この作品は、韓国の国立研究財団から研究助成金によって支えられた (許可番号: 2017M2A2A6A01070858)。

1. クエン酸安定化金ナノ粒子の合成
<ol><li>3:1 の体積比で 2 首丸底フラスコ (250 mL)、王水、濃塩酸と濃硝酸の混合物を磁気攪拌棒を洗ってください。 注意: 王水ソリューションは非常に腐食性、爆発可能性があります。 または皮膚火傷細心の注意と処理されていない場合。</li>
	<li>徹底的に残留酸水溶液を削除する脱イオン水でガラスをすすいでください。</li>
	<li>2 首丸底フラスコ (250 mL) に塩化金酸溶液 (HAuCl4, 1 mM) 120 mL を加えて一定攪拌下で逆流するそれを熱します。</li>
	<li>2 首丸底フラスコに迅速にクエン酸ナトリウム第三 (35 mM) 溶液 12 mL を追加し、金の塩の完全な減少のための別の 20 分間得られた混合物を還流します。</li>
	<li>室温まで冷却する (ディープレッド) ナノ粒子のコロイド懸濁液を許可します。</li>
	<li>520 の波長紫外可視分光法による金ナノ粒子 (結果) の濃度の測定 nm (2.8 x 10 の消散係数8) 石英キュベット (1 cm パスの長さ) を使用します。</li>
	<li>カーボン被覆銅グリッド (400 メッシュ) 上に金ナノ粒子を懸濁液の一滴を追加し、室温で乾燥します。透過型電子顕微鏡 (TEM) と金ナノ粒子のサイズを測定します。</li>
	<li>コロイド状金ナノ粒子懸濁液を 4 ° C で維持します。</li>
</ol>2. ハイブリッド膜 (Au-CAM) の準備
<ol><li>注射器ユニットを用いた金ナノ粒子に埋め込まれた膜フィルターの準備<ol>
<li>セルロース アセテート膜を洗浄 (細孔サイズ: 0.45 μ m, 径: 25 mm) 3 回のフィルター ユニットを脱イオン水 (10 mL) でサポートされています。</li>
		<li>クエン酸安定化金ナノ粒子の 10 mL を撤回 (10 nM) 滅菌注射器 (20 mL) とし、ゆっくり中古洗浄セルロース アセテート膜フィルター (図 1) に追加。</li>
		<li>10 ml の脱イオン水フィルター ユニットを 3 回洗浄を固定化した金ナノ粒子を削除します。 注: セルロース アセテート膜に固定化した金ナノ粒子は非常に安定した、化学的性質の安定性失うことがなく数週間の周囲条件下で Au カムを格納できるため。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>真空ポンプによる金ナノ粒子膜フィルターの準備<ol>
<li>セルロース アセテート膜を配置 (細孔サイズ: 0.45 μ m, 径: 47 mm) フィルター ホルダー フリット ガラス サポート間 (径: 40 mm) と卒業目標到達プロセス (300 mL)。</li>
		<li>ガラスフリット ガラス サポートの組み合わせたユニットを接続し、リカバリ フラスコ (500 mL) と真空ポンプに漏斗を卒業します。</li>
		<li>クエン酸安定化金ナノ粒子の 10 mL を追加 (10 nM) 卒業生に漏斗し、セルロース アセテート膜を介してすべての結果が渡されるまで、真空を適用 (約 20 秒)。</li>
		<li>膜の両側に金ナノ粒子を固定化膜の反対側に同じ手順 (ステップ 2.2.3) を繰り返します。</li>
		<li>15 最大加速電圧と高速条件下で走査型電子顕微鏡 (SEM) を使用して Au カムの表面を分析 kV (図 2d)。 注: 高塩状態でカム Au ナノ粒子の安定性をチェックする 2 時間 1.0 M NaCl 水溶液に浸っていた複合膜と、Au カムの安定性を確認する目視検査を行った。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. バッチ システムで Au カムを用いた放射性ヨウ素の吸着
<ol><li>放射性ヨウ素を希釈 ([125私] ナイ、2.2 MBq) 3 mL の純水、1.0 M の NaCl、か 10 に nM ナイし、シャーレ (50 mm 径 × 15 mm 高さ) に各ソリューションを追加。 注意: 酸化放射性ヨウ素揮発することができます、適切な鉛シールドで処理する必要があります、バイアルをリードします。炭フィルター換気フードでは、放射のすべての手順を行わなければならないし、実験手順放射能探知機によって監視される必要があります。</li>
	<li>放射性ヨウ素の溶液に真空フィルターを使用して準備されている Au カムを配置し、室温でそれらを軽く振る。</li>
	<li>ペトリ皿から放射性ヨード液の 10 μ L を撤回特定の時間の時点で (0、5、10、30、60、120 分) し、自動の γ-カウンターを使用して因数の放射能を測定します。</li>
	<li>120 分後精製水で Au カムを洗うし、膜自動 γ カウンター (図 3) を使用してキャプチャされた放射能の量を測定します。</li>
</ol>4 連続的なフローの条件下で放射性ヨウ素の淡水化
<ol><li>放射性ヨウ素アニオンの除去 (125私-) Au カム フィルターを使用して<ol>
<li>50 ml の純水、PBS 1 x, 1.0 M NaCl、0.1 M NaOH、0.1 M HCl、10 mM CsCl、10 mM SrCl2、合成尿、または海水の放射性ヨウ素 (3.7 MBq) を解散します。</li>
		<li>滅菌シリンジ (50 mL) の各ソリューションの 50 mL を撤回し、シリンジ ポンプ (図 1) を使用して約 1.5 mL/秒のフローのレートで Au カム フィルター ユニットを通過します。</li>
		<li>プラスチックバイアル ソリューションで放射能を定量化するために、ろ液 5 mL を転送します。</li>
		<li>自動 γ カウンター (図 4) を使って、濾液溶液中の残留放射能の量を測定します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Au カム フィルターの再利用性試験<ol>
<li>海水 (3.7 MBq/50 mL) や合成の尿で放射性ヨウ素を溶解します。</li>
		<li>滅菌シリンジ (50 mL)、ソリューションの 50 mL を撤回し、シリンジ ポンプを使用して約 1.5 mL/秒のフローのレートで Au カム フィルター ユニットに追加。</li>
