Name: handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children
Uploaded: 2018-09-11T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 4 min 55 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children at JoVE.com

著者は、博士李カイ ピン ・ ヘッド ・ シニア ・ コンサルタント、子供の緊急時、株式会社女性と子供の病院、100 ブキティマ ロードやシンガポールのビデオ記事生産と管理のサポートのためにありがとうございます。記事は、「ハンドヘルド金属探知機の金属外国ボディ摂取で小児緊急」; から許可を得て再現8 月 2018:85 (8): 618-624。Hazwani Binte ハムザ、通夜ジェームズ、スラジュのもとマニッカム、Sashikumar Ganapathy: 小児科のインド ジャーナルの著作権します。

プロトコル人間研究倫理委員会のガイドラインに従います。中央倫理委員会には、研究のための倫理の承認が提供されています。
1. 参加者のスクリーニング
<ol><li>外国ボディ摂取の歴史を持つ小児の救急外来に患者を募集します。</li>
	<li>呼吸困難は、ペース メーカーのようなデバイスを注入して患者を除外します。</li>
</ol>2. 患者を準備します。
<ol><li>病院のガウンに患者をドレスアップします。</li>
	<li>服、メガネ、イヤリング、ペンダント、HHMD スクリーニングとの干渉を避けるために試験前に装飾品などの金属物を含む可能性のあるすべての項目を削除します。</li>
	<li>他の潜在的な金属の干渉からの部屋のセンターに患者を配置します。</li>
</ol>3. 審査官と介護を準備します。
<ol><li>宝石や時計などすべての金属製のアクセサリーを取り外します。</li>
	<li>宝石や時計などすべての金属製のアクセサリーを削除する介護を要求します。</li>
</ol>4. 金属探知機検査
<ol><li>HHMD (図 1) を使用してスクリーニングを実施します。</li>
	<li>金属の部分を振ることによって肯定的な音響信号を引き出すことによって、HHMD の動作状態を確認します。</li>
	<li>大きな子供の立ち位置でスキャン HHMD を実行します。</li>
	<li>HHMD 介護者保持する患者を適切に持っていることによって幼児の直立位置でスキャンを実行します。</li>
	<li>体からは、患者の手を保持します。</li>
	<li>首を公開する拡張機能で患者の頭の位置。</li>
	<li>首から骨盤の解剖学的領域をカバーする股関節のレベルにあごのレベルからスキャンします。</li>
	<li>すべての領域がスキャンされていることを確認する体の間でジグザグにスキャンを実行します。</li>
	<li>スキャン両方前方と後方、患者の厚さを考慮する必要があります。</li>
	<li>慎重に MFBs の存在をスキャン中に肯定的な音響信号に注意してください。</li>
</ol>5 関連するレントゲン写真を実行します。
<ol><li>HHMD、MFBs 検診で検出された地域ごとや首、胸、腹部、関連するレントゲン写真を注文します。</li>
	<li>外国ボディ摂取が高い、MFB は HHMD スクリーニングおよび疑いの臨床指標の中に検出されませんでした (首、胸部、腹部) すべての x 線ビューを続行します。</li>
</ol>6. テスト結果を記録します。
<ol><li>ワークフロー (図 1) に基づく具体的作成日誌 (図 2) のテスト結果を記録。</li>
	<li>次の著名な骨ランドマーク - 両側の腸骨稜、恥骨結合部の 3部胸骨切痕の触診で体には、基になる骨ランドマークと肯定的な音響 HHMD 信号を関連付けてください。</li>
	<li>X 線検査に進む前にログブックの解剖参照輪郭のランドマークを記録します。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Lee, J., Ahmad, S., Gale, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+coins+ingested+by+children+using+a+handheld+metal+detector:+a+systematic+review.">Detection of coins ingested by children using a handheld metal detector: a systematic review.</a> Emergency Medicine Journal. 22 (12), 839-844 (2005).</li><li>Hesham A-Kader, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foreign+body+ingestion:+children+like+to+put+objects+in+their+mouth.">Foreign body ingestion: children like to put objects in their mouth.</a> World Journal of Pediatrics. 6 (4), 301-310 (2010).</li><li>Muensterer, O. J., Joppich, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+and+topographic+localization+of+metallic+foreign+bodies+by+metal+detector.">Identification and topographic localization of metallic foreign bodies by metal detector.</a> Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 39 (8), 1245-1248 (2004).</li><li>Nation, J., Jiang, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+utility+of+a+handheld+metal+detector+in+detection+and+localization+of+pediatric+metallic+foreign+body+ingestion.">The utility of a handheld metal detector in detection and localization of pediatric metallic foreign body ingestion.</a> International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 92, 1-6 (2017).</li><li>Arena, L., Baker, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+metal+detector+to+identify+ingested+metallic+foreign+bodies.">Use of a metal detector to identify ingested metallic foreign bodies.</a> American Journal of Roentgenology. 