この作品は、T32DK098107、P30DK072488 (N.A.Z.) R01DK102001 (N.A.Z.) によって支えられた (T.L.H. および J.E.N.)。

<ol>
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R., Ullmann, B., Schilling, T. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stages+of+embryonic+development+of+the+zebrafish.">Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish.</a> Dev Dyn. 203 (3), 253-310 (1995).</li><li>Samsa, L. A., Fleming, N., Magness, S., Qian, L., Liu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+Characterization+of+Single+Cells+from+Zebrafish+Embryos.">Isolation and Characterization of Single Cells from Zebrafish Embryos.</a> J Vis Exp. (109), (2016).</li><li>. IDT Primerquest Tool Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.idtdna.com/Primerquest/Home/Index">https://www.idtdna.com/Primerquest/Home/Index</a> (2017)</li><li>Heid, C. A., Stevens, J., Livak, K. J., Williams, P. 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著者が明らかに何もありません。

このプロトコルで記述されているアプローチでは、全体の動物または特定のソートされた細胞集団のトランスクリプトーム レベル分析のため比較的迅速かつコスト効果の高い戦略を提供しています。ゼブラフィッシュのため使いやすさと出発物質、遺伝の実装の容易さや実験環境と大規模な可用性の大量の生成で、急速に研究のこのタイプの有利なモデルを提供します。細胞型の特定および...

遺伝子発現の比較分析、観察された表現型に貢献する新規の遺伝子を識別するために貴重なツールです。そのような分析は通常トラン スクリプトの豊富な比較実験の定量的評価に依存し、サンプルを制御します。QRT PCR など、ターゲットを絞ったアプローチが比較的迅速かつ単一遺伝子発現変動の調査のため正確です。RNA シーケンス (RNASeq) ことが今このような調査のための標準実験システム間でサンプル間の遺伝子発現の重要な変更を識別するために広い、無料の仮説のアプローチを提供しています。
ゼブラフィッシュは、多くの病気の分野で著名なモデルとして浮上しています。もともと彼らの高い多産と比較的低コスト、メンテナンスのための発生生物学研究でのユーティリティ ゼブラフィッシュの実験的使用として同様の大人の段階に胚から表現の広い範囲を含むように進化している、1,2,3の試金の分子の広い配列。確かに、これらの利点は、分子機構の研究は急速な人生のすべての段階で遺伝と環境両方の操作のしやすさと材料の大きい量を獲得しやすいのためコスト効果の高い結合します。さらに、ゼブラフィッシュの胚・仔魚の透過的な性質作る離散セル人口4の生体内可視化を許可する細胞と組織特異遺伝子改変レポーター行を生成するために理想的。このような行の搾取レポーター遺伝子発現に基づく特定の孤立セル型グローバル遺伝子発現解析が可能です。
ゼブラフィッシュ胚の培養後 RNASeq を使用して世界的な遺伝子発現解析のための包括的なプロトコルをご紹介します。Morpholino (MO) を含む遺伝子の実験操作-ベースの一過的遺伝子ノックダウンや CRISPR を介したゲノム編集、提示されている他5,6,7。したがって、全体の胚からの RNA の隔離のための詳しいプロトコルに焦点を当てるまたは経路ツールと遺伝子の ontology (GO) の用語を使用して RNASeq 結果の簡単な解析に続いてトランスジェニック レポーター発現細胞を並べ替えられます。最後に、我々 は定量的逆転写 PCR (qRT PCR) による遺伝子発現変動の検証のための戦略を含まれています。これらのプロトコルは、ゼブラフィッシュ胚の遺伝的変異体または環境条件の比較を含む、実験の条件の広い範囲を受けるに適用されます。

