Name: an efficient method for selective desalination of radioactive iodine anions by using gold nanoparticles-embedded membrane filter
Uploaded: 2018-07-13T14:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了韩国国家研究基金会的研究补助金 (赠款号: 2017M2A2A6A01070858) 的支持。

1. 柠檬酸稳定金纳米粒子的合成
<ol><li>将两颈的圆底烧瓶 (250 毫升) 和一条带水的磁力搅拌棒洗净, 将浓盐酸和浓硝酸混合在3:1 的体积比上。 注意: 水溶液是极具腐蚀性的, 可能会导致爆炸或皮肤烧伤, 如果不处理极端谨慎。</li>
	<li>用去离子水彻底冲洗玻璃器皿, 除去残留的水酸。</li>
	<li>将120毫升的四氯金酸溶液 (HAuCl4, 1 毫米) 添加到双颈圆底烧瓶 (250 毫升) 中, 并在恒定搅拌下将其加热至回流。</li>
	<li>将12毫升柠檬酸钠三元 (35 毫米) 溶液快速地添加到双颈圆底烧瓶中, 并将所产生的混合物再回流20分钟, 以完全还原金盐。</li>
	<li>允许纳米粒子 (深红色) 的胶体悬浮冷却到室温。</li>
	<li>使用石英试管 (1 厘米路径长度), 用紫外可见光谱测量金纳米粒子 (AuNPs) 的浓度, 波长为 520 nm (消光系数为 2.8 x 108)。</li>
	<li>在碳包覆的铜网 (400 目) 上添加一滴 AuNPs 悬浮液, 并在室温下干燥。用透射电镜 (TEM) 测量 AuNPs 的大小。</li>
	<li>保持胶体金纳米粒子悬浮在4摄氏度。</li>
</ol>2. 混合膜的制备 (金凸轮)
<ol><li>用注射器装置制备金纳米粒子--嵌入式膜过滤器<ol>
<li>洗一层醋酸纤维素膜 (孔径: 0.45 微米, 直径:25 毫米), 用去离子水 (10 毫升) 的过滤单元支持三次。</li>
		<li>用无菌注射器 (20 毫升) 提取10毫升的柠檬酸稳定 AuNPs (10 nM), 并将其缓慢添加到预冲洗的醋酸纤维素膜过滤器 (图 1)。</li>
		<li>用10毫升去离子水冲洗过滤器三次以去除非固定化 AuNPs。 注: 固定在醋酸纤维素膜上的 AuNPs 是高度稳定的, 因此, 在环境条件下可以储存几个星期的金凸轮, 而不会失去其化学性质或稳定性。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>真空泵制备金纳米颗粒膜过滤器的研究<ol>
<li>将醋酸纤维素膜 (孔径: 0.45 微米, 直径:47 毫米) 与过滤器支架烧结玻璃支架 (直径:40 毫米) 和一个分级漏斗 (300 毫升) 之间。</li>
		<li>将烧结玻璃支架和分级漏斗的组合单元连接到回收瓶 (500 毫升) 和真空泵。</li>
		<li>加入10毫升柠檬酸稳定的 AuNPs (10 nM) 进入毕业漏斗, 然后应用真空, 直到所有的 AuNPs 通过醋酸纤维素膜 (大约二十年代)。</li>
		<li>重复相同的步骤 (步骤 2.2.3) 在膜的另一侧, 以固定 AuNPs 的两侧的膜。</li>
		<li>利用扫描电镜 (SEM) 在高性能条件下对金凸轮表面进行分析, 其加速电压可达15伏 (图 2d)。 注: 为了在高盐条件下对金凸轮上的纳米粒子稳定性进行检查, 将复合膜浸入1.0 米氯化钠溶液中2小时, 然后进行目视检查, 以确定金凸轮的稳定性。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. 用金凸轮在间歇系统中吸附放射性碘
<ol><li>稀释放射性碘 ([125I] 奈, 2.2 MBq) 在3毫升纯净的水, 1.0 M 氯化钠, 或10毫微米奈和增加每个解答入培养皿 (50 毫米直径 x 15 毫米高度)。 注意: 氧化放射性碘可能是挥发性的, 必须用适当的铅盾牌和铅瓶处理。所有放射化学步骤都应在通风良好的木炭过滤罩内进行, 实验过程需要通过放射性探测器进行监测。</li>
	<li>将用真空过滤器制备的金凸轮置于放射性碘溶液中, 在室温下轻轻摇动。</li>
	<li>在给定时间点 (0, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120 分钟) 从培养皿中提取 10 ul 的放射性碘溶液, 用自动γ计数器测量整除的放射性。</li>
	<li>120分钟后用纯净水冲洗金凸轮, 然后用自动γ计数器测量膜上的放射性物质 (图 3)。</li>
</ol>4. 连续流动条件下放射性碘的脱盐
<ol><li>利用金凸轮过滤器去除放射性碘阴离子 (125I.)<ol>
<li>将放射性碘 (3.7 MBq) 溶解于纯净水50毫升, PBS 1x, 1.0 米氯化钠, 0.1 米氢氧化钠, 0.1 米 HCl, 10 毫米中海, 10 毫米 SrCl2, 合成尿, 或海水。</li>
		<li>使用注射器泵 (图 1), 用无菌注射器 (50 毫升) 提取每种溶液的50毫升, 并通过金凸轮过滤单元, 流速约为1.5 毫升/秒。</li>
		<li>将滤液的5毫升转移到塑料瓶中, 以量化溶液中的放射性。</li>
		<li>使用自动γ计数器测量滤液溶液中残余放射性的量 (图 4)。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>金凸轮滤波器的复用性测试<ol>
