Name: stereolithographic 3d printing with renewable acrylates
Uploaded: 2018-09-12T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 28 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stereolithographic 3D Printing with Renewable Acrylates at JoVE.com

この調査は、プロジェクト 140413 の一部として GreenPAC 高分子アプリケーション センターによってサポートされた:「生産 3 D 印刷」。アルバート ・ ハートマン、コリーヌ ・ ヴァン ・ Noordenne を認識したいと思います、Ren ビデオ撮影を促進するためのアルバート Woortman、ジュル van Dijken フェムケ Tamminga Anniek ブルーインズ リューエンのバンします。

注意: 使用前に関連するすべての材料安全データ用紙 (MSDS) を参照してください。
1. 光重合型樹脂の準備
注: は、次の手順の中に個人用保護具 (保護メガネ、手袋、白衣) を使用してください。このセクションの詳細については、私たち以前の作業12を参照してください。
<ol><li>1, 10-デカンジ オール レート (SA5201) の 50 g を 500 mL の三角フラスコに注ぐ。</li>
	<li>1.0 g を追加 diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) ホスフィンオキシド (TPO) と 0.40 g の 2, 5 -ビス(5 -tert-ブチル-benzoxazol-2-イル) チオフェン (BBOT) フラスコに。</li>
	<li>機械的撹拌機とフラスコを装備し、室温で 5 分間 200 rpm でアクリル酸モノマーの TPO と BBOT を解消するために混合物をかき混ぜます。</li>
	<li>ペンタエリトリトール テトラアクリ レートと多機能エポキシアクリ レート 100 g 100 g を追加 (材料の表を参照してください) の混合物に。</li>
	<li>均質な樹脂を確実に 50 ° C で 30 分間 200 rpm で混合物をかき混ぜます。</li>
	<li>機械的撹拌機を外し、ストッパーをフラスコに合います。フラスコはバイオベースマテリアル アクリル系光硬化性樹脂 (は) を光から保護するためにアルミ箔に包まれて。 注: プロトコルはここで一時停止することができます。</li>
	<li>Photoresin と平行平板形状レオメータの底板をカバーしてください。</li>
	<li>1 mm の平板間のギャップを設定、耐紫外線フード付きレオメータをカバーします。</li>
	<li>室温でせん断率 0.1 から 100 s-1; 樹脂の粘度を測定します。例えば0.100、0.126、0.158、0.200、0.251、0.316、0.398、0.501、0.631、0.794、1.00、1.26、1.58、2.00、2.51、3.16、3.98、5.01、6.31、7.94、10.0、12.6、15.8、20.0、25.1、31.6、39.8、50.1、63.1、79.4 と 100 s-1。</li>
</ol>2 バイオベースマテリアル アクリレートと Stereolithographic 3 D プリント
注: このセクションの詳細については、私たち以前の作業12を参照してください。
<ol><li>SLA の 3 D プリンターをオンにし、オープン モードを選択します。</li>
	<li>コンピューターのモデルの準備ソフトウェアを起動します。目的の印刷設定を選択: 材料 (クリア)、バージョン (V4) と層の厚み (50 μ m)。</li>
	<li>複雑形状の試作品、標準テッセレーション (.stl) の言語ファイルのデジタル モデルを開く (符号化する補足のファイルを参照してください)、場所とビルド プラットフォームで方向を選択。 SLA の 3 D プリンターにモデル作成ソフトから印刷ジョブをアップロードします。 注: 製品のアーキテクチャによってサポート構造は製作中に構造を安定させるために 3 D モデルに統合できます。ここに示す複雑形状の試作の場合印刷ビルドの方向に垂直な場合、支持構造体は必要ありません。</li>
	<li>バイオベースマテリアル photoresin 200 mL を樹脂タンクに注ぐ。3 D プリンターを開き、樹脂タンクは正常にマウントします。</li>
	<li>ビルド プラットフォームをマウントし、3 D プリンターを閉じます。</li>
	<li>印刷ジョブを開始します。</li>
	<li>複雑な形をしたプロトタイプを製造する 3 D プリンターを許可します。 印刷ジョブが終了するまでプリンターを開かないでください。 注: 印刷前に 3 D プリンターが水平を確認してください。示されたプロトコルの UV レーザー波長は 405 nm。オブジェクトの印刷時間は 2.5 時間です。</li>
</ol>3. 3 D の後処理印刷オブジェクト
注: は、次の手順の中に個人用保護具 (保護メガネ、手袋) を使用してください。
<ol><li>印刷ジョブが終了したときは、プリンターを開きます。添付、生産部品を使用してビルド プラットフォームを削除し、プリンターを閉じます。</li>
	<li>イソプロピル アルコールでいっぱい洗濯駅を開き、ビルド プラットフォームを挿入します。プロシージャと未反応樹脂材料に加工を削除する 20 分間洗浄を開始します。</li>
	<li>洗浄の手順が終了したら、洗濯駅からビルド プラットフォームを削除し、ビルド プラットフォームからプロトタイプをデタッチします。</li>
	<li>30 分の乾燥空気にプロトタイプを許可します。一方で、60 ° C での UV をオーブンします。 注: 予熱、少なくとも 15 分になります。オーブンの UV 波長は 405 nm、SLA レーザーの波長と同じ。</li>
	<li>UV オーブンを開き、すばやく回転台のプロトタイプを配置します。UV オーブンと完全な変換を確保するための 60 の ° C で 60 分の治療法を閉じます。</li>
	<li>硬化後の手順が終わったら、UV オーブンを開けるし、プロトタイプを取る。</li>
</ol>4 複雑な形状の試作品の表面形態の特性
注: このセクションの詳細については、私たち以前の作業12を参照してください。
<ol><li>Ca. かみそりの刃を使用して複雑な形をしたプロトタイプから内部のらせんの 1 cm をカットします。</li>
	<li>サンプルをダブル両面カーボン導電性テープのサンプル ホルダーに取り付けます。</li>
	<li>イメージング、前に 30 サンプル コート スパッタ リング システムに nm Pt ・ Pd (試しました)。</li>
	<li>5 の加速電圧で動作する走査型電子顕微鏡に試料を挿入 kV。30 X のサンプルのいくつかの画像と 120 倍の倍率を取得します。</li>
</ol>

