td><td>Flo-mate (Hach)</td><td>Marsh-McBirney 2000</td><td>For manual discharge measurement</td></tr><tr><td>Battery, 12 v, rechargeable</td><td>UPG</td><td>UB 1270</td><td>To power sonde</td></tr><tr><td>Battery, 12 v, rechargeable</td><td>Interstate Batteries</td><td>SRM 27</td><td>Lead acid battery to power autosampler</td></tr><tr><td>Solar panel</td><td>Alt E</td><td>ALT20-12P</td><td>To recharge battery at the site</td></tr><tr><td>C-8 batteries</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calibration standards</td><td>Hach or Fisher Scientific</td><td>mulitple</td><td>Standards of pH (4,7,10), conductivity (1412 uS/cm), nitrate (5 and 50 mg/L), ammonium (5 and 50 mg/L), and turbidity (50,100,200 NTU)</td></tr><tr><td>High nitrate standard</td><td>Hach</td><td>013810HY</td><td>50 mg/L</td></tr><tr><td>Low nitrate standard</td><td>Hach</td><td>013800HY</td><td>5 mg/L</td></tr><tr><td>High ammonium standard</td><td>Hach</td><td>002588HY</td><td>50 mg/L</td></tr><tr><td>Low ammonium standard</td><td>Hach</td><td>002587HY</td><td>5 mg/L</td></tr><tr><td>Turbidity standard</td><td>Fisher scientific</td><td>R8819050-500G</td><td>50 NTU</td></tr><tr><td>Turbidity standard</td><td>Fisher scientific</td><td>88-061-6</td><td>100 NTU</td></tr><tr><td>Turbidity standard</td><td>Fisher scientific</td><td>R8819200500 C</td><td>200 NTU</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium chloride salt pellets</td><td>Hach</td><td>005376HY</td><td>to maintain electrolyte for pH electrode</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium chloride standard</td><td>Fisher scientific</td><td>5890-16</td><td>1412 us/cm</td></tr><tr><td>Buffer solution, pH 4</td><td>Fisher scientific</td><td>SB99-1</td><td>for pH sensor calibration</td></tr><tr><td>Buffer solution, pH 7</td><td>Fisher scientific</td><td>SB108-1</td><td>for pH sensor calibration</td></tr><tr><td>Buffer solution, pH 10</td><td>Fisher scientific</td><td>SB116-1</td><td>for pH sensor calibration</td></tr><tr><td>Silicon sealant</td><td>Hach</td><td>00298HY</td><td>For sealing sensor battery cover water tight</td></tr><tr><td>All purpose cleaner</td><td>Sunshine Makers Inc</td><td>Simple green</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Wipes</td><td>Kimberly-Clark</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-bracket</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Telsbar post</td><td>Unistrut Service Company</td><td></td><td>Secure sensors and sondes in the stream</td></tr><tr><td>Steel wire</td><td></td><td></td><td>supend sonde and PT sensor</td></tr><tr><td>Carabiner</td><td></td><td></td><td>supend sonde and PT sensor</td></tr><tr><td>Allen wrench</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Copper wire mesh</td><td>Bird B Gone</td><td></td><td>Rodent and bird control copper mesh roll</td></tr><tr><td>Adhesive Tape</td><td>Agri Drain Corporation</td><td></td><td>Tile tape, works in wet and cold weather</td></tr></tbody></table>

continuous instream monitoring of nutrients and sediment in agricultural watersheds

汚染物質濃度と流域における荷重は、時間と空間のかなり変わる。水資源の汚染物質の大きさに正確かつタイムリーな情報は、リソース管理の情報水の意思、汚濁負荷のドライバーを理解するための前提条件です。一般的に使用される"サンプリングをつかむ"方法 (すなわち、スナップショット濃度) のサンプリング時に汚染物質の濃度を提供しの下で可能性があります- または汚染物質の濃度と負荷を overpredict。栄養素および沈殿物の継続的な監視と、最近、コンピューティング、センシング技術、およびストレージ デバイスの進歩のためのより多くの注意を受信しています。このプロトコルでインストルメンテーションその場で硝酸塩、アンモニウム、濁度、pH、導電率、温度、および溶存酸素量 (DO) を継続的に監視し、2 つのストリーム (溝) から荷重を計算します、ゾンデ、センサーの使用に示します2 つの農業生態系流域。適切な校正、保守、およびセンサーとゾンデの操作を汚れや破片の蓄積など困難な条件を克服して良い水質データを取得できます。メソッドの様々 なサイズの分水界で使用され農業、森林、および/または都市の土地によって特徴付けられるもことができます。