<li>将放射性碘溶解于合成尿液或海水中 (3.7 MBq/50 毫升)。</li>
		<li>提取50毫升的溶液与无菌注射器 (50 毫升), 并添加到金凸轮过滤单元的流速约1.5 毫升/秒使用注射器泵。</li>
		<li>使用单一的金凸轮滤波器单元重复相同的过滤过程 (步骤 4.2.2) 七次。</li>
		<li>将滤液的5毫升转移到塑料瓶中, 以量化溶液中的放射性。</li>
		<li>用自动γ计数器测量七滤液溶液中的放射性含量。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+of+lead(III)+capturing+from+contaminated+wastewater+using+ligand+doped+conjugate+adsorbent.">Assessing of lead(III) capturing from contaminated wastewater using ligand doped conjugate adsorbent.</a> Chemical Engineering Journal. 289, 65-73 (2016).</li><li>Awual, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+facial+composite+adsorbent+for+enhanced+copper+(II)+detection+and+removal+from+wastewater.">A novel facial composite adsorbent for enhanced copper (II) detection and removal from wastewater.</a> Chemical Engineering Journal. 266, 368-375 (2015).</li><li>Kaushik, M., Moores, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Review:+nanocelluloses+as+versatile+supports+for+metal+nanoparticles+and+their+applications+in+catalysis.">Review: nanocelluloses as versatile supports for metal nanoparticles and their applications in catalysis.</a> Green Chemistry. 18, 622-637 (2016).</li><li>Jang, H., Kim, Y. K., Ryoo, S. R., Kim, M. H., Min, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facile+synthesis+of+robust+and+biocompatible+gold+nanoparticles.">Facile synthesis of robust and biocompatible gold nanoparticles.</a> Chemical Communication. 46, 583-585 (2010).</li><li>Bolisetty, S., Mezzenga, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amyloid-carbon+hybrid+membranes+for+universal+water+purification.">Amyloid-carbon hybrid membranes for universal water purification.</a> Nature Nanotechnology. 11, 365-371 (2016).</li><li>Zakrzewska-Trznadel, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+membrane+technologies+for+the+treatment+of+liquid+radioactive+waste.">Advances in membrane technologies for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste.</a> Desalination. 321, 119-130 (2013).</li><li>Rana, D., Matsuura, T., Kassim, M. A., Ismail, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radioactive+decontamination+of+water+by+membrane+processes+-+A+review.">Radioactive decontamination of water by membrane processes - A review.</a> Desalination. 321, 77-92 (2013).</li></ol>

作者没有什么可透露的。

近年来, 根据其吸附技术25、26的具体功能, 开发了各种工程化纳米材料和膜, 以去除水中的有害放射性金属和重金属,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,...

