Name: Identification of Limbal Niche Cells (LNCs)
Uploaded: 2023-10-27T14:10:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Identification of Limbal Niche Cells LNCs at JoVE.com

identification of limbal niche cells (lncs)

A Protocol to Isolate, Culture, and Identify Human Limbal Niche Cells

The incidence of corneal epithelial stem cell deficiency (CESD), also called limbal stem cells deficiency (LSCD)1, and&#160;corneal epithelial regeneration (CES) are&#160;becoming more and more urgent because of corneal infection&#160;and injury. If not properly treated, CESD can lead to blindness that requires corneal transplantation. As a result, CES regeneration is&#160;becoming more significant. There is a group of supportive cells called limbal niche cells (LNCs) that provide essential support for CES function. Limbal stromal stem cells were first isolated by Polisetty et al.2 and identified by Xie et al.3&#160;as LNCs which are localized in the limbal epithelium subjacent and stroma of the limbus. LNCs are the key supporting stem cell of the corneal rim&#160;and, with the function of bone marrow-derived MSC (BMMSCs), and could&#160;be induced to develop into corneal epithelial cells and corneal stromal cells, etc.3,4,5,6,7. Previous studies showed that the stem-cell qualities of LNCs are more primitive than BMMSCs8, which is already widely used in the clinic. LNCs may even become the next viable option after MSC, especially for treating CESD. As important supporting cells for CES, LNCs are also stem cells derived from the &#34;niche&#34; structure of the limbus. LNCs may play a key role in the dedifferentiation of mature corneal epithelial cells (MCEC) to CES9. However, studies on LNCs are still relatively insufficient, and there is no consensus on the terminology, isolation, purification, identification, and characteristics of LNCs. Some researchers have named LNCs limbal biopsy-derived stromal stem cells10, limbal mesenchymal stem cells11, limbal fibroblast stem cells12, and limbal mesenchymal stromal cells13. As the growth characteristics of LNCs have not been described in detail, and because of their promising scientific and clinical applications, and may be one of the most important clinical tools in the future, it is necessary to summarize the isolation, purification, identification, and characteristics of LNCs.
According to a previous study14, LNCs are mainly present at the limbal epithelium subjacent and stroma of the limbus. This protocol includes treating limbus tissue using collagenase A, obtaining a cluster consisting of LEPC and LNCs, and digesting it into single cells with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA (TE). LNCs were then selectively cultured in a modified embryonic stem cell medium (MESCM) to be purified. The protocol reported in this paper is simple and has high efficiency in obtaining human LNCs in large quantities.
The&#160;detailed procedure of LNC isolation, culture, and identification was recorded in the video for scientists who are interested in LNC&#160;study, and it can be conveniently repeated when needed.

Author Spotlight: Standardizing Limbal Niche Cell (LNC) Isolation and Characterization to Support Widespread LNC Research 

Isolation and Identification of Limbal Niche Cells

Our studies focus on the reconstruction of the limbal niche to treat limbal stem cell deficiency and to restore the patient's vision. We are trying to answer whether or not limbal niche cells are the key cells supporting the function of limbal stem cells, and if so, how it works. Recent studies reported that subconjunctival transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow prevented the limbal stem cell deficiency of alkali-burned eyes.One of the technologies currently used to advance our research is single cell sequencing, which can analyze the key signaling pathway activities at a single cell level for limbal niche cell characterizing. Although LNC have the potential to become an important clinical tool in the future, their growth characteristics have not been explored in much details. Considering their promising scientific and clinical applications, it is necessary to summarize the isolation, purification, identification, and characteristics of LNC.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Identification of Limbal Niche Cells LNCs at JoVE.com

Identification of Limbal Niche Cells (LNCs)  

To identify the limbal niche cells or LNCs by immunofluorescence staining, add 1 milliliter of 0.25%trypsin EDTA per well to the LNCs cultured in a 5%matrigel coated 6 well plate. Digest the cells by incubating the plate for five minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. Quench the digestion by adding 1 milliliter of knockout serum containing MESCM to the cell suspension.Transfer the cell suspension to a centrifuge tube and centrifuge it 200G for five minutes before carefully aspirating the supernatant. Re-suspend the pellet in one milliliter of MESCM. Next, using a cytofuge, deposit 80 microliters of the cell suspension equally on four microscope slides per the manufacturer's instruction.Fix the cells with 4%paraformaldehyde for approximately 10 minutes. Then permeabilize the cells on the slides using 0.2%Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes. Block the cells with 2%bovine serum albumin for one hour before incubating them with primary antibodies on a shaker overnight at 4 degrees Celsius.Post incubation, remove unbound antibodies by washing the slides with PBST three times for five minutes each. Next, incubate the sample with suitable secondary antibodies at 37 degrees Celsius for one hour before washing any unbound antibodies as demonstrated previously. Counterstain the nuclei with DAPI having a concentration of 5 micrograms per milliliter.After sealing the slides, perform imaging using a fluorescence microscope. Using an RNA isolation kit extract the total RNA from the LNCs per the manufacturer's instructions. Then using a high capacity complementary DNA or CDNA transcription kit, reverse transcribe 1 to 2 micrograms of the RNA.Prepare a 20 microliter solution containing 2.5 microliters of the CDNA, 0.8 microliters of corresponding genetic primer, 10 microliters of a universal PCR master mix, and 6.7 microliters of double distilled water. Then perform a quantitative polymerase chain reaction using the appropriate conditions. Finally, employ the comparative CT technique to examine the relative gene expression.Double immuno staining of the fourth passage LNCs clearly revealed that these cells were consistently panCK negative, VIM positive, CD90 positive, CD105 positive, SCF positive, and PDGFR positive.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Here we report a standard procedure for the isolation and identification of limbal niche cells (LNCs). Limbus tissue obtained from an eye bank was used ...