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Commercial Reagents&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TriZol</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>15596026</td><td>lysis reagent</td></tr><tr><td>TrypLE</td><td>Gibco</td><td>12604013</td><td>dissociation buffer 1</td></tr><tr><td>FACSMax</td><td>Genlantis</td><td>T200100</td><td>dissociation buffer 2</td></tr><tr><td>DEPC-treated water</td><td>Sigma</td><td>95284</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FirstStrand cDNA conversion</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>K1621</td><td>cDNA conversion kit</td></tr><tr><td>2X SYBR Green Master Mix</td><td>Roche</td><td>4707516001</td><td>qRT-PCR Master Mix</td></tr><tr><td>FACS buffer</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>50-105-9042</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>chloroform</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>288306</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>sodium acetate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>S2889</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Zebrafish Strains&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tuebingen</td><td>ZIRC</td><td>ZL57</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ins2a:mCherry</td><td>ZIRC</td><td>ZL1483</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40 micron cell strainer</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS431750</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FACS tube</td><td>BD Falcon</td><td>352063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>hemocytometer</td><td>Sigma</td><td>Z359629</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting Microscope</td><td>Zeiss</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Inverted Microscope</td><td>Zeiss</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nanodrop</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Illumina HiSeq</td><td>Illumina</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LightCycler 480</td><td>Roche</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mating tanks 1.0L Crossing Tank Set</td><td>Aquaneering</td><td>ZHCT100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FACS tube 5 mL polypropylene tube</td><td>BD Falcon</td><td>352063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Software&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Excel</td><td>Microsoft</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Consensus Path DB</td><td>http://cpdb.molgen.mpg.de/</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GO Enrichment Analysis</td><td>http://geneontology.org/page/go-enrichment-analysis</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

sample preparation and analysis of rnaseq-based gene expression data from zebrafish

グローバル遺伝子発現変動の解析は、観察された表現型の基になる新規経路を識別するための貴重なツールです。ゼブラフィッシュは動物の多数からの RNA の隔離のしやすさのため全体動物または個々 の細胞集団から全体のトランスクリプトームの迅速な評価の優れたモデルです。ここで RNA シーケンス (RNASeq) を用いたゼブラフィッシュ胚におけるグローバル遺伝子発現解析のためのプロトコルが表示されます。我々 は胚やトランスジェニック動物の細胞を用いての細胞集団から RNA の準備について説明します。濃縮経路と Gene Ontology (GO) 用語的遺伝子発現データセットを識別するために RNASeq データの解析のためのアプローチについて述べる。最後に、定量的逆転写 PCR (qRT PCR) を用いた遺伝子発現変動の検証のためのプロトコルを提供します。これらのプロトコルは、新規遺伝子発現変動を識別するためにコントロールの比較分析およびゼブラフィッシュの実験セットを使用ことができ、興味の表現型への分子洞察力を提供します。

遺伝子を発現特異的の並べ替え。
ゼブラフィッシュ モデル Alström 症候群とバルデ-ビードル症候群 (BBS) の幼虫の段階で発現が異なる遺伝子を識別するためには、いずれかのalms1を対象としたまたは注入によってbbs1の成績証明書は以前に MOs のスプライス ブロックを検証野生型のゼブラフィッシュの胚の<sup class...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sample Preparation and Analysis of RNASeq-based Gene Expression Data from Zebrafish at JoVE.com

Sample Preparation and Analysis of RNASeq-based Gene Expression Data from Zebrafish

サンプル準備およびゼブラフィッシュから RNASeq による遺伝子発現データの解析

このプロトコルは、ゼブラフィッシュの胚は、幼虫から全体のトランスクリプトーム解析手法を提案またはセルを並べ替えられます。我々 には、RNA の隔離、RNASeq データの経路解析と遺伝子発現変動の qRT PCR による検証。

The analysis of global gene expression changes is a valuable tool for identifying novel pathways underlying observed phenotypes. The zebrafish is an ...

sample-preparation-analysis-rnaseq-based-gene-expression-data-from

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

10.7K ビュー.  University of Maryland School of Medicine. このプロトコルは、ゼブラフィッシュの胚は、幼虫から全体のトランスクリプトーム解析手法を提案またはセルを並べ替えられます。我々 には、RNA の隔離、RNASeq データの経路解析と遺伝子発現変動の qRT PCR による検証。

ビデオ: Sample Preparation and Analysis of RNASeq-based Gene Expression Data from Zebrafish

Large-scale Zebrafish Embryonic Heart Dissection for Transcriptional Analysis

The zebrafish embryonic heart is composed of only a few hundred cells, representing only a small fraction of the entire embryo. Therefore, to prevent the cardiac transcriptome from being masked by the global embryonic transcriptome, it is necessary to collect sufficient numbers of hearts for further analyses. Furthermore, as zebrafish cardiac development proceeds rapidly, heart collection and RNA extraction methods need to be quick in order to ensure homogeneity of the samples. Here, we present a rapid manual dissection protocol for collecting functional/beating hearts from zebrafish embryos. This is an essential prerequisite for subsequent cardiac-specific RNA extraction to determine cardiac-specific gene expression levels by transcriptome analyses, such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The method is based on differential adhesive properties of the zebrafish embryonic heart compared with other tissues; this allows for the rapid physical separation of cardiac from extracardiac tissue by a combination of fluidic shear force disruption, stepwise filtration and manual collection of transgenic fluorescently labeled hearts.