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オーダーメイド プロトタイプおよび小さいシリーズは、金型とツールの生産のための必要性がないので部品 1 個あたりの高い生産コストが従来プロセスと競うことができる添加剤の製造を適用します。過去 10 年間のサービスおよび添加剤の製造に関連する製品の売り上げ高は13指数関数的に成長しています。材料販売の最大の分数は、フォトポリマーからです。成長は注目...

ラピッドプロトタイピングは、オンデマンド生産とデザイン自由でき 3 D の効率的な製造を層によって方法1で構築します。その結果、加工技術として 3 D プリントは、近年2で急速に開発しました。様々 な技術が利用できるすべては, 実物体に仮想モデルの翻訳に頼ると押し出し、直接エネルギー蒸着、粉末凝固、シート積層光重合などのプロセスを適用します。後者は、液状感光性樹脂樹脂の段階的な UV 硬化を含まれます。1986 年に、船体と同僚光造形装置 (SLA) UV レーザー ベースの 3 D プリンターの開発。最近では、デジタル ライト処理 (DLP) と呼ばれる同様のプロセスは、光重合、光プロジェクターによって開始で、利用可能になりました。一緒に、DLP と SLA は光造形 3 D 印刷3とに呼ばれます。
SLA は、高解像度のプロトタイピングおよびバイオメディカル デバイス4、5の製造に適用されます。この技術は (FDM) のモデリング精度、表面仕上、解像度6面で広く使用されている熱溶解積層に優れています。製品のアーキテクチャによってサポート構造は製作中に構造を安定させるために 3 D モデルに統合されています。さらに、製造された部品の印刷後処理トリートメントは必要な7,8です。通常、印刷オブジェクトは未反応の樹脂を溶解するためアルコールお風呂で洗っているし、重合9の完全な転換を保証する UV オーブンでその後硬化が実行されます。
一般に、樹脂添加剤の製造の露光ベースは多機能アクリレートやエポキシド10を含む硬化システムに依存します。商業市場における現在の感光性樹脂樹脂が化石に基づく、高価なバイオベースマテリアル経済1持続可能な 3 D 製品の無駄の無い、ローカル製造を容易にするために低コストの再生可能な樹脂の可用性が必要ですが,6。 最近では、再生可能なアクリル酸エステル樹脂感光性樹脂を開発され、光造形 3 d 印刷11,12で正常に適用されました。この詳細なプロトコル、商業光造形装置バイオベースマテリアル樹脂ラピッドプロトタイピングを紹介します。特別な注意は、樹脂製剤およびポスト印刷トリートメント、添加剤の製造の分野で新しい実務を支援するなどの手順で重要なステップに支払われます。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Isobornyl acrylate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sartomer</td><td>SA5102</td><td>Acrylate monomer</td></tr><tr><td>1,10-decanediol diacrylate</td><td>Sartomer</td><td>SA5201</td><td>Acrylate monomer</td></tr><tr><td>Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate</td><td>Sartomer</td><td>SA5400</td><td>Acrylate monomer</td></tr><tr><td>Multifunctional epoxy acrylate</td><td>Sartomer</td><td>SA7101</td><td>Acrylate oligomer</td></tr><tr><td>Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO), 97%</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>415952</td><td>Photoinitiator</td></tr><tr><td>2,5-bis(5-&lt;em&gt;tert&lt;/em&gt;-butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene (BBOT), 99%</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>223999</td><td>Optical absorber</td></tr><tr><td>Isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 99%</td><td>Bleko</td><td>1010500</td><td>For alcohol bath (applied in Form Wash)</td></tr><tr><td>Paar Physica MCR300&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Anton Paar</td><td>-</td><td>Rheometer with parallel plate geometry</td></tr><tr><td>Form 2 Printer</td><td>Formlabs</td><td>-</td><td>Desktop SLA 3D printer</td></tr><tr><td>Form Wash&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Formlabs</td><td>-</td><td>Washing station</td></tr><tr><td>Form Cure</td><td>Formlabs</td><td>-</td><td>UV oven</td></tr><tr><td>Instron 4301 1KN Series IX</td><td>Instron</td><td>-</td><td>Universal testing machine</td></tr><tr><td>Philips XL30 ESEM-FEG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Philips</td><td>-</td><td>Scanning electron microscope</td></tr></tbody></table>