Aryal とレバ (2017) 文書にこのプロトコルを使用してトランスポートおよび栄養素と 2 つの小さな農業流域6の堆積物の変形を研究します。このプロトコルからの追加の結果は次のとおりです。
降雨流出水の品質の関係:
継続的な監視の強度は 15 分のデータ (<strong ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds at JoVE.com

農業流域における栄養塩と堆積物の流入域の継続的モニタリング |環境 |ビデオ

Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds

技術とエンドユーザーの期待の上昇の伴い必要と汚濁負荷推定のため時間分解能の高いデータの使用が増加しています。このプロトコルでは、その場で連続水質監視リソース管理意思決定情報に基づいた水を高い時間分解能データを取得する方法について説明します。

連続インストリームの栄養素と農業生態系流域における堆積物の監視

Pollutant concentrations and loads in watersheds vary considerably with time and space. Accurate and timely information on the magnitude of pollutants in ...

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11.1K ビュー.  Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE). 技術とエンドユーザーの期待の上昇の伴い必要と汚濁負荷推定のため時間分解能の高いデータの使用が増加しています。このプロトコルでは、その場で連続水質監視リソース管理意思決定情報に基づいた水を高い時間分解能データを取得する方法について説明します。

ビデオ: Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

There is a critical need for tools and methodologies capable of managing aquatic systems within heavily impacted watersheds. Current efforts often fall short as a result of an inability to quantify and predict complex cumulative effects of current and future land use scenarios at relevant spatial scales. The goal of this manuscript is to provide methods for conducting a targeted watershed assessment that enables resource managers to produce landscape-based cumulative effects models for use within a scenario analysis management framework. Sites are first selected for inclusion within the watershed assessment by identifying sites that fall along independent gradients and combinations of known stressors. Field and laboratory techniques are then used to obtain data on the physical, chemical, and biological effects of multiple land use activities. Multiple linear regression analysis is then used to produce landscape-based cumulative effects models for predicting aquatic conditions. Lastly, methods for incorporating cumulative effects models within a scenario analysis framework for guiding management and regulatory decisions (e.g., permitting and mitigation) within actively developing watersheds are discussed and demonstrated for 2 sub-watersheds within the mountaintop mining region of central Appalachia. The watershed assessment and management approach provided herein enables resource managers to facilitate economic and development activity while protecting aquatic resources and producing opportunity for net ecological benefits through targeted remediation.

There is a critical need for tools and methodologies capable of managing aquatic systems in the face of uncertain future conditions. We provide methods for conducting a targeted watershed assessment that enables resource managers to produce landscape-based cumulative effects models for use within a scenario analysis management framework.

定量的シナリオ分析フレームワーク内の流域計画

There is a critical need for tools and methodologies capable of managing aquatic systems within heavily impacted watersheds. Current efforts often fall ...

環境学

Understanding Dissolved Organic Matter Biogeochemistry Through In Situ Nutrient Manipulations in Stream Ecosystems

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a highly diverse mixture of molecules providing one of the largest sources of energy and nutrients to stream ecosystems. Yet the in situ study of DOM is difficult as the molecular complexity of the DOM pool cannot be easily reproduced for experimental purposes. Nutrient additions to streams however, have been shown to repeatedly alter the in situ and ambient DOM pool. Here we demonstrate an easily replicable field-based method for manipulating the ambient pool of DOM at the ecosystem scale. During nutrient pulse experiments changes in the concentration of both dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen can be examined across a wide-range of nutrient concentrations. This method allows researchers to examine the controls on the DOM pool and make inferences regarding the role and function that certain fractions of the DOM pool play within ecosystems. We advocate the use of this method as a technique to help develop a deeper understanding of DOM biogeochemistry and how it interacts with nutrients. With further development this method may help elucidate the dynamics of DOM in other ecosystems.