155 (4), 803-804 (1990).</li><li>Younger, R. M., Darrow, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handheld+metal+detector+confirmation+of+radiopaque+foreign+bodies+in+the+esophagus.">Handheld metal detector confirmation of radiopaque foreign bodies in the esophagus.</a> Archives of Otolaryngology--Head &amp; Neck Surgery. 127 (11), 1371-1374 (2001).</li><li>Schalamon, J., Haxhija, E. Q., Ainoedhofer, H., G&#246;ssler, A., Schleef, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+a+hand-held+metal+detector+for+localisation+of+ingested+metallic+foreign+bodies+-+a+critical+investigation.">The use of a hand-held metal detector for localisation of ingested metallic foreign bodies - a critical investigation.</a> European Journal of Pediatrics. 163 (4-5), 257-259 (2004).</li><li>Kay, M., Wyllie, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pediatric+foreign+bodies+and+their+management.">Pediatric foreign bodies and their management.</a> Current Gastroenterology Reports. 7 (3), 212-218 (2005).</li><li>Rothmann, B. F., Boeckman, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foreign+bodies+in+the+larynx+and+tracheobronchial+tree+in+children.+A+review+of+225+cases.">Foreign bodies in the larynx and tracheobronchial tree in children. A review of 225 cases.</a> The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 89 (5), 434-436 (1980).</li><li>Pugmire, B. S., Lim, R., Avery, L. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Review+of+Ingested+and+Aspirated+Foreign+Bodies+in+Children+and+Their+Clinical+Significance+for+Radiologists.">Review of Ingested and Aspirated Foreign Bodies in Children and Their Clinical Significance for Radiologists.</a> Radiographics. 35 (5), 1528-1538 (2015).</li><li>Hodge, D., Tecklenburg, F., Fleisher, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coin+ingestion:+does+every+child+need+a+radiograph.">Coin ingestion: does every child need a radiograph.</a> Annals of Emergency Medicine. 14 (5), 443-446 (1985).</li><li>Schunk, J. E., Harrison, A. M., Corneli, H. M., Nixon, G. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluoroscopic+foley+catheter+removal+of+esophageal+foreign+bodies+in+children:+experience+with+415+episodes.">Fluoroscopic foley catheter removal of esophageal foreign bodies in children: experience with 415 episodes.</a> Pediatrics. 94 (5), 709-714 (1994).</li><li>Kerschner, J. E., Beste, D. J., Conley, S. F., Kenna, M. A., Lee, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mediastinitis+associated+with+foreign+body+erosion+of+the+esophagus+in+children.">Mediastinitis associated with foreign body erosion of the esophagus in children.</a> International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 59 (2), 89-97 (2001).</li><li>Ahn, D., Heo, S. J., Park, J. H., Sohn, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracheoesophageal+fistula+with+tracheal+stenosis+resulting+from+retained+esophageal+foreign+body.">Tracheoesophageal fistula with tracheal stenosis resulting from retained esophageal foreign body.</a> Auris Nasus Larynx. 38 (6), 753-756 (2011).</li><li>Dahiya, M., Denton, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Esophagoaortic+perforation+by+foreign+body+(coin)+causing+sudden+death+in+a+3-year-old+child.">Esophagoaortic perforation by foreign body (coin) causing sudden death in a 3-year-old child.</a> The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 20 (2), 184-188 (1999).