stereolithographic 3d printing with renewable acrylates

コスト競争力の再生可能な材料と添加剤の製造への応用のアクセシビリティは、効率的なバイオベースマテリアル経済に不可欠です。Stereolithographic の 3 D プリンターを使用して持続可能な樹脂のラピッドプロトタイピングを紹介します。樹脂製剤はバイオベースマテリアル アクリレート系モノマー ・ オリゴマーの簡単な混合 photoinitiatior と光の吸収によって起こる。樹脂の粘度はモノマーとオリゴマーの比率によって制御され、平行平板形状レオメータによる剪断速度の関数として決定されます。バイオベースマテリアル樹脂で起訴 stereolithographic 装置を採用して、高精度で複雑な形状の試作品を生産します。製品は、アルコール洗浄と紫外線照射による、完全硬化を確認など後処理が必要です。走査型電子顕微鏡は、高機能の解像度と優れた表面仕上げのプロトタイプを明らかにしました。

4 代表的な樹脂組成物は、表 1、その平均バイオベースマテリアル炭素含有量と共に (BC) コンポーネントの個々 の BC から派生したに表示されます。樹脂の粘度 (図 1) アクリル酸モノマー、オリゴマーの比率に影響されます、通常ニュー トン粘性挙動を示します。様々 な樹脂から製造された部品の機械的性質は、応力-ひずみ解析に?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stereolithographic 3D Printing with Renewable Acrylates at JoVE.com

Stereolithographic 3D Printing with Renewable Acrylates

光造形装置で再生可能な感光性樹脂樹脂添加剤の製造のためのプロトコルが表示されます。

再生可能なアクリレートと Stereolithographic 3 D プリント

The accessibility of cost-competitive renewable materials and their application in additive manufacturing is essential for an efficient biobased economy. ...

stereolithographic-3d-printing-with-renewable-acrylates

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

9.4K ビュー.  NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences. 光造形装置で再生可能な感光性樹脂樹脂添加剤の製造のためのプロトコルが表示されます。

ビデオ: Stereolithographic 3D Printing with Renewable Acrylates

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices1-3. In this paper, we focus on one- (1D), two- (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) printing of conductive metallic inks in the form of flexible, stretchable, and spanning microelectrodes.
Direct-write assembly4,5 is a 1-to-3D printing technique that enables the fabrication of features ranging from simple lines to complex structures by the deposition of concentrated inks through fine nozzles (~0.1 - 250 &mu;m). This printing method consists of a computer-controlled 3-axis translation stage, an ink reservoir and nozzle, and 10x telescopic lens for visualization. Unlike inkjet printing, a droplet-based process, direct-write assembly involves the extrusion of ink filaments either in- or out-of-plane. The printed filaments typically conform to the nozzle size. Hence, microscale features (&lt; 1 &mu;m) can be patterned and assembled into larger arrays and multidimensional architectures.
In this paper, we first synthesize a highly concentrated silver nanoparticle ink for planar and 3D printing via direct-write assembly. Next, a standard protocol for printing microelectrodes in multidimensional motifs is demonstrated. Finally, applications of printed microelectrodes for electrically small antennas, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes are highlighted.