To analyse cardiac gene expression profiles during zebrafish heart development, total RNA has to be extracted from isolated hearts. Here, we present a protocol for collecting functional/beating hearts by rapid manual dissection from zebrafish embryos to obtain cardiac-specific mRNA.

転写分析のための大規模ゼブラフィッシュ胚心臓解剖

The zebrafish embryonic heart is composed of only a few hundred cells, representing only a small fraction of the entire embryo. Therefore, to prevent the ...

発生生物学

Profiling DNA Replication Timing Using Zebrafish as an In Vivo Model System

DNA replication timing is an important cellular characteristic, exhibiting significant relationships with chromatin structure, transcription, and DNA mutation rates. Changes in replication timing occur during development and in cancer, but the role replication timing plays in development and disease is not known. Zebrafish were recently established as an in vivo model system to study replication timing. Here is detailed the protocols for using the zebrafish to determine DNA replication timing. After sorting cells from embryos and adult zebrafish, high-resolution genome-wide DNA replication timing patterns can be constructed by determining changes in DNA copy number through analysis of next generation sequencing data. The zebrafish model system allows for evaluation of the replication timing changes that occur in vivo throughout development, and can also be used to assess changes in individual cell types, disease models, or mutant lines. These methods will enable studies investigating the mechanisms and determinants of replication timing establishment and maintenance during development, the role replication timing plays in mutations and tumorigenesis, and the effects of perturbing replication timing on development and disease.

Profiling DNA Replication Timing Using Zebrafish as an In Vivo Model System

Zebrafish were recently used as an in vivo model system to study DNA replication timing during development. Here is detailed the protocols for using zebrafish embryos to profile replication timing. This protocol can be easily adapted to study replication timing in mutants, individual cell types, disease models, and other species.

In Vivoモデル システムとしてゼブラフィッシュを用いた DNA 複製タイミングのプロファイリング

DNA replication timing is an important cellular characteristic, exhibiting significant relationships with chromatin structure, transcription, and DNA ...

遺伝学

Isolation and Characterization of Single Cells from Zebrafish Embryos

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism to study vertebrate development. Though many aspects of zebrafish embryonic development have been described at the morphological level, little is known about the molecular basis of cellular changes that occur as the organism develops. With recent advancements in microfluidics and multiplexing technologies, it is now possible to characterize gene expression in single cells. This allows for investigation of heterogeneity between individual cells of specific cell populations to identify and classify cell subtypes, characterize intermediate states that occur during cell differentiation, and explore differential cellular responses to stimuli. This study describes a protocol to isolate viable, single cells from zebrafish embryos for high throughput multiplexing assays. This method may be rapidly applied to any zebrafish embryonic cell type with fluorescent markers. An extension of this method may also be used in combination with high throughput sequencing technologies to fully characterize the transcriptome of single cells. As proof of principle, the relative abundance of cardiac differentiation markers was assessed in isolated, single cells derived from nkx2.5 positive cardiac progenitors. By evaluation of gene expression at the single cell level and at a single time point, the data support a model in which cardiac progenitors coexist with differentiating progeny. The method and work flow described here is broadly applicable to the zebrafish research community, requiring only a labeled transgenic fish line and access to microfluidics technologies.

This protocol describes a method for isolating single cells from zebrafish embryos, enriching for cells of interest, capturing zebrafish cells in microfluidic based single cell multiplex systems, and assessing gene expression from single cells.

ゼブラフィッシュ胚からの単一細胞の単離とキャラクタリゼーション

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism to study vertebrate development. Though many aspects of zebrafish embryonic development have been ...

RNA Isolation from Embryonic Zebrafish and cDNA Synthesis for Gene Expression Analysis

Many important and complex laboratory procedures require an input of high quality, intact RNA.  A degraded sample or the presence of impurities can lead to disastrous results in downstream experimental applications.  It is therefore, of utmost importance to use solid techniques with numerous safeguards and quality control checks to ensure a superior sample.  Herein, we detail a protocol to isolate total RNA from whole zebrafish embryos using a commercially available chemical denaturant and subsequent cleanup to remove traces of DNA and impurities using a commercial RNA isolation kit. As RNA is relatively unstable and easily prone to cleavage by RNAses, most protocols assay gene expression using a cDNA product that is directly synthesized from an RNA template. We detail a procedure to convert RNA into the more stable cDNA product using a commercially available kit. Throughout these procedures there are numerous quality control checks to ensure that the sample is not degraded or contaminated.  The end product of these protocols is cDNA that is suitable for microarray analysis, RT-PCR or long-term storage.    