</li><li>O'Brien, G. C., Winter, D. C., Kirwan, W. O., Redmond, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ingested+foreign+bodies+in+the+paediatric+patient.">Ingested foreign bodies in the paediatric patient.</a> Irish Journal of Medical Science. 170 (2), 100-102 (2001).</li><li>Bassett, K. E., Schunk, J. E., Logan, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localizing+ingested+coins+with+a+metal+detector.">Localizing ingested coins with a metal detector.</a> The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 17 (4), 338-341 (1999).</li><li>Gooden, E. A., Forte, V., Papsin, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+commercially+available+metal+detector+for+the+localization+of+metallic+foreign+body+ingestion+in+children.">Use of a commercially available metal detector for the localization of metallic foreign body ingestion in children.</a> The Journal of Otolaryngology. 29 (4), 218-220 (2000).</li><li>Sacchetti, A., Carraccio, C., Lichenstein, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand-held+metal+detector+identification+of+ingested+foreign+bodies.">Hand-held metal detector identification of ingested foreign bodies.</a> Pediatric Emergency Care. 10 (4), 204-207 (1994).</li><li>Hamzah, H. B., James, V., Manickam, S., Ganapathy, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handheld+Metal+Detector+for+Metallic+Foreign+Body+Ingestion+in+Pediatric+Emergency.">Handheld Metal Detector for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Pediatric Emergency.</a> Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 85 (8), 618-624 (2018).</li><li>Doraiswamy, N. V., Baig, H., Hallam, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal+detector+and+swallowed+metal+foreign+bodies+in+children.">Metal detector and swallowed metal foreign bodies in children.</a> Journal of Accident &amp; Emergency Medicine. 16 (2), 123-125 (1999).</li><li>Seikel, K., Primm, P. A., Elizondo, B. J., Remley, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handheld+metal+detector+localization+of+ingested+metallic+foreign+bodies:+accurate+in+any+hands.">Handheld metal detector localization of ingested metallic foreign bodies: accurate in any hands.</a> Archives of Pediatrics &amp; Adolescent Medicine. 153 (8), 853-857 (1999).</li><li>Lemberg, P. S., Darrow, D. H., Holinger, L. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aerodigestive+tract+foreign+bodies+in+the+older+child+and+adolescent.">Aerodigestive tract foreign bodies in the older child and adolescent.</a> The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 105 (4), 267-271 (1996).</li><li>Stack, L. B., Munter, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foreign+bodies+in+the+gastrointestinal+tract.">Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract.</a> Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 14 (3), 493-521 (1996).</li><li>Saz, E. U., Arikan, C., Ozgen&#231;, F., Duyu, M., Ozananar, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+utility+of+handheld+metal+detector+in+confirming+metallic+foreign+body+ingestion+in+the+pediatric+emergency+department.">The utility of handheld metal detector in confirming metallic foreign body ingestion in the pediatric emergency department.</a> The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology: The Official Journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology. 21 (2), 135-139 (2010).</li></ol>