Planar and three-dimensional printing of conductive metallic inks is described. Our approach provides new avenues for fabricating printed electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices in unusual layouts at the microscale.

導電性インクの平面および三次元印刷

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical ...

生物工学

3D Printing of Biomolecular Models for Research and Pedagogy

The construction of physical three-dimensional (3D) models of biomolecules can uniquely contribute to the study of the structure-function relationship. 3D structures are most often perceived using the two-dimensional and exclusively visual medium of the computer screen. Converting digital 3D molecular data into real objects enables information to be perceived through an expanded range of human senses, including direct stereoscopic vision, touch, and interaction. Such tangible models facilitate new insights, enable hypothesis testing, and serve as psychological or sensory anchors for conceptual information about the functions of biomolecules. Recent advances in consumer 3D printing technology enable, for the first time, the cost-effective fabrication of high-quality and scientifically accurate models of biomolecules in a variety of molecular representations. However, the optimization of the virtual model and its printing parameters is difficult and time consuming without detailed guidance. Here, we provide a guide on the digital design and physical fabrication of biomolecule models for research and pedagogy using open source or low-cost software and low-cost 3D printers that use fused filament fabrication technology.

Physical models of biomolecules can facilitate an understanding of their structure-function for the researcher, aid in communication between researchers, and serve as an educational tool in pedagogical endeavors. Here, we provide detailed guidance for the 3D printing of accurate models of biomolecules using fused filament fabrication desktop 3D printers.

研究と教育学のための生体分子モデルの3Dプリント

The construction of physical three-dimensional (3D) models of biomolecules can uniquely contribute to the study of the structure-function relationship. 3D ...

工学

Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture

Bioprinting is an emerging technology that has its origins in the rapid prototyping industry. The different printing processes can be divided into contact bioprinting1-4 (extrusion, dip pen and soft lithography), contactless bioprinting5-7 (laser forward transfer, ink-jet deposition) and laser based techniques such as two photon photopolymerization8. It can be used for many applications such as tissue engineering9-13, biosensor microfabrication14-16 and as a tool to answer basic biological questions such as influences of co-culturing of different cell types17. Unlike common photolithographic or soft-lithographic methods, extrusion bioprinting has the advantage that it does not require a separate mask or stamp. Using CAD software, the design of the structure can quickly be changed and adjusted according to the requirements of the operator. This makes bioprinting more flexible than lithography-based approaches.
Here we demonstrate the printing of a sacrificial mold to create a multi-material 3D structure using an array of pillars within a hydrogel as an example. These pillars could represent hollow structures for a vascular network or the tubes within a nerve guide conduit. The material chosen for the sacrificial mold was poloxamer 407, a thermoresponsive polymer with excellent printing properties which is liquid at 4 &deg;C and a solid above its gelation temperature ~20 &deg;C for 24.5% w/v solutions18. This property allows the poloxamer-based sacrificial mold to be eluted on demand and has advantages over the slow dissolution of a solid material especially for narrow geometries. Poloxamer was printed on microscope glass slides to create the sacrificial mold. Agarose was pipetted into the mold and cooled until gelation. After elution of the poloxamer in ice cold water, the voids in the agarose mold were filled with alginate methacrylate spiked with FITC labeled fibrinogen. The filled voids were then cross-linked with UV and the construct was imaged with an epi-fluorescence microscope.

A bioprinter was used to create patterned hydrogels based on a sacrificial mold. The poloxamer mold was backfilled with a second hydrogel and then eluted, leaving voids which were filled with a third hydrogel. This method uses fast elution and good printability of poloxamer to generate complex architectures from biopolymers.

模様の作成3D細胞培養のための2つの成分​​のために温度応答性ハイドロゲルリバース金型の印刷

Bioprinting is an emerging technology that has its origins in the rapid prototyping industry. The different printing processes can be divided into contact ...