几十年来, 医疗机构、研究设施和核反应堆产生了大量放射性液体废料。这些污染物常常是对环境和人类健康的明显威胁,1、2、3。特别是放射性碘被认为是核电站事故中最危险的因素之一。例如, 一份关于福岛和切尔诺贝利核反应堆的环境报告表明, 释放的放射性 iodines 的数量包括131i (t1/2 = 8.02 天) 和129i (t1/2 =1570万年) 对环境大于其他放射性核素4,5。特别是, 这些放射性同位素的暴露导致了人体甲状腺6的高吸收和富集。此外, 释放的放射性 iodines 可导致土壤、海水和地下水的严重污染, 因为它们在水中的溶解度很高。因此, 研究了大量使用各种无机和有机吸附剂的修复过程, 以捕获含水废物7、8、9、10中的放射性 iodines。,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20. 尽管为开发先进的吸附剂系统作出了广泛的努力, 但在连续流动条件下, 建立一种能表现出令人满意性能的净化方法非常有限。最近, 我们报告了一个新的脱盐过程, 显示良好的去除效率, 离子选择性, 可持续性, 并利用纳米金纳米复合材料 (AuNPs)21,22,23. 在其中, 金纳米粒子--嵌入的醋酸纤维素膜 (Au 凸轮) 促进了与现有吸附剂材料相比的连续流系统中碘离子的高效脱盐。此外, 整个程序可以在短时间内完成, 这是处理医疗和工业应用后产生的核废料的另一个好处。本手稿的总体目标是提供一步一步的协议, 为准备的金凸轮24。我们还演示了一个快速和方便的过滤过程中的离子选择性捕获放射性碘使用工程复合膜。本报告中的详细议定书将为纳米材料在环境科学研究领域中的应用提供有益的参考。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid</td><td>DUKSAN</td><td>1129</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nitric acid&amp;nbsp;</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>37335-1250</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chloroautic chloride trihydrate (HAuCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;middot;3H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>254169</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>71402</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>[&lt;sup&gt;125&lt;/sup&gt;I]NaI&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Perkin-Elmer</td><td>NEZ033A010MC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium chloride</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>S9888</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium iodide</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>383112</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>S5881</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lithium L-lactate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>L2250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Citric acid</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>C1909</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydrogen carbonate</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>43305-1250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Urea</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>U1250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Calcium chloride</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>18230-0301</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium sulfate</td><td>SAMCHUN</td><td>M0146</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium dihydrogen phosphate</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>84185A1250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>84120-1250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium sulfate</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>83260-1250</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium chloride</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>A9434</td><td>Synthetic urine</td></tr><tr><td>Sea water</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>S9148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1x PBS</td><td>Thermo</td><td>SH30256.01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cellulose acetate membranes (pore size: 0.20 &amp;mu;m, diameter: 25 mm)</td><td>Advantec MFS</td><td>25CS045AS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cellulose acetate membranes (pore size: 0.20 &amp;mu;m, diameter: 47 mm)</td><td>Advantec MFS</td><td>C045A047A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>47 mm Glass Microanalysis Holders</td><td>Advantec MFS</td><td>KG47(311400)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dish (50 mm diameter &amp;acute; 15 mm height)</td><td>SPL</td><td>10050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gamma counter</td><td>Perkin-Elmer</td><td>2480 WIZARD&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</td><td>Model number</td></tr><tr><td>UV-vis spectrophotometer</td><td>Thermo</td><td>GENESYS 10</td><td>Model number</td></tr><tr><td>Transmission electron microscopy</td><td>Hitachi</td><td>H-7650</td><td>Model number</td></tr><tr><td>Field Emission Scanning electron microscope</td><td>FEI</td><td>Verios 460L</td><td>Model number</td></tr></tbody></table>

an efficient method for selective desalination of radioactive iodine anions by using gold nanoparticles-embedded membrane filter