		<li>Au カム フィルター単体を使用して 7 回の同じ濾過手順 (ステップ 4.2.2) を繰り返します。</li>
		<li>プラスチックバイアル ソリューションで放射能を定量化するために、ろ液 5 mL を転送します。</li>
		<li>自動 γ カウンターを用いた 7 つの濾液ソリューションにおける放射能の量を測定します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+nanocomposite+materials+for+efficient+and+selective+mercury+ions+capturing+from+wastewater.">Novel nanocomposite materials for efficient and selective mercury ions capturing from wastewater.</a> Chemical Engineering Journal. 307, 456-465 (2017).</li><li>Awual, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solid+phase+sensitive+palladium(II)+ions+detection+and+recovery+using+ligand+based+efficient+conjugate+nanomaterials.">Solid phase sensitive palladium(II) ions detection and recovery using ligand based efficient conjugate nanomaterials.</a> Chemical Engineering Journal. 300, 264-272 (2016).</li><li>Awual, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+of+lead(III)+capturing+from+contaminated+wastewater+using+ligand+doped+conjugate+adsorbent.">Assessing of lead(III) capturing from contaminated wastewater using ligand doped conjugate adsorbent.</a> Chemical Engineering Journal. 289, 65-73 (2016).</li><li>Awual, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+facial+composite+adsorbent+for+enhanced+copper+(II)+detection+and+removal+from+wastewater.">A novel facial composite adsorbent for enhanced copper (II) detection and removal from wastewater.</a> Chemical Engineering Journal. 266, 368-375 (2015).</li><li>Kaushik, M., Moores, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Review:+nanocelluloses+as+versatile+supports+for+metal+nanoparticles+and+their+applications+in+catalysis.">Review: nanocelluloses as versatile supports for metal nanoparticles and their applications in catalysis.</a> Green Chemistry. 18, 622-637 (2016).</li><li>Jang, H., Kim, Y. K., Ryoo, S. R., Kim, M. H., Min, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facile+synthesis+of+robust+and+biocompatible+gold+nanoparticles.">Facile synthesis of robust and biocompatible gold nanoparticles.</a> Chemical Communication. 46, 583-585 (2010).</li><li>Bolisetty, S., Mezzenga, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amyloid-carbon+hybrid+membranes+for+universal+water+purification.">Amyloid-carbon hybrid membranes for universal water purification.</a> Nature Nanotechnology. 11, 365-371 (2016).</li><li>Zakrzewska-Trznadel, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+membrane+technologies+for+the+treatment+of+liquid+radioactive+waste.">Advances in membrane technologies for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste.</a> Desalination. 321, 119-130 (2013).</li><li>Rana, D., Matsuura, T., Kassim, M. A., Ismail, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radioactive+decontamination+of+water+by+membrane+processes+-+A+review.">Radioactive decontamination of water by membrane processes - A review.</a> Desalination. 321, 77-92 (2013).</li></ol>