免疫・感染学

Procedure for the Transfer of Polymer Films Onto Porous Substrates with Minimized Defects

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support substrates. Accomplishing this transfer in a highly controlled, mechanized, and reproducible manner can eliminate the creation of macroscale defect structures (e.g., tears, cracks, and wrinkles) within the thin film that compromise device performance and the usable area per sample. Here, we describe a general protocol for the highly controlled and mechanized transfer of a polymeric thin film onto an arbitrary porous support substrate for eventual use as a water filtration membrane device. Specifically, we fabricate a block copolymer (BCP) thin film on top of a sacrificial, water-soluble poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layer and silicon wafer substrate. We then utilize a custom-designed, 3D-printed transfer tool and drain chamber system to deposit, lift-off, and transfer the BCP thin film onto the center of a porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) support disc. The transferred BCP thin film is shown to be consistently placed onto the center of the support surface due to the guidance of the meniscus formed between the water and the 3D-printed plastic drain chamber. We also compare our mechanized transfer-processed thin films to those that have been transferred by hand with the use of tweezers. Optical inspection and image analysis of the transferred thin films from the mechanized process confirm that little-to-no macroscale inhomogeneities or plastic deformations are produced, as compared to the multitude of tears and wrinkles produced from manual transfer by hand. Our results suggest that the proposed strategy for thin film transfer can reduce defects when compared to other methods across many systems and applications.

We present a procedure for highly controlled and wrinkle-free transfer of block copolymer thin films onto porous support substrates using a 3D-printed drain chamber. The drain chamber design is of general relevance to all procedures involving transfer of macromolecular films onto porous substrates, which is normally done by hand in an irreproducible fashion.

欠陥を最小限に抑えた多孔質基板へのポリマーフィルムの移送手順

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support ...

Three-dimensional Biomimetic Technology: Novel Biorubber Creates Defined Micro- and Macro-scale Architectures in Collagen Hydrogels

Tissue scaffolds play a crucial role in the tissue regeneration process. The ideal scaffold must fulfill several requirements such as having proper composition, targeted modulus, and well-defined architectural features. Biomaterials that recapitulate the intrinsic architecture of in vivo tissue are vital for studying diseases as well as to facilitate the regeneration of lost and malformed soft tissue. A novel biofabrication technique was developed which combines state of the art imaging, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and selective enzymatic activity to create a new generation of biomaterials for research and clinical application. The developed material, Bovine Serum Albumin rubber, is reaction injected into a mold that upholds specific geometrical features. This sacrificial material allows the adequate transfer of architectural features to a natural scaffold material. The prototype consists of a 3D collagen scaffold with 4 and 3 mm channels that represent a branched architecture. This paper emphasizes the use of this biofabrication technique for the generation of natural constructs. This protocol utilizes a computer-aided software (CAD) to manufacture a solid mold which will be reaction injected with BSA rubber followed by the enzymatic digestion of the rubber, leaving its architectural features within the scaffold material.

An innovative biofabrication technique was developed to engineer three-dimensional constructs that resemble the architectural features, components, and mechanical properties of in vivo tissue. This technique features a newly developed sacrificial material, BSA rubber, which transfers detailed spatial features, reproducing the in vivo architectures of a wide variety of tissues.

三次元バイオミメティック・テクノロジー：小説Biorubberはコラーゲンハイドロゲルで定義されたマイクロ・マクロスケールのアーキテクチャを作成します。

Tissue scaffolds play a crucial role in the tissue regeneration process. The ideal scaffold must fulfill several requirements such as having proper ...

Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue

Biomedical optical imaging is playing an important role in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. However, the accuracy and the reproducibility of an optical imaging device are greatly affected by the performance characteristics of its components, the test environment, and the operations. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate these devices by traceable phantom standards. However, most of the currently available phantoms are homogeneous phantoms that cannot simulate multimodal and dynamic characteristics of biological tissue. Here, we show the fabrication of heterogeneous tissue-simulating phantoms using a production line integrating a spin coating module, a polyjet module, a fused deposition modeling (FDM) module, and an automatic control framework. The structural information and the optical parameters of a &#34;digital optical phantom&#34; are defined in a prototype file, imported to the production line, and fabricated layer-by-layer with sequential switch between different printing modalities. Technical capability of such a production line is exemplified by the automatic printing of skin-simulating phantoms that comprise the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and an embedded tumor.

Spin coating, polyjet printing, and fused deposition modeling are integrated to produce multilayered heterogeneous phantoms that simulate structural and functional properties of biological tissue.