The isolation of high quality, intact RNA is an essential step in many laboratory protocols. Here, we demonstrate RNA extraction from whole zebrafish embryos and cDNA synthesis for subsequent application in various experimental procedures including gene expression microarray analysis.

遺伝子発現解析のための胚ゼブラフィッシュとcDNA合成からのRNA分離

Many important and complex laboratory procedures require an input of high quality, intact RNA.  A degraded sample or the presence of impurities can lead ...

生物学

Global Gene Expression Analysis Using a Zebrafish Oligonucleotide Microarray Platform

Gene microarray technology permits quantitative measurement and gene expression profiling of transcript levels on a genome-wide basis. Gene microarray technology is used in numerous biological disciplines in a variety of applications including global gene expression analysis in relation to developmental stage, to a disease state, and in toxic responses. Herein, we include a demonstration of global gene expression analysis using a comprehensive zebrafish-specific oligonucleotide microarray platform. The zebrafish expression microarray platform contains 385,000 probes, 60 base pairs in length, interrogating 37,157 targets with up to 12 probes per target. For this platform, all cDNA and genomic information available for the zebrafish was collected from various genomic databases including Ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org), VEGA (http://vega.sanger.ac.uk), UCSC (http://genome.ucsc.edu), and ZFIN (http://www.zfin.org). As a result this expression array provides complete coverage of the current zebrafish transcriptome. The zebrafish expression microarray was printed by Roche NimbleGen (Madison, WI). This technical demonstration includes the fluorescent labeling of a cDNA product, hybridization of the labeled cDNA product to the microarray platform, and array scanning for signal acquisition using the one color analysis strategy.  

Gene microarrays are powerful tools in gene expression profiling at a genome-wide level. This technology has application in a variety of biological disciplines including developmental biology and toxicology. In this video, we detail a protocol for global gene expression analysis using a comprehensive oligonucleotide microarray platform for the zebrafish.

ゼブラフィッシュオリゴヌクレオチドのマイクロアレイプラットフォームを使用してグローバルな遺伝子発現解析

Gene microarray technology permits quantitative measurement and gene expression profiling of transcript levels on a genome-wide basis. Gene microarray ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>CRISPR/Cas9ノックインを用いたゼブラフィッシュ幼生の蛍光タンパク質標識

Fluorescence Labeling to Visualize Low-Expressed Proteins in Zebrafish

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in (KI) technology allows for easier fluorescent-protein tagging in zebrafish (Danio rerio), a preferred model organism for in vivo imaging due to its transparency during the early developmental stage. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for performing high-efficiency fluorescence gene KI, rapid screening for KI founders, and low-abundance protein tracing in zebrafish larvae, which will lay a critical foundation for subsequent physio-pathological studies in zebrafish. The current protocol includes complete steps for the sgRNA design for the gene of interest, sgRNA in vitro transcription, Cas9 mRNA in vitro transcription, in vivo sgRNA screen for the one with the highest efficiency, donor plasmid design and construction, microinjection in zebrafish larvae, KI founder screen and zebrafish live imaging. Critical steps, troubleshooting tips, quality control methods, and advantages and applications of this protocol are included and discussed. This protocol assures quick and accurate results at a low cost and has been validated by multiple trials.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>ゼブラフィッシュの低発現タンパク質を可視化するための蛍光標識

Here, we present a protocol to label proteins with a fluorescence protein tag in zebrafish larvae, a newly developed and modified in vivo system especially useful for visualizing low-abundance proteins in zebrafish.

ゼブラフィッシュの低発現タンパク質を可視化するための蛍光標識

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in (KI) technology allows for easier fluorescent-protein tagging in zebrafish (Danio rerio), a preferred model organism for in ...