著者が明らかに何もありません。

近年、様々 なナノと膜が吸着技術25,26,に彼らの特定の機能に基づく水質有害放射性金属や重金属を除去する開発されています。27,28,29,30,31,32,33,...

数十年、医療機関、研究施設、原子力発電所の放射性液体廃棄物の膨大な量が生成されました。これらの汚染物質は、環境および人間の健康1,2,3への明白な脅威をよくされています。特に、放射性ヨウ素は、原子力発電所事故から最も危険な要素の 1 つとして認識されます。たとえば、環境報福島とチェルノブイリ原子炉の量は、放射性のヨウ素131を含むを発表したことを示した (t1/2 = 8.02 日) と129私 (t1/2 =1570 万年) 環境にいた他の放射性核種の4,の5のそれらより大きかった。特に、これらの放射性同位元素の露出は、高吸収とひと甲状腺6にエンリッチメントで起因しました。さらに、リリースされた放射性ヨウ素は水で土壌・海水・地下水の高い容解性のための深刻な汚染を引き起こします。水溶性廃棄物7,8,9,10で放射性ヨウ素をキャプチャするため、さまざまな無機および有機性吸着剤を用いた修復プロセスの多くを行った,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20. 高度な吸着システムの開発に多大な努力がなされて、連続流の下で満足のいく性能を示す除染方法の確立だった非常に限られました。最近では、我々 は金ナノ粒子 (結果)21,22のハイブリッド ナノ複合材料を使用して良い除去効率、イオン選択性、持続性、再利用性を示す新しい海水淡水化プロセスを報告,23。 その中で、金ナノ粒子に埋め込まれたセルロース アセテート膜 (Au-CAM) は比較した既存の吸着材の連続フロー システムの下でヨウ化物イオンの高効率脱塩を促進します。さらに、全体の手順は、医療・産業用アプリケーションで後の使用から生成された核廃棄物の処置のためのもう一つの利点は短時間で終了できます。この原稿の全体的な目標は、Au カム24の準備のためのステップバイ ステップのプロトコルを提供することです。また設計された複合膜を用いた放射性ヨウ素のイオンの捕獲のため迅速で簡便なろ過のプロセスを示します。本報告では詳細なプロトコルはナノ材料環境学研究分野での有用なアプリケーションを提供します。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid</td><td>DUKSAN</td><td>1129</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nitric acid&amp;nbsp;</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>37335-1250</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chloroautic chloride trihydrate (HAuCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;middot;3H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>254169</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>71402</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>[&lt;sup&gt;125&lt;/sup&gt;I]NaI&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Perkin-Elmer</td><td>NEZ033A010MC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium chloride</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>S9888</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium iodide</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>383112</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>S5881</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lithium L-lactate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>L2250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Citric acid</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>C1909</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydrogen carbonate</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>43305-1250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Urea</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>U1250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Calcium chloride</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>18230-0301</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium sulfate</td><td>SAMCHUN</td><td>M0146</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium dihydrogen phosphate</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>84185A1250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>84120-1250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium sulfate</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>83260-1250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium chloride</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>A9434</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Sea water</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>S9148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1x PBS</td><td>Thermo</td><td>SH30256.01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cellulose acetate membranes (pore size: 0.20 &amp;mu;m, diameter: 25 mm)</td><td>Advantec MFS</td><td>25CS045AS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cellulose acetate membranes (pore size: 0.20 &amp;mu;m, diameter: 47 mm)</td><td>Advantec MFS</td><td>C045A047A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>47 mm Glass Microanalysis Holders</td><td>Advantec MFS</td><td>KG47(311400)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dish (50 mm diameter &amp;acute; 15 mm height)</td><td>SPL</td><td>10050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gamma counter</td><td>Perkin-Elmer</td><td>2480 WIZARD&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</td><td>Model number</td></tr><tr><td>UV-vis spectrophotometer</td><td>Thermo</td><td>GENESYS 10</td><td>Model number</td></tr><tr><td>Transmission electron microscopy</td><td>Hitachi</td><td>H-7650</td><td>Model number</td></tr><tr><td>Field Emission Scanning electron microscope</td><td>FEI</td><td>Verios 460L</td><td>Model number</td></tr></tbody></table>

an efficient method for selective desalination of radioactive iodine anions by using gold nanoparticles-embedded membrane filter