Understanding Dissolved Organic Matter Biogeochemistry Through In Situ Nutrient Manipulations in Stream Ecosystems

Dissolved organic matter provides an important source of energy and nutrients to stream ecosystems. Here we demonstrate a field-based method to manipulate the ambient pool of dissolved organic matter in situ through easily replicable nutrient pulses.

溶存有機物生物地球化学を理解します<em&gt;その場で</em&gt;ストリーム生態系における栄養操作を

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a highly diverse mixture of molecules providing one of the largest sources of energy and nutrients to stream ecosystems. ...

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff

Urban stormwater and agriculture irrigation runoff contain a complex mixture of contaminants that are often toxic to adjacent receiving waters. Runoff may be treated with simple systems designed to promote sorption of contaminants to vegetation and soils and promote infiltration. Two example systems are described: a bioswale treatment system for urban stormwater treatment, and a vegetated drainage ditch for treating agriculture irrigation runoff. Both have similar attributes that reduce contaminant loading in runoff: vegetation that results in sorption of the contaminants to the soil and plant surfaces, and water infiltration. These systems may also include the integration of granulated activated carbon as a polishing step to remove residual contaminants. Implementation of these systems in agriculture and urban watersheds requires system monitoring to verify treatment efficacy. This includes chemical monitoring for specific contaminants responsible for toxicity. The current paper emphasizes monitoring of current use pesticides since these are responsible for surface water toxicity to aquatic invertebrates.

This article summarizes the design attributes and the effectiveness of treatment systems that treat urban stormwater and agriculture irrigation runoff to remove pesticides and other contaminants associated with aquatic toxicity.

農業および都市流出における地表水毒性に伴う汚染物質除去のための植物処理システム

Urban stormwater and agriculture irrigation runoff contain a complex mixture of contaminants that are often toxic to adjacent receiving waters. Runoff may ...

Capturing Flow-weighted Water and Suspended Particulates from Agricultural Canals During Drainage Events

The purpose of this study is to describe the methods used to capture flow-weighted water and suspended particulates from farm canals during drainage discharge events. Farm canals can be enriched by nutrients such as phosphorus (P) that are susceptible to transport. Phosphorus in the form of suspended particulates can significantly contribute to the overall P loads in drainage water. A settling tank experiment was conducted to capture suspended particulates during discrete drainage events. Farm canal discharge water was collected in a series of two 200 L settling tanks over the entire duration of the drainage event, so as to represent a composite subsample of the water being discharged. Imhoff settling cones are ultimately used to settle out the suspended particulates. This is achieved by siphoning water from the settling tanks via the cones. The particulates are then collected for physico-chemical analyses.

Nutrients present in particulate form can contribute significantly to the overall loads in agricultural drainage waters. This study describes a novel method to capture flow-weighted water and suspended particulates from farm canal drainage over the entire duration of the drainage event.

排水のイベント中に水の流れ加重と農業用水路から浮遊微粒子をキャプチャ

The purpose of this study is to describe the methods used to capture flow-weighted water and suspended particulates from farm canals during drainage ...

Continuous Hydrologic and Water Quality Monitoring of Vernal Ponds

Vernal ponds, also referred to as vernal pools, provide critical ecosystem services and habitat for a variety of threatened and endangered species. However, they are vulnerable parts of the landscapes that are often poorly understood and understudied. Land use and management practices, as well as climate change are thought to be a contribution to the global amphibian decline. However, more research is needed to understand the extent of these impacts. Here, we present methodology for characterizing a vernal pond's morphology and detail a monitoring station that can be used to collect water quantity and quality data over the duration of a vernal pond's hydroperiod. We provide methodology for how to conduct field surveys to characterize the morphology and develop stage-storage curves for a vernal pond. Additionally, we provide methodology for monitoring the water level, temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity of water in a vernal pond, as well as monitoring rainfall data. This information can be used to better quantify the ecosystem services that vernal ponds provide and the impacts of anthropogenic activities on their ability to provide these services.