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for the complex regulation of cell fate decisions and developmental timing. In vivo studies of the contribution of miRNAs during early development are technically challenging due to the limiting cell number. Moreover, many approaches require a miRNA of interest to be defined in assays such as northern blotting, microarray, and qPCR. Therefore, the expression of many miRNAs and their isoforms have not been studied during early development. Here, we demonstrate a protocol for small RNA sequencing of sorted cells from early mouse embryos to enable relatively unbiased profiling of miRNAs in early populations of neural crest cells. We overcome the challenges of low cell input and size selection during library preparation using amplification and gel-based purification. We identify embryonic age as a variable accounting for variation between replicates and stage-matched mouse embryos must be used to accurately profile miRNAs in biological replicates. Our results suggest that this method can be broadly applied to profile the expression of miRNAs from other lineages of cells. In summary, this protocol can be used to study how miRNAs regulate developmental programs in different cell lineages of the early mouse embryo.

We describe a technique for profiling microRNAs in early mouse embryos. This protocol overcomes the challenge of low cell input and small RNA enrichment. This assay can be used to analyze changes in miRNA expression over time in different cell lineages of the early mouse embryo.

初期マウス胚からのシーケンシングのための小型RNAライブラリーの調製

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for the complex regulation of cell fate decisions and developmental timing. In vivo studies of the contribution of miRNAs ...

Examining Muscle Regeneration in Zebrafish Models of Muscle Disease

Skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to regenerate following injury, which is driven by obligate tissue resident muscle stem cells. Following injury, the muscle stem cell is activated and undergoes cell proliferation to generate a pool of myoblasts, which subsequently differentiate to form new muscle fibers. In many muscle wasting conditions, including muscular dystrophy and ageing, this process is impaired resulting in the inability of muscle to regenerate. The process of muscle regeneration in zebrafish is highly conserved with mammalian systems providing an excellent system to study muscle stem cell function and regeneration, in muscle wasting conditions such as muscular dystrophy. Here, we present a method to examine muscle regeneration in zebrafish models of muscle disease. The first step involves the use of a genotyping platform that allows the determination of the genotype of the larvae prior to eliciting an injury. Having determined the genotype, the muscle is injured using a needle stab, following which polarizing light microscopy is used to determine the extent of muscle regeneration. We therefore provide a high throughput pipeline which allows the examination of muscle regeneration in zebrafish models of muscle disease.

Skeletal muscle regeneration is driven by tissue resident muscle stem cells, which are impaired in many muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophy, and this results in the inability of muscle to regenerate. Here, we describe a protocol that allows the examination of muscle regeneration in zebrafish models of muscle disease.

ゼブラフィッシュモデルの筋肉再生を調べる

Skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to regenerate following injury, which is driven by obligate tissue resident muscle stem cells. Following injury, ...

サンプル準備およびゼブラフィッシュから RNASeq による遺伝子発現データの解析

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転写分析のための大規模ゼブラフィッシュ胚心臓解剖

In Vivoモデルシステムとしてゼブラフィッシュを用いた DNA 複製タイミングのプロファイリング

ゼブラフィッシュ胚からの単一細胞の単離とキャラクタリゼーション

遺伝子発現解析のための胚ゼブラフィッシュとcDNA合成からのRNA分離

ゼブラフィッシュオリゴヌクレオチドのマイクロアレイプラットフォームを使用してグローバルな遺伝子発現解析

ゼブラフィッシュの低発現タンパク質を可視化するための蛍光標識

ゼブラフィッシュの低発現タンパク質を可視化するための蛍光標識

ゼブラフィッシュの低発現タンパク質を可視化するための蛍光標識

初期マウス胚からのシーケンシングのための小型RNAライブラリーの調製

ゼブラフィッシュモデルの筋肉再生を調べる

サンプル準備およびゼブラフィッシュから RNASeq による遺伝子発現データの解析

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

転写分析のための大規模ゼブラフィッシュ胚心臓解剖

In Vivoモデル システムとしてゼブラフィッシュを用いた DNA 複製タイミングのプロファイリング

ゼブラフィッシュ胚からの単一細胞の単離とキャラクタリゼーション

遺伝子発現解析のための胚ゼブラフィッシュとcDNA合成からのRNA分離

ゼブラフィッシュオリゴヌクレオチドのマイクロアレイプラットフォームを使用してグローバルな遺伝子発現解析

ゼブラフィッシュの低発現タンパク質を可視化するための蛍光標識

ゼブラフィッシュの低発現タンパク質を可視化するための蛍光標識

ゼブラフィッシュの低発現タンパク質を可視化するための蛍光標識

初期マウス胚からのシーケンシングのための小型RNAライブラリーの調製

ゼブラフィッシュモデルの筋肉再生を調べる

In Vivoモデルシステムとしてゼブラフィッシュを用いた DNA 複製タイミングのプロファイリング