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Method Article
우리는 PDC의 기능 연구를위한 루푸스 발생하기 쉬운 마우스의 골수로부터 고순도 형질 수지상 세포 (PDC)를 분리 정렬 형광 활성화 된 세포를 사용하여 프로토콜을보고합니다.
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method enables researchers to better understand the characteristics of a single cell population without the influence of other cells. Compared to other methods of cell enrichment, such as magnetic-activated cell sorting (MCS), FACS is more flexible and accurate for cell separation due to the ability of phenotype detection by flow cytometry. In addition, FACS is usually capable of separating multiple cell populations simultaneously, which improves the efficiency and diversity of experiments. Although FACS has some limitations, it has been broadly used to purify cells for functional studies in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Here we report a protocol using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate a very rare population of immune cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), with high purity from the bone marrow of lupus-prone mice for in vitro functional studies of pDC.
Efficient separation of a cell population of choice from other cells enables studies of the population that may not be possible otherwise. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a method to enrich an interesting cell population with high purity. 1,2 Different cell types usually express unique molecules, or a unique combination of several molecules, on the plasma membrane that can distinguish one cell population from another. Upon binding of these cell surface molecules by specific fluorescence-conjugated antibodies, a detecting machine called flow cytometer/sorter is able to excite and detect the light signals of different fluorescent dyes that represent different molecule markers on the cells at the single cell level. The combined information consisting of either the presence of a light signal (representing positive expression of the corresponding surface molecule) or the absence of a light signal (representing negative expression of a molecule) defines the phenotype of the cell. After passing through the detector, cells with the same phenotype of interest are diverted towards a designated collecting tube based on electrical charge.
FACS is broadly applied in various studies as long as the population to be enriched is labeled with fluorescence.3-7 It has been used to separate immunoglobulin (Ig)A-coated bacteria from non-IgA coated bacteria in the gut microbiota 8 and sort genetically engineered cell populations expressing fluorescent proteins. 9 Importantly, it has the capacity to separate more than one population simultaneously, which not only saves time and reagents but also allows for more sophisticated study designs. 10 However, FACS also has its limitations. If a population of interest is very rare (less than 1%), the sorting efficiency may be reduced, causing significant cell loss. In addition, some antibody binding may activate intracellular signal transduction that induces functional changes of the sorted cell population. 11 Therefore, the phenotype used for sorting should be selected carefully.
Other methods exist besides FACS that are also based on cell surface markers for the enrichment of specific cell populations, such as magnetic-activated cell sorting (MCS). 12 Similar to FACS, magnetic beads-conjugated antibodies can target specific cell surface molecules. Upon antibody-antigen interaction, magnetic beads-coated cells can be separated from non-coated cells after passing through a magnetic field. However, only a limited number of molecules can be targeted in MCS, as magnetic beads are, unlike various fluorescent colors in FACS, undistinguishable. It is thus difficult for MCS to define a cell phenotype with a complicated combination of surface markers. 13,14 In addition, MCS is also able to cause unintended activation of target cells.
In our studies of a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 15 we intended to purify plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) to investigate their functional changes with disease progression. We first used MCS to enrich pDC from the bone marrow by targeting PDCA-1, a molecule highly and uniquely expressed on murine pDC at steady state. 16 However, the cell purity was unexpectedly low, likely due to the upregulation of PDCA-1 on other cell populations in an inflammatory environment such as SLE.16 Ultimately, we have used FACS with a combination of four surface markers (CD11c, CD11b, B220 and PDCA-1) to separate high-purity pDC as CD11c+CD11b-B220+PDCA-1+ population. Murine pDC has another specific surface marker Siglec-H. We decided not to use Siglec-H, as antibody binding of this molecule represses the function of pDC to produce IFNα. 11
참고 : MRL / MP-의 Fas의 LPR 루푸스 발생하기 쉬운 쥐 사육과 버지니아 공대 (동물 복지 보증 번호에서 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC)의 요구 사항에 다음과 같은 특정 병원균이없는 시설에서 유지되었다 (MRL / LPR) : A3208-01). 이 연구는 국립 보건원 (National Institutes of Health)의 실험 동물의 관리 및 사용에 대한 가이드의 권장 사항을 엄격히 준수하여 실시 하였다. 모든 동물 실험은 IACUC 프로토콜 # 12-062 하에서 수행 하였다.
1. 세포 배양 매체 및 정렬 버퍼
2. 마우스 해부
3. 비장 격리
4. 골수 세포 분리
FACS 5. 세포 표면 염색
6. 셀 분류기에 정렬
주 : 사이토와 소프트웨어 절차를 정렬하는 동작은, 회사가 제공하는 구체적인 명령으로 표준화된다. 간단히 말해서, 우리는 20 psi에서 100 미크론 노즐, 5 사이의 설정 대상 셀 농도 사용 - ml의 당 10 만, 70 % 이상으로 효율을 조정 (즉, 충돌 30 아래에 보관%).
우리는 높은 순도 골수 PDC를 풍부하게하는 것을 목표로하고 IFNα를 생산하는 능력에 대한 PDC의 기능 변화를 연구하는 젊은이와 노인 모두의 MRL / LPR의 루푸스 발생하기 쉬운 마우스에서 다른 세포 유형의 영향없이. 사용 된 첫 번째 정제 전략은 그림 1과 같이 농축 후 만 7.75 % 순도 주도, MCS했다. MCS에 비해 FACS은 96.4 %로 높은 순도의 PDC 농후. 높은 순도를 보장?...
The protocol described in this manuscript is for high purity enrichment of live pDC that retain the ability to produce IFNα. The applications of this protocol include, but are not limited to, purification of pDC and/or any other mononuclear cells from the bone marrow of MRL/lpr and any other mouse strains for studies of cellular and molecular functions. Several critical steps in this protocol are to ensure high viability and purity of the sorted pDC. The first key step is the release of bone marrow from bones. To mi...
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
We thank Flow Cytometry Laboratory at Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine for the use of flow cytometry core facility. This work was supported by XML's startup funds. XL is a Stamps Fellow in the Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences graduate program.
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
RPMI 1640 | gibco by life technologies | 11875-093 | |
Fetal bovine serum | HyClone | SH30396.03 | |
Sodium pyruvate | gibco by life technologies | 11360-070 | |
MEM non-essential amino acids | gibco by life technologies | 11140-050 | |
HEPES | gibco by life technologies | 15630-080 | |
2-mercaptoethanol | gibco by life technologies | 21985-023 | |
L-glutamine | gibco by life technologies | 25030-164 | |
Penicillin-Streptomycin | gibco by life technologies | 15140-122 | |
1x Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution | gibco by life technologies | 14175-079 | |
MACS BSA Stock Solution | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-091-376 | |
MgCl2 | SIGMA | M8266 | |
DNase I | SIGMA | D4527 | |
Red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer | eBioscience | 00-4300-54 | |
Density gradient medium | GE Healthcare | 17-1440-02 | Ficoll-Paque Plus |
anti-mouse CD19-PE | BD Pharmingen | 553786 | |
anti-mouse CD11c-PE | eBioscience | 12-0114-82 | |
anti-mouse CD11b-APC-CY7 | BD Pharmingen | 557657 | |
anti-mouse PDCA-1-FITC | eBioscience | 11-3172-81 | |
anti-mouse B220-V500 | BD Pharmingen | 561226 | |
DAPI | invitrogen | D3571 | |
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit II, mouse | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-092-786 | |
BD FACSAria I flow cytometer | BD Biosciences | 643178 | |
BD FACS Diva version 6 | BD Biosciences |
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