生体組織をシミュレートするファントムのマルチモーダル3Dプリンティング

Biomedical optical imaging is playing an important role in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. However, the accuracy and the reproducibility of ...

Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing

With the growth in accessibility of 3D printing, there has been a growing application of and interest in additive manufacturing processes in chemical laboratories and chemical education. Building on the long and successful history of physical modeling of molecular systems, we present select models along with a protocol to facilitate 3D printing of molecular structures that are able to do more than represent shape and connectivity. Models assembled as described incorporate dynamic aspects and degrees of freedom into saturated hydrocarbon structures. As a representative example, cyclohexane was assembled from parts printed and finished using different thermoplastics, and the resulting models retain their functionality at a variety of scales. The resulting structures show configurational space accessibility consistent with calculations and literature, and versions of these structures can be used as aids to illustrate concepts that are difficult to convey in other ways. This exercise enables us to evaluate successful printing protocols, make practical recommendations for assembly, and outline design principles for physical modeling of molecular systems. The provided structures, procedures, and results provide a foundation for individual manufacture and exploration of molecular structure and dynamics with 3D printing.

Physical modeling of microscopic systems helps obtain insights that are difficult to gain by other means. To facilitate the construction of physical molecular models, we demonstrate how 3D printing can be used to assemble functional macroscopic models that capture qualities of molecular systems in a tactile way.

3Dプリンティングによるインタラクティブ分子モデルアセンブリ

With the growth in accessibility of 3D printing, there has been a growing application of and interest in additive manufacturing processes in chemical ...

化学

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

3D printing provides facile access to geometrically complex materials. However, these materials have intrinsically linked bulk and interfacial properties dependent on the chemical composition of the resin. In the current work, 3D printed materials are post-functionalized using the 3D printer hardware via a secondary surface-initiated polymerization process, thus providing independent control over the bulk and interfacial material properties. This process begins with preparing liquid resins, which contain a monofunctional monomer, a crosslinking multifunctional monomer, a photochemically labile species that enables initiation of polymerization, and critically, a thiocarbonylthio compound which facilitates reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The thiocarbonylthio compound, known commonly as a RAFT agent, mediates the chain growth polymerization process and provides polymeric materials with more homogeneous network structures. The liquid resin is cured in a layer-by-layer fashion using a commercially available digital light processing 3D printer to give three-dimensional materials having spatially controlled geometries. The initial resin is removed and replaced with a new mixture containing functional monomers and photoinitiating species. The 3D printed material is then exposed to light from the 3D printer in the presence of the new functional monomer mixture. This allows photoinduced surface-initiated polymerization to occur from the latent RAFT agent groups on the surface of the 3D printed material. Given the chemical flexibility of both resins, this process allows a wide range of 3D printed materials to be produced with tailorable bulk and interfacial properties.

3D Printing and In Situ Surface Modification via Type I Photoinitiated Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

The present protocol describes the digital light processing-based 3D printing of polymeric materials using type I photoinitiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and the subsequent in situ material post-functionalization via surface-mediated polymerization. Photoinduced 3D printing provides materials with independently tailored and spatially controlled bulk and interfacial properties.

タイプI光開始可逆的付加フラグメンテーション連鎖移動重合による3DプリンティングおよびIn Situ表面改質

3D printing provides facile access to geometrically complex materials. However, these materials have intrinsically linked bulk and interfacial properties ...

Novel Process for 3D Printing Decellularized Matrices

3D bioprinting aims to create custom scaffolds that are biologically active and accommodate the desired size and geometry. A thermoplastic backbone can provide mechanical stability similar to native tissue while biologic agents offer compositional cues to progenitor cells, leading to their migration, proliferation, and differentiation to reconstitute the original tissues/organs1,2. Unfortunately, many 3D printing compatible, bioresorbable polymers (such as polylactic acid, PLA) are printed at temperatures of 210 &#176;C or higher - temperatures that are detrimental to biologics. On the other hand, polycaprolactone (PCL), a different type of polyester, is a bioresorbable, 3D printable material that has a gentler printing temperature of 65 &#176;C. Therefore, it was hypothesized that decellularized extracellular matrix (DM) contained within a thermally protective PLA barrier could be printed within PCL filament and remain in its functional conformation. In this work, osteochondral repair was the application for which the hypothesis was tested. As such, porcine cartilage was decellularized and encapsulated in polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres which were then extruded with polycaprolactone (PCL) into filament to produce 3D constructs via fused deposition modeling. The constructs with or without the microspheres (PLA-DM/PCL and PCL(-), respectively) were evaluated for differences in surface features.