Understanding the ecosystem services and processes provided by vernal ponds and the impacts of anthropogenic activities on their ability to provide these services requires intensive hydrologic monitoring. This sampling protocol using in-situ monitoring equipment was developed to understand the impact of anthropogenic activities on water levels and quality.

連続的な水文水質ヴァーナル池のモニタリングと

Vernal ponds, also referred to as vernal pools, provide critical ecosystem services and habitat for a variety of threatened and endangered species. ...

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment

Phosphorus (P) is a critical limiting nutrient in agroecosystems requiring careful management to reduce transport risk to aquatic environments. Routine laboratory measures of P bioavailability are based on chemical extractions performed on dried samples under oxidizing conditions. While useful, these tests are limited with respect to characterizing P release under prolonged water saturation. Labile orthophosphate bound to oxidized iron and other metals can rapidly desorb to solution in reducing environments, increasing P mobilization risk to surface runoff and groundwater. To better quantify P desorption potential and mobility during extended saturation, a laboratory microcosm method was developed based on repeated sampling of porewater and overlying floodwater over time. The method is useful for quantifying P release potential from soils and sediments varying in physicochemical properties and can improve site-specific P mitigation efforts by better characterizing P release risk in hydrologically active areas. Advantages of the method include its ability to simulate in situ dynamics, simplicity, low cost, and flexibility.

Accurate quantification of phosphorus (P) desorption potential in saturated soils and sediments is important for P modeling and transport mitigation efforts. To better account for in situ soil-water redox dynamics and P mobilization under prolonged saturation, a simple approach was developed based on repeated sampling of laboratory microcosms.

水質評価のための実験室用微小宇宙におけるリン放出の測定

Phosphorus (P) is a critical limiting nutrient in agroecosystems requiring careful management to reduce transport risk to aquatic environments. Routine ...

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.

The present study aims to demonstrate a systematic procedure for monitoring inorganic carbon induced by enhanced weathering of comminuted rocks in agricultural soils. To this end, the core soil samples taken at different depth (including 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-60 cm profiles) are collected from an agriculture field, the topsoil of which has already been enriched with an alkaline earth metal silicate containing mineral (such as wollastonite). After transporting to the laboratory, the soil samples are air-dried and sieved. Then, the inorganic carbon content of the samples is determined by a volumetric method called calcimetry. The representative results presented herein showed five folded increments of inorganic carbon content in the soils amended with the Ca-silicate compared to control soils. This compositional change was accompanied by more than 1 unit of pH increase in the amended soils, implying high dissolution of the silicate. Mineralogical and morphological analyses, as well as elemental composition, further corroborate the increase in the inorganic carbon content of silicate-amended soils. The sampling and analysis methods presented in this study can be adopted by researchers and professionals looking to trace pedogenic inorganic carbon changes in soils and subsoils, including those amended with other suitable silicate rocks such as basalt and olivine. These methods can also be exploited as tools for verifying soil inorganic carbon sequestration by private and governmental entities to certify and award carbon credits.

The verification method described here is adaptable for monitoring pedogenic inorganic carbon sequestration in various agricultural soils amended with alkaline earth metal silicate-containing rocks, such as wollastonite, basalt, and olivine. This type of validation is essential for carbon credit programs, which can benefit farmers that sequester carbon in their fields.

農業土壌における改正珪酸塩鉱物の風化による、ペド原性無機炭素蓄積のモニタリング

The present study aims to demonstrate a systematic procedure for monitoring inorganic carbon induced by enhanced weathering of comminuted rocks in ...

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

Soil moisture directly affects operational hydrology, food security, ecosystem services, and the climate system. However, the adoption of soil moisture data has been slow due to inconsistent data collection, poor standardization, and typically short record duration. Soil moisture, or quantitatively volumetric soil water content (SWC), is measured using buried, in situ sensors that infer SWC from an electromagnetic response. This signal can vary considerably with local site conditions such as clay content and mineralogy, soil salinity or bulk electrical conductivity, and soil temperature; each of these can have varying impacts depending on the sensor technology.
Furthermore, poor soil contact and sensor degradation can affect the quality of these readings over time. Unlike more traditional environmental sensors, there are no accepted standards, maintenance practices, or quality controls for SWC data. As such, SWC is a challenging measurement for many environmental monitoring networks to implement. Here, we attempt to establish a community-based standard of practice for in situ SWC sensors so that future research and applications have consistent guidance on site selection, sensor installation, data interpretation, and long-term maintenance of monitoring stations.
The videography focuses on a multi-agency consensus of best-practices and recommendations for the installation of in situ SWC sensors. This paper presents an overview of this protocol along with the various steps essential for high-quality and long-term SWC data collection. This protocol will be of use to scientists and engineers hoping to deploy a single station or an entire network.