著者が明らかに何もありません。

金属外部共通の問題であり、患者の大半は、これは子供の体内摂取管理される保守的7,16。繰り返されるレントゲン写真は、摂取した金属異物をローカライズする際に、不要な放射線リスクにラジオに敏感な小児人口を公開できます。いくつかの研究は、子供、96% 以上の感度と特異度 801,7,<sup class...

外国ボディ摂取子供幼児や子供、試飲し、それらに1,2を嚥下オブジェクトを調べることの自然な好奇心旺盛な性質のため小児救急部に提示の間で広範な問題であります。以前の研究では、金属のオブジェクトがすべての異物水飲みのコホートにおける患者3,4の 85% を構成したを報告しています。このプロトコルの目的は、精度と子供に摂取した金属異物を検出するハンドヘルド金属探知機を使用しての可能性を評価するためです。提案するプロトコル金属異物摂取の高い疑いの目で子供たちのトリアージ プロセスの早い段階でのスクリーニング、ハンドヘルド金属探知器を導入し、金属の異物をローカライズすることを命じられたレントゲン写真の番号がすることができます。このラジオに敏感な人口の減少。
ハンドヘルド金属探知器 (HHMD) は、摂取した金属異物の管理を促進するために助けることができる安価な簡単にアクセスできる補助です。金属探知機は、受信機とその周辺3で金属物の存在によって引き起こされるその電磁界の変化を検出し送信機を持っている非常に低い周波数のデバイスです。金属オブジェクトがフィールド内にある場合、電磁界が中断され、センサー デバイス4音響アラームをオフに設定。金属探知機検査は、2 分の5未満で徹底的に実行できます。したがって、金属異物摂取の地誌的定位の高い疑いの目で子供たちのトリアージ プロセスの初期に HHMD のスクリーニングを導入できます。
硬貨は、最も一般的な金属異物の嚥下1,4,6,7です。シャープなエッジと一般的な非毒性の自然の不足のためコイン水飲みの大半は保守的管理されます。よく摂取物質の他の種類は、磁石、ボタン電池、小さいおもちゃ、ピーナッツ、ジュエリー、ボタン、骨、種子、およびポップコーン8,9に含まれます。異物の宿便は、3 サイト、すなわち上部食道括約筋、大動脈弓およびより低い食道の括約筋の10のレベルで中部食道の食道に最もよく発生します。金属異物 (MFBs)、食道にある患者11,12の 40% で無症候性かもしれないし、その長期の宿便は、縦隔炎、食道穿孔のような様々 な合併症につながることが気管食道瘻、気管狭窄、大動脈食道瘻1,13,14,15。異物が宿便の他の場所には、幽門、十二指腸、回腸盲腸ジャンクション10が含まれます。
首、胸、および診断に腹部のレントゲン写真を行う外国ボディ摂取は緊急の部門5の広範な練習を疑った。摂取された異物のすべての種類のうち 10% だけはラジオ不透明10にあります。放射線検査は時間がかかる、子供の放射線被ばくのリスクを持っています。摂取した金属製の物体の正確な地形の局在は療法を導くため非常に重要です。HHMD トリアージ プロセスの早い段階でのスクリーニングの導入は、地形上摂取した金属異物をローカライズによるレントゲン写真の余分な順序付けを軽減できます。
本研究では、地形組織的に MFBs をローカライズするのには HHMD の精度を評価し、有効性とローカル小児集団における HHMD の実現可能性を決定します。また、この放射線スクリーニング ツール無料が患者と両親が受け入れられた方法も調べた。5 月、2016 年 7 月の間外国ボディ摂取の歴史を持つ小児救急部に提示されるすべての連続した患者は、研究に含まれていた。インフォームド コンセントは、親または保護者から入手されました。疑惑の外国ボディ摂取患者では、HHMD を使用してスキャンされた体系的に。識別のためのケアのゴールド スタンダードと摂取した金属異物のローカリゼーションは、頸部、胸部、腹部のレントゲンを行っています。試験の実施を容易にするために標準化されたワークフロー (図 1) が作成されました。特にワークフローに基づいて作成ログ帳スプレッドシート (図 2) に転写された後、最初のデータを収集するために使用されました。結果のセクションでデータは、パーセンテージが続くケースの数として描かれています。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hand held metal detector</td><td>Garrett Super Scanner V</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr></tbody></table>

handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children

コインは、子供たちの間で最も一般的な摂取した金属外国ボディです。このプロトコルの目的は、精度と子供に摂取した金属異物を検出するハンドヘルド金属探知機を使用しての可能性を評価するためです。金属異物摂取の高い疑いの目で子供たちのトリアージ プロセスの早い段階でハンドヘルド金属探知器検査を導入し、金属異物をローカライズすることを命じられたレントゲン写真の数がこれで減ることを提案します。ラジオに敏感な人口。研究プロトコルは外国ボディ摂取の歴史と呼吸不全に陥った患者の除外の参加者のスクリーニングを必要とまたは金属インプラントします。病院のガウンと眼鏡、イヤリング、ペンダントのような金属を含む可能性のあるアイテムに変化し, 患者と装飾品が削除されます。患者は、他の金属の干渉から部屋の中央に配置されます。ハンドヘルド金属探知器の動作状態は最初肯定的な音響信号を引き出すことによって確認されます。上映、公開レベルの前方と後方の両方に首からジグザグ方法で骨盤の解剖学的領域をカバーする股関節のレベルにあごから首への拡張における頭直立位置で行われます。肯定的な音響信号は金属異物の有無をスキャン中に慎重に注意を。関連するレントゲン写真は、金属探知機スクリーニングで検出された領域に従って並べられます。ハンドヘルド金属探知機でした当社の研究では摂取した金属異物の中ですべてのコインを正確に識別することができます。ハンドヘルド金属探知器は、一貫して非コイン金属異物を検出できませんでした。このプロトコルは、識別するためにハンドヘルド金属探知器の精度とコインや金属異物のようにコインのローカリゼーションを示します。