ここでは、複合膜のナノ材料に埋め込まれたおよび放射性ヨウ素の効率的かつイオンの除去への応用の準備の詳細プロトコルを示す.クエン酸安定化金ナノ粒子を用いた (平均直径: 13 nm) と酢酸セルロース膜、金ナノ粒子に埋め込まれたセルロース アセテート膜 (Au-CAM) を簡単に行った。Au カムでナノ吸着剤は無機塩および有機分子高濃度の存在下で安定性の高い.水溶液中におけるヨウ化物イオンは、この人工の膜によって急速にキャプチャできます。Au カム含むフィルター ユニット、優れた除去効率を使用してろ過プロセスを通じて (> 99%) と同様、イオン選択性海水淡水化結果が短時間で達成されました。また、Au カムは、その性能が顕著に減少することがなく再利用を提供しました。設計されたハイブリッド膜を利用した現在の技術、液体廃棄物からの放射性ヨウ素の大規模除染の有望なプロセスであることが示唆されました。

Au カム クエン酸安定化金ナノ粒子と酢酸セルロース膜 (図 1、) を使用しての作製のための簡単な方法を説明してきました。Au カムの表面は、ナノ材料がナノファイバー (図 2) に安定的に組み込まれた示した SEM で観察されました。ナノ粒子膜で投獄安定維持され、1.0 M 塩化ナトリウムなどの水溶液を継続的な?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter at JoVE.com

An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter

いくつかの水溶液中における放射性ヨウ素の迅速かつイオン選択性の淡水化のための効率的な方法は、金ナノ粒子を固定化したセルロース アセテート膜フィルターを使用して説明します。

金ナノ粒子に埋め込まれた膜フィルターを用いた放射性ヨウ素アニオン選択性淡水化の効率的な方法

Here, we demonstrate a detail protocol for the preparation of nanomaterials-embedded composite membranes and its application to the efficient and ...

an-efficient-method-for-selective-desalination-radioactive-iodine

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

7.3K ビュー.  Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. いくつかの水溶液中における放射性ヨウ素の迅速かつイオン選択性の淡水化のための効率的な方法は、金ナノ粒子を固定化したセルロース アセテート膜フィルターを使用して説明します。

ビデオ: An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography

The highly diastereoselective preparation of cis-N-Ts-iodoaziridines through reaction of diiodomethyllithium with N-Ts aldimines is described. Diiodomethyllithium is prepared by the deprotonation of diiodomethane with LiHMDS, in a THF/diethyl ether mixture, at -78 &#176;C in the dark. These conditions are essential for the stability of the LiCHI2 reagent generated. The subsequent dropwise addition of N-Ts aldimines to the preformed diiodomethyllithium solution affords an amino-diiodide intermediate, which is not isolated. Rapid warming of the reaction mixture to 0 &#176;C promotes cyclization to afford iodoaziridines with exclusive cis-diastereoselectivity. The addition and cyclization stages of the reaction are mediated in one reaction flask by careful temperature control.
Due to the sensitivity of the iodoaziridines to purification, assessment of suitable methods of purification is required. A protocol to assess the stability of sensitive compounds to stationary phases for column chromatography is described. This method is suitable to apply to new iodoaziridines, or other potentially sensitive novel compounds. Consequently this method may find application in range of synthetic projects. The procedure involves firstly the assessment of the reaction yield, prior to purification, by 1H NMR spectroscopy with comparison to an internal standard. Portions of impure product mixture are then exposed to slurries of various stationary phases appropriate for chromatography, in a solvent system suitable as the eluent in flash chromatography. After stirring for 30 min to mimic chromatography, followed by filtering, the samples are analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Calculated yields for each stationary phase are then compared to that initially obtained from the crude reaction mixture. The results obtained provide a quantitative assessment of the stability of the compound to the different stationary phases; hence the optimal can be selected. The choice of basic alumina, modified to activity IV, as a suitable stationary phase has allowed isolation of certain iodoaziridines in excellent yield and purity.