在这里, 我们演示了一个详细的协议, 制备纳米材料-嵌入复合膜及其在高效和离子选择性去除放射性 iodines 的应用。利用柠檬酸稳定的金纳米粒子 (平均直径:13 nm) 和醋酸纤维素膜, 可以很容易地制备出金纳米颗粒的醋酸纤维素膜 (Au 凸轮)。在高浓度无机盐和有机分子的存在下, 金凸轮上的纳米吸附剂高度稳定。水溶液中的碘离子可以迅速被这种工程膜捕获。通过采用含金凸轮过滤单元的过滤工艺, 在短时间内实现了优异的去除效率 (> 99%) 以及离子选择性脱盐效果。而且, 在没有显著降低性能的情况下, Au 凸轮提供了良好的可重用性。结果表明, 采用工程化混合膜技术的现有工艺将是对液体废弃物中放射性碘进行大规模净化的一个有前途的过程。

我们展示了用柠檬酸稳定的 AuNPs 和醋酸纤维素膜制作金凸轮的简单方法 (图 1a)。用 SEM 观察了金凸轮的表面, 表明纳米材料在纤维素纤维上稳定地结合在一起 (图 2)。在膜上被嵌顿的纳米颗粒保持稳定, 不通过连续洗涤, 如1.0 米氯化钠等水溶液释放。金凸轮的吸附能力约为1克 AuNPs24μmol 碘负离子的?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter at JoVE.com

An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter

利用金纳米颗粒固定化醋酸纤维素膜过滤器, 对几种水溶液中的放射性碘进行快速、离子选择性脱盐的有效方法进行了描述。

用金纳米粒子-嵌入式膜过滤法选择性脱盐放射性碘阴离子的有效方法

Here, we demonstrate a detail protocol for the preparation of nanomaterials-embedded composite membranes and its application to the efficient and ...

an-efficient-method-for-selective-desalination-radioactive-iodine

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

7.3K 次观看.  Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. 利用金纳米颗粒固定化醋酸纤维素膜过滤器, 对几种水溶液中的放射性碘进行快速、离子选择性脱盐的有效方法进行了描述。

视频: An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

In situ recovery (ISR) is the predominant method of uranium extraction in the United States. During ISR, uranium is leached from an ore body and extracted through ion exchange. The resultant production bleed water (PBW) contains contaminants such as arsenic and other heavy metals. Samples of PBW from an active ISR uranium facility were treated with cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs). CuO-NP treatment of PBW reduced priority contaminants, including arsenic, selenium, uranium, and vanadium. Untreated and CuO-NP treated PBW was used as the liquid component of the cell growth media and changes in viability were determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cells. CuO-NP treatment was associated with improved HEK and HEP cell viability. Limitations of this method include dilution of the PBW by growth media components and during osmolality adjustment as well as necessary pH adjustment. This method is limited in its wider context due to dilution effects and changes in the pH of the PBW which is traditionally slightly acidic&#160;however; this method could have a broader use assessing CuO-NP treatment in more neutral waters.

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Production bleed water (PBW) was treated with cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and cellular toxicity was assessed in cultured human cells. The goal of this protocol was to integrate the native environmental sample into a cell culture format assessing the changes in toxicity due to CuO-NP treatment.

去除微量元素的氧化铜纳米粉体制备铀<em&gt;原位</em&gt;恢复泌水及其对细胞活力的影响

In situ recovery (ISR) is the predominant method of uranium extraction in the United States. During ISR, uranium is leached from an ore body and extracted ...