研究者は、この観察研究のための 36 の患者を募集しました。これらの患者は外国ボディ摂取の歴史を持つ小児救急部に提示しました。これらのうち、28 人の患者があった金属異物水飲み (図 3)。残りの 8 例は、魚の骨、サテ スティック、およびプラスチック製のボタン等の非金属異物を摂取しました。コインは、異物の摂取 (表 1)?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children at JoVE.com

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

ここでは、外国ボディ摂取の歴史を持つ小児救急部に提示子供に摂取した金属異物の有無を画面に、ハンドヘルド金属探知器を使用するプロトコルを提案する.

ハンドヘルド金属探知器検診小児における金属異物摂取

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a ...

handheld-metal-detector-screening-for-metallic-foreign-body-ingestion

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.6K ビュー.  KK women's and Children's Hospital. ここでは、外国ボディ摂取の歴史を持つ小児救急部に提示子供に摂取した金属異物の有無を画面に、ハンドヘルド金属探知器を使用するプロトコルを提案する.

ビデオ: Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Bacterial Detection &amp; Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Electrochemical sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors operate by transducing a biological recognition event into a useful electrical signal. Signal transduction occurs by coupling the activity of a redox enzyme to an amperometric electrode. Sensor specificity is either an inherent characteristic of the enzyme, glucose oxidase in the case of a glucose sensor, or a product of linkage between the enzyme and an antibody or probe.
Here, we describe an electrochemical sensor assay method to directly detect and identify bacteria. In every case, the probes described here are DNA oligonucleotides. This method is based on sandwich hybridization of capture and detector probes with target ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The capture probe is anchored to the sensor surface, while the detector probe is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). When a substrate such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is added to an electrode with capture-target-detector complexes bound to its surface, the substrate is oxidized by HRP and reduced by the working electrode. This redox cycle results in shuttling of electrons by the substrate from the electrode to HRP, producing current flow in the electrode.

Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

We describe an electrochemical sensor assay method for rapid bacterial detection and identification. The assay involves a sensor array functionalized with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species-specific sequences. Sandwich hybridization of target rRNA with the capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-linked DNA oligonucleotide detector probe produces a measurable amperometric current.

電気化学センサを用いた細菌検出＆識別

Electrochemical  sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and  can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of ...

生物工学

Protocol for the Evaluation of MRI Artifacts Caused by Metal Implants to Assess the Suitability of Implants and the Vulnerability of Pulse Sequences

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter metallic implant-related artifacts in MRI, resulting in reduced image quality. Therefore, the MRI suitability of implants in terms of artifact volume, as well as the development of pulse sequences to reduce image artifacts, are becoming more and more important. Here, we present a comprehensive protocol which allows for a standardized evaluation of the artifact volume of implants on MRI. Furthermore, this protocol can be used to analyze the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to artifacts. The proposed protocol can be applied to T1- and T2-weighted images with or without fat-suppression and all passive implants. Furthermore, the procedure enables the separate and three-dimensional identification of signal loss and pile-up artifacts. As previous investigations differed greatly in evaluation methods, the comparability of their results was limited. Thus, standardized measurements of MRI artifact volumes are necessary to provide better comparability. This may improve the development of the MRI suitability of implants and better pulse sequences to finally improve patient care.

We describe a standardized method to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging artifacts caused by implants to estimate the suitability of the implants for magnetic resonance imaging and/or the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to metallic artifacts simultaneously.

インプラントの適合性とパルス シーケンスの脆弱性を評価するためにインプラントの金属による MRI アーチファクトの評価のためのプロトコル

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter ...