A protocol for the diastereoselective one-pot preparation of cis-N-Ts-iodoaziridines is described. The generation of diiodomethyllithium, addition to N-Ts aldimines and cyclization of the amino gem-diiodide intermediate to iodoaziridines is demonstrated. Also included is a protocol to rapidly and quantitatively assess the most appropriate stationary phase for purification by chromatography.

クロマトグラフィーのための最適な固定相の定量的な選択を伴う合成とIodoaziridinesの精製

The highly diastereoselective preparation of cis-N-Ts-iodoaziridines through reaction of diiodomethyllithium with N-Ts aldimines is described. ...

化学

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids

Electrokinetic techniques are a staple of microscale applications because of their unique ability to perform a variety of fluidic and electrophoretic processes in simple, compact systems with no moving parts. Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a simple and very robust electrokinetic technique that can achieve million-fold preconcentration1,2 and efficient separation and extraction based on ionic mobility.3 For example, we have demonstrated the application of ITP to separation and sensitive detection of unlabeled ionic molecules (e.g. toxins, DNA, rRNA, miRNA) with little or no sample preparation4-8 and to extraction and purification of nucleic acids from complex matrices including cell culture, urine, and blood.9-12
ITP achieves focusing and separation using an applied electric field and two buffers within a fluidic channel system. For anionic analytes, the leading electrolyte (LE) buffer is chosen such that its anions have higher effective electrophoretic mobility than the anions of the trailing electrolyte (TE) buffer (Effective mobility describes the observable drift velocity of an ion and takes into account the ionization state of the ion, as described in detail by Persat et al.13). After establishing an interface between the TE and LE, an electric field is applied such that LE ions move away from the region occupied by TE ions. Sample ions of intermediate effective mobility race ahead of TE ions but cannot overtake LE ions, and so they focus at the LE-TE interface (hereafter called the "ITP interface"). Further, the TE and LE form regions of respectively low and high conductivity, which establish a steep electric field gradient at the ITP interface. This field gradient preconcentrates sample species as they focus. Proper choice of TE and LE results in focusing and purification of target species from other non-focused species and, eventually, separation and segregation of sample species.
We here review the physical principles underlying ITP and discuss two standard modes of operation: "peak" and "plateau" modes. In peak mode, relatively dilute sample ions focus together within overlapping narrow peaks at the ITP interface. In plateau mode, more abundant sample ions reach a steady-state concentration and segregate into adjoining plateau-like zones ordered by their effective mobility. Peak and plateau modes arise out of the same underlying physics, but represent distinct regimes differentiated by the initial analyte concentration and/or the amount of time allotted for sample accumulation.
We first describe in detail a model peak mode experiment and then demonstrate a peak mode assay for the extraction of nucleic acids from E. coli cell culture. We conclude by presenting a plateau mode assay, where we use a non-focusing tracer (NFT) species to visualize the separation and perform quantitation of amino acids.

Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a robust electrokinetic separation and preconcentration technique with applications ranging from toxin detection to sample preparation. We review the physical principles of ITP and the methodology of applying this technique to two specific example applications: separation and detection of small molecules and purification of nucleic acids from cell culture lysate.

イオンの分離及び核酸の精製のためのオンチップ等速電気泳動

Electrokinetic techniques are a staple of microscale applications because of their unique ability to perform a variety of fluidic and electrophoretic ...

生物工学

A Filter-based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Assay for Rapid Detection of Chemical Contaminants

We demonstrate a method to fabricate highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) substrates using a filter syringe system that can be applied to the detection of various chemical contaminants. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are synthesized via reduction of silver nitrate by sodium citrate. Then the NPs are aggregated by sodium chloride to form nanoclusters that could be trapped in the pores of the filter membrane. A syringe is connected to the filter holder, with a filter membrane inside. By loading the nanoclusters into the syringe and passing through the membrane, the liquid goes through the membrane but not the nanoclusters, forming a SERS-active membrane. When testing the analyte, the liquid sample is loaded into the syringe and flowed through the Ag NPs coated membrane. The analyte binds and concentrates on the Ag NPs coated membrane. Then the membrane is detached from the filter holder, air dried and measured by a Raman instrument. Here we present the study of the volume effect of Ag NPs and sample on the detection sensitivity as well as the detection of 10 ppb ferbam and 1 ppm ampicillin using the developed assay.