科研

环境科学

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography

The highly diastereoselective preparation of cis-N-Ts-iodoaziridines through reaction of diiodomethyllithium with N-Ts aldimines is described. Diiodomethyllithium is prepared by the deprotonation of diiodomethane with LiHMDS, in a THF/diethyl ether mixture, at -78 &#176;C in the dark. These conditions are essential for the stability of the LiCHI2 reagent generated. The subsequent dropwise addition of N-Ts aldimines to the preformed diiodomethyllithium solution affords an amino-diiodide intermediate, which is not isolated. Rapid warming of the reaction mixture to 0 &#176;C promotes cyclization to afford iodoaziridines with exclusive cis-diastereoselectivity. The addition and cyclization stages of the reaction are mediated in one reaction flask by careful temperature control.
Due to the sensitivity of the iodoaziridines to purification, assessment of suitable methods of purification is required. A protocol to assess the stability of sensitive compounds to stationary phases for column chromatography is described. This method is suitable to apply to new iodoaziridines, or other potentially sensitive novel compounds. Consequently this method may find application in range of synthetic projects. The procedure involves firstly the assessment of the reaction yield, prior to purification, by 1H NMR spectroscopy with comparison to an internal standard. Portions of impure product mixture are then exposed to slurries of various stationary phases appropriate for chromatography, in a solvent system suitable as the eluent in flash chromatography. After stirring for 30 min to mimic chromatography, followed by filtering, the samples are analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Calculated yields for each stationary phase are then compared to that initially obtained from the crude reaction mixture. The results obtained provide a quantitative assessment of the stability of the compound to the different stationary phases; hence the optimal can be selected. The choice of basic alumina, modified to activity IV, as a suitable stationary phase has allowed isolation of certain iodoaziridines in excellent yield and purity.

A protocol for the diastereoselective one-pot preparation of cis-N-Ts-iodoaziridines is described. The generation of diiodomethyllithium, addition to N-Ts aldimines and cyclization of the amino gem-diiodide intermediate to iodoaziridines is demonstrated. Also included is a protocol to rapidly and quantitatively assess the most appropriate stationary phase for purification by chromatography.

合成和Iodoaziridines纯化涉及定量选择最优固定相的色谱

The highly diastereoselective preparation of cis-N-Ts-iodoaziridines through reaction of diiodomethyllithium with N-Ts aldimines is described. ...

化学

A Filter-based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Assay for Rapid Detection of Chemical Contaminants

We demonstrate a method to fabricate highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) substrates using a filter syringe system that can be applied to the detection of various chemical contaminants. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are synthesized via reduction of silver nitrate by sodium citrate. Then the NPs are aggregated by sodium chloride to form nanoclusters that could be trapped in the pores of the filter membrane. A syringe is connected to the filter holder, with a filter membrane inside. By loading the nanoclusters into the syringe and passing through the membrane, the liquid goes through the membrane but not the nanoclusters, forming a SERS-active membrane. When testing the analyte, the liquid sample is loaded into the syringe and flowed through the Ag NPs coated membrane. The analyte binds and concentrates on the Ag NPs coated membrane. Then the membrane is detached from the filter holder, air dried and measured by a Raman instrument. Here we present the study of the volume effect of Ag NPs and sample on the detection sensitivity as well as the detection of 10 ppb ferbam and 1 ppm ampicillin using the developed assay.

A procedure for fabrication and performing the filter-based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) assay for the detection of chemical contaminants (i.e., pesticide ferbam and antibiotic ampicillin) is presented.

基于过滤器的表面增强拉曼光谱检测方法的化学污染物快速检测

We demonstrate a method to fabricate highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) substrates using a filter syringe system that can be ...

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient radiolabeling of DBCO-group-functionalized gold nanoparticles using a copper-free click reaction. Radioiodination of the stannylated precursor (2) was carried out by using [125I]NaI and chloramine T as an oxidant at room temperature for 15 min. After HPLC purification of the crude product, the purified 125I-labeled azide (1) was obtained with high radiochemical yield (75 &plusmn; 10%, n = 8) and excellent radiochemical purity (&gt;99%). For the synthesis of radiolabeled 13-nm-sized gold nanoparticles, the DBCO-functionalized gold nanoparticles (3) were prepared by using a thiolated polyethylene glycol polymer. A copper-free click reaction between 1 and 3 gave the 125I-labeled gold nanoparticles (4) with more than 95% of radiochemical yield as determined by radio-thin-layer chromatography (radio-TLC). These results clearly indicate that the present radiolabeling method using a strain-promoted copper-free click reaction will be useful for the efficient and convenient radiolabeling of DBCO-group-containing nanomaterials.