工学

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural basis of human perception, cognition and behavior 1, 2. Moreover, this non-invasive imaging method has grown into a tool for clinicians and researchers to explore typical and atypical brain development. Although advances in neuroimaging tools and techniques are apparent, (f)MRI in young pediatric populations remains relatively infrequent 2. Practical as well as technical challenges when imaging children present clinicians and research teams with a unique set of problems 3, 2. To name just a few, the child participants are challenged by a need for motivation, alertness and cooperation. Anxiety may be an additional factor to be addressed. Researchers or clinicians need to consider time constraints, movement restriction, scanner background noise and unfamiliarity with the MR scanner environment2,4-10. A progressive use of functional and structural neuroimaging in younger age groups, however, could further add to our understanding of brain development. As an example, several research groups are currently working towards early detection of developmental disorders, potentially even before children present associated behavioral characteristics e.g.11. Various strategies and techniques have been reported as a means to ensure comfort and cooperation of young children during neuroimaging sessions. Play therapy 12, behavioral approaches 13, 14,15, 16-18 and simulation 19, the use of mock scanner areas 20,21, basic relaxation 22 and a combination of these techniques 23 have all been shown to improve the participant's compliance and thus MRI data quality. Even more importantly, these strategies have proven to increase the comfort of families and children involved 12. One of the main advances of such techniques for the clinical practice is the possibility of avoiding sedation or general anesthesia (GA) as a way to manage children's compliance during MR imaging sessions 19,20. In the current video report, we present a pediatric neuroimaging protocol with guidelines and procedures that have proven to be successful to date in young children.

Despite an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, the study of young pediatric populations remains a challenge. We present a hands-on, step-by-step video protocol including guidelines for clinicians and researchers intending to perform (f)MRI in young children.

小児神経イメージングプロトコル、ガイドラインと手順 - MRイメージングチャイルドプレイを作る

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural ...

生物学

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. The feasibility of using magnetic forces to capture and retain endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) labeled with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) has been shown previously. But this technique requires the development of a mechanically functional stent from a magnetic and biocompatible material followed by in-vitro and in-vivo testing to prove rapid endothelialization. We developed a weakly ferromagnetic stent from 2205 duplex stainless steel using computer aided design (CAD) and its design was further refined using finite element analysis (FEA). The final design of the stent exhibited a principal strain below the fracture limit of the material during mechanical crimping and expansion. One hundred stents were manufactured and a subset of them was used for mechanical testing, retained magnetic field measurements, in-vitro cell capture studies, and in-vivo implantation studies. Ten stents were tested for deployment to verify if they sustained crimping and expansion cycle without failure. Another 10 stents were magnetized using a strong neodymium magnet and their retained magnetic field was measured. The stents showed that the retained magnetism was sufficient to capture SPION-labeled EOC in our in-vitro studies. SPION-labeled EOC capture and retention was verified in large animal models by implanting 1 magnetized stent and 1 non-magnetized control stent in each of 4 pigs. The stented arteries were explanted after 7 days and analyzed histologically. The weakly magnetic stents developed in this study were capable of attracting and retaining SPION-labeled endothelial cells which can promote rapid healing.

Our goals were to design, manufacture and test ferromagnetic stents for endothelial cell capture. Ten stents were tested for fracture and 10 more stents were tested for retained magnetism. Finally, 10 stents were tested in-vitro and 8 more stents were implanted in 4 pigs to show cell capture and retention.

内皮細胞捕捉および保持のための強磁性ベアメタルステント

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. ...

Hellgrammite as a Non-Conventional Biomonitor for Surface Water and Environmental Health Assessment

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of occurrence, and extended period of immaturity, which can last up to one year. Hellgrammites are clearly known to exhibit sensitivity to pollution and habitat structure impacts. Given these unique features, using Corydalus texanus larvae is highly suitable as reliable biomonitoring agents to assess the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. This protocol aims to provide the necessary tools for C. texanus assessment and demonstrate their efficacy through a case study. Research findings have practical implications, indicating that C. texanus larvae exhibit early-warning responses to mining pollution, bioaccumulating high amounts of heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, and Al. The presence or absence of C. texanus populations may serve as a helpful indicator for identifying potential issues related to ecosystem health. The unconventional approach has shown early warnings of pollution in mining-impacted sites, highlighting the need for timely action to protect the environment. Given their unique traits, the use of C. texanus larvae is highly suggested as a reliable non-conventional bioindicator.

This protocol describes the use of biomarkers for the early detection of deleterious impacts in aquatic ecosystems. The biomarkers are closely related to sentinel traits, and their changes aid in detecting early-warning damages.

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of ...