A procedure for fabrication and performing the filter-based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) assay for the detection of chemical contaminants (i.e., pesticide ferbam and antibiotic ampicillin) is presented.

化学汚染物質の迅速検出のためのラマン分光アッセイ強化フィルターベースの表面

We demonstrate a method to fabricate highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) substrates using a filter syringe system that can be ...

Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, 1,4-benzene-bis(iminoguanidinium) (BBIG), is demonstrated. The ligand is synthesized as the chloride salt (BBIG-Cl) by in situ imine condensation of terephthalaldehyde with aminoguanidinium chloride in water, followed by crystallization as the sulfate salt (BBIG-SO4). Alternatively, BBIG-Cl is synthesized ex situ in larger scale from ethanol. The sulfate separation ability of the BBIG ligand is demonstrated by selective and quantitative crystallization of sulfate from seawater. The ligand can be recycled by neutralization of BBIG-SO4 with aqueous NaOH and crystallization of the neutral bis-iminoguanidine, which can be converted back into BBIG-Cl with aqueous HCl and reused in another separation cycle. Finally, 35S-labeled sulfate and &#946; liquid scintillation counting are employed for monitoring the sulfate concentration in solution. Overall, this protocol will instruct the user in the necessary skills to synthesize a ligand, employ it in the selective crystallization of sulfate from aqueous solutions, and quantify the separation efficiency.

A protocol for in situ aqueous synthesis of a bis(iminoguanidinium) ligand and its utilization in selective separation of sulfate is presented.

ビスiminoguanidiniumリガンドと選択的結晶化により硫酸の分離

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, ...

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient radiolabeling of DBCO-group-functionalized gold nanoparticles using a copper-free click reaction. Radioiodination of the stannylated precursor (2) was carried out by using [125I]NaI and chloramine T as an oxidant at room temperature for 15 min. After HPLC purification of the crude product, the purified 125I-labeled azide (1) was obtained with high radiochemical yield (75 &plusmn; 10%, n = 8) and excellent radiochemical purity (&gt;99%). For the synthesis of radiolabeled 13-nm-sized gold nanoparticles, the DBCO-functionalized gold nanoparticles (3) were prepared by using a thiolated polyethylene glycol polymer. A copper-free click reaction between 1 and 3 gave the 125I-labeled gold nanoparticles (4) with more than 95% of radiochemical yield as determined by radio-thin-layer chromatography (radio-TLC). These results clearly indicate that the present radiolabeling method using a strain-promoted copper-free click reaction will be useful for the efficient and convenient radiolabeling of DBCO-group-containing nanomaterials.

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

A detailed procedure for the synthesis of a 125I-labeled azide and the radiolabeling of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-group-conjugated, 13-nm-sized gold nanoparticles using a copper-free click reaction is described.

使用した金ナノ粒子の効率的な放射性標識のために最適化されたプロトコル<sup&gt; 125</sup&gt; I標識アジド補綴グループ

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient ...

Removal of Arsenic Using a Cationic Polymer Gel Impregnated with Iron Hydroxide

In this work, we prepared an adsorbent composed of a cationic polymer gel containing iron hydroxide in its structure designed to adsorb arsenic from groundwater. The gel we selected was the N,N-dimethylamino propylacrylamide methyl chloride quaternary (DMAPAAQ) gel. The objective of our preparation method was to ensure the maximum content of iron hydroxide in the structure of the gel. This design approach enabled simultaneous adsorption by both the polymer structure of the gel and the iron hydroxide component, thus, enhancing the adsorption capacity of the material. To examine the performance of the gel, we measured reaction kinetics, carried out pH sensitivity and selectivity analyses, monitored arsenic adsorption performance, and conducted regeneration experiments. We determined that the gel undergoes a chemisorption process and reaches equilibrium at 10 h. Moreover, the gel adsorbed arsenic effectively at neutral pH levels and selectively in complex ion environments, achieving a maximum adsorption volume of 1.63 mM/g. The gel could be regenerated with 87.6% efficiency and NaCl could be used for desorption instead of harmful NaOH. Taken together, the presented gel-based design method is an effective approach for constructing high-performance arsenic adsorbents.