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

A detailed procedure for the synthesis of a 125I-labeled azide and the radiolabeling of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-group-conjugated, 13-nm-sized gold nanoparticles using a copper-free click reaction is described.

一个优化的协议通过使用金纳米粒子的放射性标记效率<sup&gt; 125</sup&gt;我标记的叠氮辅基

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient ...

Removal of Arsenic Using a Cationic Polymer Gel Impregnated with Iron Hydroxide

In this work, we prepared an adsorbent composed of a cationic polymer gel containing iron hydroxide in its structure designed to adsorb arsenic from groundwater. The gel we selected was the N,N-dimethylamino propylacrylamide methyl chloride quaternary (DMAPAAQ) gel. The objective of our preparation method was to ensure the maximum content of iron hydroxide in the structure of the gel. This design approach enabled simultaneous adsorption by both the polymer structure of the gel and the iron hydroxide component, thus, enhancing the adsorption capacity of the material. To examine the performance of the gel, we measured reaction kinetics, carried out pH sensitivity and selectivity analyses, monitored arsenic adsorption performance, and conducted regeneration experiments. We determined that the gel undergoes a chemisorption process and reaches equilibrium at 10 h. Moreover, the gel adsorbed arsenic effectively at neutral pH levels and selectively in complex ion environments, achieving a maximum adsorption volume of 1.63 mM/g. The gel could be regenerated with 87.6% efficiency and NaCl could be used for desorption instead of harmful NaOH. Taken together, the presented gel-based design method is an effective approach for constructing high-performance arsenic adsorbents.

In this work, we prepared an adsorbent composed of the cationic N,N-dimethylamino propylacrylamide methyl chloride quaternary (DMAPAAQ) polymer gel and iron hydroxide for adsorbing arsenic from groundwater. The gel was prepared via a novel method designed to ensure the maximum content of iron particles in its structure.

去除砷使用阳离子聚合物凝胶浸渍与氢氧化铁

In this work, we prepared an adsorbent composed of a cationic polymer gel containing iron hydroxide in its structure designed to adsorb arsenic from ...

A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously Sb(III) Oxidation and Sequestration

We have designed a facile method to synthesize a dual-functional electrochemical filter consisting of two 1-D materials: titanate nanowires and carbon nanotubes. The hybrid titanate-CNT filter was prepared by a sonication coupled with a post-filtration route. Due to the synergistic effects of the increased number of exposed sorption sites, electrochemical reactivity, small pore size of the titanate-CNT network coupled with a flow-through design, simultaneous Sb(III) oxidation and sequestration can be readily achieved. Atomic fluorescence spectrometer technology demonstrated that the applied electrical field accelerates the Sb(III) conversion rate and the as-obtained Sb(V) were adsorbed effectively by the titanate nanowires due to their Sb specificity. This protocol provides a practical solution for the removal of highly toxic Sb(III) and other similar heavy metal ions.

A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously SbIII Oxidation and Sequestration

A protocol for the rational design of a dual-functional electroactive filter consisting of carbon nanotubes and titanate nanowires is reported and their environmental applications towards Sb(III) oxidation and sequestration is presented.

双功能电抗滤波器，可同时进行 Sb（III）氧化和固存

We have designed a facile method to synthesize a dual-functional electrochemical filter consisting of two 1-D materials: titanate nanowires and carbon ...