環境学

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

This paper describes a fabrication protocol for a dipole-assisted solid phase extraction (SPE) microchip available for trace metal analysis in water samples. A brief overview of the evolution of chip-based SPE techniques is provided. This is followed by an introduction to specific polymeric materials and their role in SPE. To develop an innovative dipole-assisted SPE technique, a chlorine (Cl)-containing SPE functionality was implanted into a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microchip. Herein, diverse analytical techniques including contact angle analysis, Raman spectroscopic analysis, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis were employed to validate the utility of the implantation protocol of the C-Cl moieties on the PMMA. The analytical results of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis also demonstrated the feasibility of the Cl-containing PMMA used as an extraction medium by virtue of the dipole-ion interactions between the highly electronegative C-Cl moieties and the positively charged metal ions.

The fabrication protocol of a dipole-assisted solid phase extraction microchip for the trace metal analysis is presented.

水試料中の微量金属分析のためのダイポールアシスト固相抽出マイクロチップの作製

This paper describes a fabrication protocol for a dipole-assisted solid phase extraction (SPE) microchip available for trace metal analysis in water ...

Quantification of Metal Leaching in Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as many of the common di-and trivalent cations used in IMAC resins have an inhibitory effect on enzymes. However, the extent of metal leaching and the impact of various eluting and reducing reagents are poorly understood in large part due to the absence of simple and practical transition metal quantification protocols that use equipment typically available in biochemistry labs. To address this problem, we have developed a protocol to quickly quantify the amount of metal contamination in samples prepared using IMAC as a purification step. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) as a colorimetric indicator for metal cation content in a sample solution and UV-Vis spectroscopy as a means to quantify the amount of metal present, into the nanomolar range, based on the change in the HNB spectrum at 647 nm. While metal content in a solution has historically been determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma techniques, these methods require specialized equipment and training outside the scope of a typical biochemistry laboratory. The method proposed here provides a simple and fast way for biochemists to determine the metal content of samples using existing equipment and knowledge without sacrificing accuracy.

We present an assay for easy quantification of metals introduced to samples prepared using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue as the colorimetric metal indicator and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer as the detector.

固定化金属アフィニティークロマトグラフィーにおける金属浸出の定量

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as ...

化学

Magnetic Levitation Coupled with Portable Imaging and Analysis for Disease Diagnostics

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for specialized equipment and trained personnel require that many diagnostic tests be performed at remote, centralized clinical laboratories. Magnetic levitation is a simple yet powerful technique and can be applied to levitate cells, which are suspended in a paramagnetic solution and placed in a magnetic field, at a position determined by equilibrium between a magnetic force and a buoyancy force. Here, we present a versatile platform technology designed for point-of-care diagnostics which uses magnetic levitation coupled to microscopic imaging and automated analysis to determine the density distribution of a patient's cells as a useful diagnostic indicator. We present two platforms operating on this principle: (i) a smartphone-compatible version of the technology, where the built-in smartphone camera is used to image cells in the magnetic field and a smartphone application processes the images and to measures the density distribution of the cells and (ii) a self-contained version where a camera board is used to capture images and an embedded processing unit with attached thin-film-transistor (TFT) screen measures and displays the results. Demonstrated applications include: (i) measuring the altered distribution of a cell population with a disease phenotype compared to a healthy phenotype, which is applied to sickle cell disease diagnosis, and (ii) separation of different cell types based on their characteristic densities, which is applied to separate white blood cells from red blood cells for white blood cell cytometry. These applications, as well as future extensions of the essential density-based measurements enabled by this portable, user-friendly platform technology, will significantly enhance disease diagnostic capabilities at the point of care.

We present a magnetic levitation technique coupled with automated imaging and analysis in both a smartphone-compatible device and a device with embedded imaging and processing. This is applied to measure the density distribution of cells with two demonstrated biomedical applications: sickle cell disease diagnosis and separating white and red blood cells.

病の診断のためのポータブルイメージングおよび分析と相まって磁気浮上

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for ...