In this work, we prepared an adsorbent composed of the cationic N,N-dimethylamino propylacrylamide methyl chloride quaternary (DMAPAAQ) polymer gel and iron hydroxide for adsorbing arsenic from groundwater. The gel was prepared via a novel method designed to ensure the maximum content of iron particles in its structure.

水酸化鉄を含浸させたカチオン性ポリマーゲルを用いたヒ素の除去

In this work, we prepared an adsorbent composed of a cationic polymer gel containing iron hydroxide in its structure designed to adsorb arsenic from ...

環境学

A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously Sb(III) Oxidation and Sequestration

We have designed a facile method to synthesize a dual-functional electrochemical filter consisting of two 1-D materials: titanate nanowires and carbon nanotubes. The hybrid titanate-CNT filter was prepared by a sonication coupled with a post-filtration route. Due to the synergistic effects of the increased number of exposed sorption sites, electrochemical reactivity, small pore size of the titanate-CNT network coupled with a flow-through design, simultaneous Sb(III) oxidation and sequestration can be readily achieved. Atomic fluorescence spectrometer technology demonstrated that the applied electrical field accelerates the Sb(III) conversion rate and the as-obtained Sb(V) were adsorbed effectively by the titanate nanowires due to their Sb specificity. This protocol provides a practical solution for the removal of highly toxic Sb(III) and other similar heavy metal ions.

A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously SbIII Oxidation and Sequestration

A protocol for the rational design of a dual-functional electroactive filter consisting of carbon nanotubes and titanate nanowires is reported and their environmental applications towards Sb(III) oxidation and sequestration is presented.

Sb(III) 酸化と隔離を同時に行う二重機能電気活性フィルタ

We have designed a facile method to synthesize a dual-functional electrochemical filter consisting of two 1-D materials: titanate nanowires and carbon ...

Production of High-Titer Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from Allantoic Fluid

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian orthoavulavirus serotype-1, is a negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus that has been developed both as an oncolytic virus and a viral-vectored vaccine. NDV is an attractive therapeutic and prophylactic agent due to its well-established reverse genetics system, potent immunostimulatory properties, and excellent safety profile. When administered as an oncolytic virus or a viral-vectored vaccine, NDV elicits a robust antitumor or antigen-specific immune response, activating both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. 
Given these desirable characteristics, NDV has been evaluated in numerous clinical trials and is one of the most well-studied oncolytic viruses. Currently, there are two registered clinical trials involving NDV: one evaluating a recombinant NDV-vectored vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 (NCT04871737), and a second evaluating a recombinant NDV encoding Interleukin-12 in combination with Durvalumab, an antiPD-L1 antibody (NCT04613492). To facilitate further advancement of this highly promising viral vector, simplified methods for generating high-titer, in vivo-grade, recombinant NDV (rNDV) are needed. 
This paper describes a detailed procedure for amplifying rNDV in specified pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs and purifying rNDV from allantoic fluid, with improvements to reduce loss during purification. Also included are descriptions of the recommended quality control assays, which should be performed to confirm lack of contaminants and virus integrity. Overall, this detailed procedure enables the synthesis, purification, and storage of high-titer, in vivo-grade, recombinant, lentogenic, and mesogenic NDV for use in preclinical studies.

Here we provide a detailed procedure for production, purification, and quantification of high-titer recombinant Newcastle disease virus. This protocol consistently yields &#62; 6 &#215; 109 plaque-forming units/mL, providing virus quantities appropriate for in vivo animal studies. Additional quality control assays to ensure safety in vivo are described.

アラントイック液からの高力価組換えニューカッスル病ウイルスの生産

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian orthoavulavirus serotype-1, is a negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus that has been developed both ...

がん研究

Nanosensors to Detect Protease Activity In Vivo for Noninvasive Diagnostics

Proteases are multi-functional enzymes that specialize in the hydrolysis of peptide-bonds and control broad biological processes including homeostasis and allostasis. Moreover, dysregulated protease activity drives pathogenesis and is a functional biomarker of diseases such as cancer; therefore, the ability to detect protease activity in vivo may provide clinically relevant information for biomedical diagnostics. The goal of this protocol is to create nanosensors that probe for protease activity in vivo by producing a quantifiable signal in urine. These protease nanosensors consist of two components: a nanoparticle and substrate. The nanoparticle functions to increase circulation half-life and substrate delivery to target disease sites. The substrate is a short peptide sequence (6-8 AA), which is designed to be specific to a target protease or group of proteases. The substrate is conjugated to the surface of the nanoparticle and is terminated by a reporter, such as a fluorescent marker, for detection. As dysregulated proteases cleave the peptide substrate, the reporter is filtered into urine for quantification as a biomarker of protease activity. Herein we describe construction of a nanosensor for matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), which is associated with tumor progression and metastasis, for detection of colorectal cancer in a mouse model.