Production of High-Titer Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from Allantoic Fluid

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian orthoavulavirus serotype-1, is a negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus that has been developed both as an oncolytic virus and a viral-vectored vaccine. NDV is an attractive therapeutic and prophylactic agent due to its well-established reverse genetics system, potent immunostimulatory properties, and excellent safety profile. When administered as an oncolytic virus or a viral-vectored vaccine, NDV elicits a robust antitumor or antigen-specific immune response, activating both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. 
Given these desirable characteristics, NDV has been evaluated in numerous clinical trials and is one of the most well-studied oncolytic viruses. Currently, there are two registered clinical trials involving NDV: one evaluating a recombinant NDV-vectored vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 (NCT04871737), and a second evaluating a recombinant NDV encoding Interleukin-12 in combination with Durvalumab, an antiPD-L1 antibody (NCT04613492). To facilitate further advancement of this highly promising viral vector, simplified methods for generating high-titer, in vivo-grade, recombinant NDV (rNDV) are needed. 
This paper describes a detailed procedure for amplifying rNDV in specified pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs and purifying rNDV from allantoic fluid, with improvements to reduce loss during purification. Also included are descriptions of the recommended quality control assays, which should be performed to confirm lack of contaminants and virus integrity. Overall, this detailed procedure enables the synthesis, purification, and storage of high-titer, in vivo-grade, recombinant, lentogenic, and mesogenic NDV for use in preclinical studies.

Here we provide a detailed procedure for production, purification, and quantification of high-titer recombinant Newcastle disease virus. This protocol consistently yields &#62; 6 &#215; 109 plaque-forming units/mL, providing virus quantities appropriate for in vivo animal studies. Additional quality control assays to ensure safety in vivo are described.

从尿囊液中生产高滴度重组新城疫病毒

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian orthoavulavirus serotype-1, is a negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus that has been developed both ...

癌症研究

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination

Desalination through direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) exploits water-repellent membranes to robustly separate counterflowing streams of hot and salty seawater from cold and pure water, thus allowing only pure water vapor to pass through. To achieve this feat, commercial DCMD membranes are derived from or coated with water-repellent perfluorocarbons such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). However, the use of perfluorocarbons is limiting due to their high cost, non-biodegradability, and vulnerability to harsh operational conditions. Unveiled here is a new class of membranes referred to as gas-entrapping membranes (GEMs) that can robustly entrap air upon immersion in water. GEMs achieve this function by their microstructure rather than their chemical make-up. This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept for GEMs using intrinsically wetting SiO2/Si/SiO2 wafers as the model system; the contact angle of water on SiO2 is &#952;o &#8776; 40&#176;. Silica-GEMs had 300 &#956;m-long cylindrical pores whose diameters at the (2 &#956;m-long) inlet and outlet regions were significantly smaller; this geometrically discontinuous structure, with 90&#176; turns at the inlets and outlets, is known as the &#34;reentrant microtexture&#34;. The microfabrication protocol for silica-GEMs entails designing, photolithography, chrome sputtering, and isotropic and anisotropic etching. Despite the water loving nature of silica, water does not intrude silica-GEMs on submersion. In fact, they robustly entrap air underwater and keep it intact even after six weeks (&#62;106 seconds). On the other hand, silica membranes with simple cylindrical pores spontaneously imbibe water (&#60; 1 s). These findings highlight the potential of the GEMs architecture for separation processes. While the choice of SiO2/Si/SiO2 wafers for GEMs is limited to demonstrating the proof-of-concept, it is expected that the protocols and concepts presented here will advance the rational design of scalable GEMs using inexpensive common materials for desalination and beyond.

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination

Presented here is a stepwise protocol for realizing gas-entrapping membranes (GEMs) from SiO2/Si wafers using integrated circuit microfabrication technology. When silica-GEMs are immersed in water, the intrusion of water is prevented, despite the water-loving composition of silica.

气体夹膜的概念验证，源自爱水的SiO 2/Si/SiO2晶圆，用于绿色海水淡化

Desalination through direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) exploits water-repellent membranes to robustly separate counterflowing streams of hot and ...