This protocol describes the production of polycaprolactone (PCL) filament with embedded polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres which contain decellularized matrices (DM) for 3D printing of structural tissue engineering constructs.

3 D プリントのための新規プロセス脱行列

3D bioprinting aims to create custom scaffolds that are biologically active and accommodate the desired size and geometry. A thermoplastic backbone can ...

ECM硬化に対する細胞応答をプローブするためのフォトチューナブルバイオプリントハイドロゲル

3D Bioprinting Phototunable Hydrogels to Study Fibroblast Activation

Phototunable hydrogels can transform spatially and temporally in response to light exposure. Incorporating these types of biomaterials in cell-culture platforms and dynamically triggering changes, such as increasing microenvironmental stiffness, enables researchers to model changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that occur during fibrotic disease progression. Herein, a method is presented for 3D bioprinting a phototunable hydrogel biomaterial capable of two sequential polymerization reactions within a gelatin support bath. The technique of Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) bioprinting was adapted by adjusting the pH of the support bath to facilitate a Michael addition reaction. First, the bioink containing poly(ethylene glycol)-alpha methacrylate (PEG&#945;MA) was reacted off-stoichiometry with a cell-degradable crosslinker to form soft hydrogels. These soft hydrogels were later exposed to photoinitator and light to induce the homopolymerization of unreacted groups and stiffen the hydrogel. This protocol covers hydrogel synthesis, 3D bioprinting, photostiffening, and endpoint characterizations to assess fibroblast activation within 3D structures. The method presented here enables researchers to 3D bioprint a variety of materials that undergo pH-catalyzed polymerization reactions and could be implemented to engineer various models of tissue homeostasis, disease, and repair.

著者スポットライト:3Dプリントされたフォトチューナブルハイドロゲルを使用した慢性肺疾患の理解 

This article describes how to 3D bioprint phototunable hydrogels to study extracellular matrix stiffening and fibroblast activation.

線維芽細胞の活性化を研究するための3Dバイオプリンティング用フォトチューナブルハイドロゲル

Phototunable hydrogels can transform spatially and temporally in response to light exposure. Incorporating these types of biomaterials in cell-culture ...

再生可能なアクリレートと Stereolithographic 3 D プリント

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

導電性インクの平面および三次元印刷

研究と教育学のための生体分子モデルの3Dプリント

模様の作成3D細胞培養のための2つの成分のために温度応答性ハイドロゲルリバース金型の印刷

欠陥を最小限に抑えた多孔質基板へのポリマーフィルムの移送手順

三次元バイオミメティック・テクノロジー：小説Biorubberはコラーゲンハイドロゲルで定義されたマイクロ・マクロスケールのアーキテクチャを作成します。

生体組織をシミュレートするファントムのマルチモーダル3Dプリンティング

3Dプリンティングによるインタラクティブ分子モデルアセンブリ

タイプI光開始可逆的付加フラグメンテーション連鎖移動重合による3DプリンティングおよびIn Situ表面改質

3 D プリントのための新規プロセス脱行列

線維芽細胞の活性化を研究するための3Dバイオプリンティング用フォトチューナブルハイドロゲル

再生可能なアクリレートと Stereolithographic 3 D プリント

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

導電性インクの平面および三次元印刷

研究と教育学のための生体分子モデルの3Dプリント

模様の作成3D細胞培養のための2つの成分​​のために温度応答性ハイドロゲルリバース金型の印刷

欠陥を最小限に抑えた多孔質基板へのポリマーフィルムの移送手順

三次元バイオミメティック・テクノロジー：小説Biorubberはコラーゲンハイドロゲルで定義されたマイクロ・マクロスケールのアーキテクチャを作成します。

生体組織をシミュレートするファントムのマルチモーダル3Dプリンティング

3Dプリンティングによるインタラクティブ分子モデルアセンブリ

タイプI光開始可逆的付加フラグメンテーション連鎖移動重合による3DプリンティングおよびIn Situ表面改質

3 D プリントのための新規プロセス脱行列

線維芽細胞の活性化を研究するための3Dバイオプリンティング用フォトチューナブルハイドロゲル

模様の作成3D細胞培養のための2つの成分のために温度応答性ハイドロゲルリバース金型の印刷