Nanosensors to Detect Protease Activity In Vivo for Noninvasive Diagnostics

Proteases are tightly regulated enzymes involved in fundamental biological processes, and dysregulated protease activity drives progression of complex diseases such as cancer. This method&#39;s goal is to create nanosensors that measure protease activity in vivo by producing a cleavage signal that is detectable from host urine and discriminates disease.

非侵襲的診断のプロテアーゼ活動In Vivo検出するナノセンサー

Proteases are multi-functional enzymes that specialize in the hydrolysis of peptide-bonds and control broad biological processes including homeostasis and ...

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A  &ldquo;Green&rdquo; Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

Nowadays, AgNPs are extensively used in the manufacture of consumer products,1 water disinfectants,2 therapeutics,1, 3 and biomedical devices4 due to their powerful antimicrobial properties.3-6 These nanoparticle applications are strongly influenced by the AgNP size and aggregation state. Many challenges exist in the controlled fabrication7 and size-based isolation4,8 of unfunctionalized, homogenous AgNPs that are free from chemically aggressive capping/stabilizing agents or organic solvents.7-13 Limitations emerge from the toxicity of reagents, high costs or reduced efficiency of the AgNP synthesis or isolation methods (e.g., centrifugation, size-dependent solubility, size-exclusion chromatography, etc.).10,14-18 To overcome this, we recently showed that TFU permits greater control over the size, concentration and aggregation state of Creighton AgNPs (300 ml of 15.3 &mu;g ml-1 down to 10 ml of 198.7 &mu;g ml-1) than conventional methods of isolation such as ultracentrifugation.19
TFU is a recirculation method commonly used for the weight-based isolation of proteins, viruses and cells.20,21 Briefly, the liquid sample is passed through a series of hollow fiber membranes with pore size ranging from 1,000 kD to 10 kD. Smaller suspended or dissolved constituents in the sample will pass through the porous barrier together with the solvent (filtrate), while the larger constituents are retained (retentate). TFU may be considered a "green" method as it neither damages the sample nor requires additional solvent to eliminate toxic excess reagents and byproducts. Furthermore, TFU may be applied to a large variety of nanoparticles as both hydrophobic and hydrophilic filters are available.
The two main objectives of this study were: 1) to illustrate the experimental aspects of the TFU approach through an invited video experience and 2) to demonstrate the feasibility of the TFU method for larger volumes of colloidal nanoparticles and smaller volumes of retentate. First, unfuctionalized AgNPs (4 L, 15.2 &mu;g ml-1) were synthesized using the well-established Creighton method22,23 by the reduction of AgNO3 with NaBH4. AgNP polydispersity was then minimized via a 3-step TFU using a 50-nm filter (460 cm2) to remove AgNPs and AgNP-aggregates larger than 50 nm, followed by two 100-kD (200 cm2 and 20 cm2) filters to concentrate the AgNPs. Representative samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The final retentate consisted of highly concentrated (4 ml, 8,539.9 &mu;g ml-1) yet lowly aggregated and homogeneous AgNPs of 1-20 nm in diameter. This corresponds to a silver concentration yield of about 62%.

Tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFU) is a recirculation method used for the weight-based separation of biosamples. TFU was adapted to size-select (1-20 nm diameter) and highly concentrate a large volume of polydisperse silver nanoparticles (4 L of 15.2 &mu;g ml-1 down to 4 ml of 8,539.9 &mu;g ml-1) with minimal aggregation.

タンジェンシャルフロー限外濾過：コロイダルシルバーナノ粒子の大きさの選択と集中のための &quot;グリーン&quot;メソッド

Nowadays, AgNPs are extensively used in the manufacture of consumer products,1 water disinfectants,2 therapeutics,1, 3 and biomedical devices4 due to ...

金ナノ粒子に埋め込まれた膜フィルターを用いた放射性ヨウ素アニオン選択性淡水化の効率的な方法

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