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

The determination of soil water content is a critical mission requirement for many state and federal agencies. This protocol synthesizes multi-agency efforts to measure soil water content using buried in situ sensors.

その場で 乱されていない土壌の土壌水分センサー

Soil moisture directly affects operational hydrology, food security, ecosystem services, and the climate system. However, the adoption of soil moisture ...

栄養管理のための生物地球化学データの統合可視化

Visualization of Productivity Zones Based on Nitrogen Mass Balance Model in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island

Primary productivity in the coastal regions, linked to eutrophication and hypoxia, provides a critical understanding of ecosystem function. Although primary productivity largely depends on riverine nutrient inputs, estimation of the extent of riverine nutrient influences in the coastal regions is challenging. A nitrogen mass balance model is a practical tool to evaluate coastal ocean productivity to understand biological mechanisms beyond data observations. This study visualizes the biological production zones in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA, where hypoxia frequently occurs, by applying a nitrogen mass balance model. The Bay is divided into three zones - brown, green, and blue zones - based on primary productivity, which are defined by the mass balance model results. Brown, green, and blue zones represent a high physical process, a high biological process, and a low biological process zone, depending on river flow, nutrient concentrations, and mixing rates. The results of this study can better inform nutrient management in the coastal ocean in response to hypoxia and eutrophication.

著者スポットライト:効果的な栄養管理のための河川窒素の影響と一次生産性の理解

Here, we aim to visualize the zonation of biological productivity in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, based on the nitrogen mass balance model. The results will inform nutrient management in the coastal regions to reduce hypoxia and eutrophication.

ロードアイランド州ナラガンセット湾における窒素マスバランスモデルに基づく生産性ゾーンの可視化

Primary productivity in the coastal regions, linked to eutrophication and hypoxia, provides a critical understanding of ecosystem function. Although ...

連続インストリームの栄養素と農業生態系流域における堆積物の監視

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

定量的シナリオ分析フレームワーク内の流域計画

溶存有機物生物地球化学を理解します

農業および都市流出における地表水毒性に伴う汚染物質除去のための植物処理システム

排水のイベント中に水の流れ加重と農業用水路から浮遊微粒子をキャプチャ

連続的な水文水質ヴァーナル池のモニタリングと

水質評価のための実験室用微小宇宙におけるリン放出の測定

農業土壌における改正珪酸塩鉱物の風化による、ペド原性無機炭素蓄積のモニタリング

その場で乱されていない土壌の土壌水分センサー

ロードアイランド州ナラガンセット湾における窒素マスバランスモデルに基づく生産性ゾーンの可視化

ロードアイランド州ナラガンセット湾における窒素マスバランスモデルに基づく生産性ゾーンの可視化

連続インストリームの栄養素と農業生態系流域における堆積物の監視

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

定量的シナリオ分析フレームワーク内の流域計画

溶存有機物生物地球化学を理解します

農業および都市流出における地表水毒性に伴う汚染物質除去のための植物処理システム

排水のイベント中に水の流れ加重と農業用水路から浮遊微粒子をキャプチャ

連続的な水文水質ヴァーナル池のモニタリングと

水質評価のための実験室用微小宇宙におけるリン放出の測定

農業土壌における改正珪酸塩鉱物の風化による、ペド原性無機炭素蓄積のモニタリング

その場で 乱されていない土壌の土壌水分センサー

ロードアイランド州ナラガンセット湾における窒素マスバランスモデルに基づく生産性ゾーンの可視化

ロードアイランド州ナラガンセット湾における窒素マスバランスモデルに基づく生産性ゾーンの可視化

その場で乱されていない土壌の土壌水分センサー