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. The most important sources of human infections worldwide are game meat and pork or pork products. In many countries, the prevention of human trichinellosis is based on the identification of infected animals by means of the artificial digestion of muscle samples from susceptible animal carcasses.
There are several methods based on the digestion of meat but the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard. This method allows the detection of Trichinella larvae by microscopy after the enzymatic digestion of muscle samples and subsequent filtration and sedimentation steps. Although this method does not require special and expensive equipment, internal controls cannot be used. Therefore, stringent quality management should be applied throughout the test. The aim of the present work is to provide detailed handling instructions and critical control points of the method to analysts, based on the experience of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites and the National Reference Laboratory of Germany for Trichinella.

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

The prevention of human trichinellosis in many countries worldwide is based on the laboratory examination of muscle samples from susceptible animals by methods of digestion, of which the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard.

の検出のための磁気スターラー方法<em&gt;旋毛虫</em筋肉試料中&gt;幼虫

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode ...

免疫・感染学

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been linked to both waterborne and foodborne illnesses, and remains a threat despite the food- and water-screening methods used currently. While conventional bacterial detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) can specifically detect pathogenic contaminants, they require extensive sample preparation and lengthy waiting periods. In addition, these practices demand sophisticated laboratory instruments and settings, and must be executed by trained professionals. Herein, a protocol is proposed for a simpler diagnostic technique that features the unique combination of magnetic and fluorescent parameters in a nanoparticle-based platform. The proposed multiparametric magneto-fluorescent nanosensors (MFnS) can detect E. coli O157:H7 contamination with as little as 1 colony-forming unit present in solution within less than 1 h. Furthermore, the ability of MFnS to remain highly functional in complex media such as milk and lake water has been verified. Additional specificity assays were also used to demonstrate the ability of MFnS to only detect the specific target bacteria, even in the presence of similar bacterial species. The pairing of magnetic and fluorescent modalities allows for the detection and quantification of pathogen contamination in a wide range of concentrations, exhibiting its high performance in both early- and late-stage contamination detection. The effectiveness, affordability, and portability of the MFnS make them an ideal candidate for point-of-care screening for bacterial contaminants in a wide range of settings, from aquatic reservoirs to commercially packaged foods.

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

The overall goal of this protocol is to synthesize functional nanosensors for the portable, cost-effective, and rapid detection of specifically targeted pathogenic bacteria through a combination of magnetic relaxation and fluorescence emission modalities.

ハンドヘルド金属探知器検診小児における金属異物摂取

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

電気化学センサを用いた細菌検出＆識別

インプラントの適合性とパルスシーケンスの脆弱性を評価するためにインプラントの金属による MRI アーチファクトの評価のためのプロトコル

小児神経イメージングプロトコル、ガイドラインと手順 - MRイメージングチャイルドプレイを作る

内皮細胞捕捉および保持のための強磁性ベアメタルステント

Hellgrammite as a Non-Conventional Biomonitor for Surface Water and Environmental Health Assessment

水試料中の微量金属分析のためのダイポールアシスト固相抽出マイクロチップの作製

固定化金属アフィニティークロマトグラフィーにおける金属浸出の定量

病の診断のためのポータブルイメージングおよび分析と相まって磁気浮上

の検出のための磁気スターラー方法

E. 大腸菌o157: h7 の食品由来病原体のスクリーニングを使用して磁気蛍光ナノセンサー: 迅速検出

ハンドヘルド金属探知器検診小児における金属異物摂取

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

電気化学センサを用いた細菌検出＆識別

インプラントの適合性とパルス シーケンスの脆弱性を評価するためにインプラントの金属による MRI アーチファクトの評価のためのプロトコル

小児神経イメージングプロトコル、ガイドラインと手順 - MRイメージングチャイルドプレイを作る

内皮細胞捕捉および保持のための強磁性ベアメタルステント

Hellgrammite as a Non-Conventional Biomonitor for Surface Water and Environmental Health Assessment

水試料中の微量金属分析のためのダイポールアシスト固相抽出マイクロチップの作製

固定化金属アフィニティークロマトグラフィーにおける金属浸出の定量

病の診断のためのポータブルイメージングおよび分析と相まって磁気浮上

の検出のための磁気スターラー方法

E. 大腸菌o157: h7 の食品由来病原体のスクリーニングを使用して磁気蛍光ナノセンサー: 迅速検出

インプラントの適合性とパルスシーケンスの脆弱性を評価するためにインプラントの金属による MRI アーチファクトの評価のためのプロトコル