工程学

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an effective way to generate power by mixing two different salt concentrations in water using cation-exchange membranes (CEM) and anion-exchange membranes (AEM). The RED stack is composed of an alternating arrangement of the cation-exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane. The RED device acts as a potential candidate for fulfilling the universal demand for future energy crises. Here, in this article, we demonstrate a procedure to fabricate a reverse electrodialysis device using laboratory-scale CEM and AEM for power production. The active area of the ion-exchange membrane is 49 cm2. In this article, we provide a step-by-step procedure for synthesizing the membrane, followed by the stack&#39;s assembly and power measurement. The measurement conditions and net power output calculation have also been explained. Furthermore, we describe the fundamental parameters that are taken into consideration for obtaining a reliable outcome. We also provide a theoretical parameter that affects the overall cell performance relating to the membrane and the feed solution. In short, this experiment describes how to assemble and measure RED cells on the same platform. It also contains the working principle and calculation used for estimating the net power output of the RED stack using CEM and AEM membranes.

We demonstrate the fabrication of a reverse electrodialysis device using a cation-exchange membrane (CEM) and anion-exchange membrane (AEM) for power generation.

用于制造反向电透析装置的离子交换膜

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an effective way to generate power by mixing two different salt concentrations in water using cation-exchange membranes ...

Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A  &ldquo;Green&rdquo; Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

Nowadays, AgNPs are extensively used in the manufacture of consumer products,1 water disinfectants,2 therapeutics,1, 3 and biomedical devices4 due to their powerful antimicrobial properties.3-6 These nanoparticle applications are strongly influenced by the AgNP size and aggregation state. Many challenges exist in the controlled fabrication7 and size-based isolation4,8 of unfunctionalized, homogenous AgNPs that are free from chemically aggressive capping/stabilizing agents or organic solvents.7-13 Limitations emerge from the toxicity of reagents, high costs or reduced efficiency of the AgNP synthesis or isolation methods (e.g., centrifugation, size-dependent solubility, size-exclusion chromatography, etc.).10,14-18 To overcome this, we recently showed that TFU permits greater control over the size, concentration and aggregation state of Creighton AgNPs (300 ml of 15.3 &mu;g ml-1 down to 10 ml of 198.7 &mu;g ml-1) than conventional methods of isolation such as ultracentrifugation.19
TFU is a recirculation method commonly used for the weight-based isolation of proteins, viruses and cells.20,21 Briefly, the liquid sample is passed through a series of hollow fiber membranes with pore size ranging from 1,000 kD to 10 kD. Smaller suspended or dissolved constituents in the sample will pass through the porous barrier together with the solvent (filtrate), while the larger constituents are retained (retentate). TFU may be considered a "green" method as it neither damages the sample nor requires additional solvent to eliminate toxic excess reagents and byproducts. Furthermore, TFU may be applied to a large variety of nanoparticles as both hydrophobic and hydrophilic filters are available.
The two main objectives of this study were: 1) to illustrate the experimental aspects of the TFU approach through an invited video experience and 2) to demonstrate the feasibility of the TFU method for larger volumes of colloidal nanoparticles and smaller volumes of retentate. First, unfuctionalized AgNPs (4 L, 15.2 &mu;g ml-1) were synthesized using the well-established Creighton method22,23 by the reduction of AgNO3 with NaBH4. AgNP polydispersity was then minimized via a 3-step TFU using a 50-nm filter (460 cm2) to remove AgNPs and AgNP-aggregates larger than 50 nm, followed by two 100-kD (200 cm2 and 20 cm2) filters to concentrate the AgNPs. Representative samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The final retentate consisted of highly concentrated (4 ml, 8,539.9 &mu;g ml-1) yet lowly aggregated and homogeneous AgNPs of 1-20 nm in diameter. This corresponds to a silver concentration yield of about 62%.

Tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFU) is a recirculation method used for the weight-based separation of biosamples. TFU was adapted to size-select (1-20 nm diameter) and highly concentrate a large volume of polydisperse silver nanoparticles (4 L of 15.2 &mu;g ml-1 down to 4 ml of 8,539.9 &mu;g ml-1) with minimal aggregation.

切向流超：A胶体银纳米粒子的大小选择与集中“绿色”方法

Nowadays, AgNPs are extensively used in the manufacture of consumer products,1 water disinfectants,2 therapeutics,1, 3 and biomedical devices4 due to ...

用金纳米粒子-嵌入式膜过滤法选择性脱盐放射性碘阴离子的有效方法

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去除微量元素的氧化铜纳米粉体制备铀