아주 대학교 의과 Göttingen의 Forschungsförderungsprogramm로부터 보조금 지원을 받았습니다. PL과 MB가 브레인 (CMPB), Göttingen의 분자 생리학을위한 DFG 연구 센터에 의해 지원되었다. 저자는 오디오 및 비디오 편집에 대한 도움말 videography 및 Birgit Liebau와 도움 닥터 라스 Tatenhorst 감사드립니다.

동물 잭슨 연구실 (# 002726) 1에서 구입했다. 그들은 임상 점수와 모터 기능 (rotarod 시험)과 근력 (선 검사를 교수형)의 테스트를 받게됩니다. 이 모든 테스트 및 동물 나중에 살해 척수를 준비하기 위하여는 동물 실험의 적절한 행위에 대해 현지 가이드와 매우 가까이에 따라서 수행되었습니다. 1. 임상 점수 이외에도 체중 마우스에 대한 평가에서는 다음 4 포인트 채점 방식 2 모터 적자의 흔적을 검사하고 있습니다 : 4 점 : 정상 (모터 기능 장애의 흔적) 3 점 : 꼬리로 정지했을 때 뒷다리 사지 떨림이 분명 있습니다 2 점 : 걸음걸이의 이상이 흐릅니다 1 포인트 : 최소 하나의 뒷다리로 드래그 0 점 : 대칭마비 자체가 오른쪽으로 무능력 또는 최대 체중의 20 %의 손실,이 경우 동물이 즉시 euthanized하고 실험이 종료된 2. 운동 기능의 테스트 및 근력 철사를 교수형에 처하는 이번 테스트는 근력 3, 4를 평가하는 데 사용됩니다. 모든 동물은 적어도 하루나 이틀 rotarod 테스트 후이 테스트를 수행합니다. 각 마우스가 0.8 cm의 간격으로 맞춤 와이어 뚜껑에 위치하고 조심스럽게 뒤집어졌다되며, 지푸라기 위에 60cm가 바닥을 커버. 적어도 180의 세 가지 연속 번 훈련하면 빠질 수있는 대기 시간이 측정됩니다. 각 마우스는 180 s의 최대 및 긴 기간이 녹화되는 동안 거꾸로 뚜껑을 보관하는 방법은 세 시도까지 주어집니다. Rotarod 테스트 3, 4 학습을 측정하는 데 사용되었다. 좋은 성능 sensorimotor 조정의 높은 수준을 필요로합니다. 기계는 시험 동물에 대한 distractive 자극을 피하기 위해 조용하고 비 교란 환경에 배치해야합니다. 그것은 다섯 쥐를위한 컴퓨터 제어 모터 구동 회전 스핀들 다섯 골목길로 구성되어 있습니다. 생쥐의 폭포는 하단에있는 플라스틱 접시에 압력에 의해 자동으로 감지됩니다. 15 RPM 짐승이 회전 막대에 남아있을 수있는 시간을 일정한 속도로 적어도 180의 세 가지 연속 시간에 대한 교육이 측정되면. 각 동물은 전도가 기록됩니다없이 3 시련과 긴 대기 시간을 거쳐. 모터 조정에 큰 차이의 대부분이 기간에 감지되기​​ 때문에 180 s의 시간은 컷 - 오프 시간으로 선택됩니다. 3. 척수 준비 <ol class="lalpha"><li> 동물 지방 지침에 따라 CO 2 insufflation에 의해 살해되는 즉시 4 % paraformaldehyde 용액 다음 PBS 용액으로 transcardially perfused있다. </li><li> 희생 마우스의 척수를 준비하기 위해서는 마우스의 뒷면을 폭로하기 위해 동물들은 작업 테이블에 배치되고 사지가 측면에 고정되어 있습니다. </li><li> 70 % 에탄올 용액과 짧은 세차는 절개의 사이트를 청소하고 헤어 코트를 flattens. </li><li> 그러면 피부가 중간 라인에 날카로운 메스로 베인있다. 피부가 양쪽으로 뻗어있다 절단 촉진하기 위해서. 다리 근육이 준비되어야한다면, 그들의 피부도 베인되어야한다. </li><li> 피부 절개가 완료되면, 그것은 신체의 기본 천박한 근막을 노출하기위한 족집게 한 켤레로 떨어지게된다. </li><li> 목과 nuchal 인대의 근육은 CA를 제거해야하고 있습니다refully 준비했습니다. 깊이 및 장애 척수 절개하지 않도록주의하십시오. 어깨 근육은 또한 더 나은 척추 칼럼을 폭로하기 위해 제거할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 그런 다음 paravertebral 근육은 전체 척추 칼럼에서 제거됩니다. </li><li> 척추 열의 여러 laminectomies가 수행되어야 할 여는 위해서. 하나는 atlanto - 후두 관절의 사이트에서 상부 두개 부분부터 시작합니다. </li><li> 그것은 상단이 사지의 고정을 제거하고 첫 번째 척추의 laminectomy를 수행할 수 있도록 더 목을 overstretch하는 것이 가장 쉽습니다. 이러한 노출된 자궁 경부 척수를 건드리지 않고 끌려나됩니다. </li><li> 더 많은 척추 먼저 직각 가위로 양쪽에서 척추 아치를 끊어 버렸네 후 지느러미 프로세스에 당기에 의해 제거됩니다. 척추의 나머지 측면 부분 척수 이후 완전한 제거를 촉진하기 위하여 제거되어야한다. </li><li> 요추 spina의 해부 랜드마크내 코드는 또한 자궁 경부 척수에 존재 부풀어 오름이다. </li><li> 전체 척수의 laminectomy을 완료하는 것이, 당신은 또한 복부 뿌리를 가로로 쪼개다과 meninges의 경질의 mater에서 척수를 풀어 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 그러면 경추 척수는 cranially 끝내 척수를 제거하기 시작합니다. </li><li> 마지막으로 척수도 완전히 공개하기 말초 cauda equina-에서 절단한다. </li><li> 궁극적으로, 척수는 하룻밤 만에 postfixating 솔루션 (예 : 4 % paraformaldehyde)에 위치하고 있으며 추가로 처리할 수 있습니다. 우리는 보통 immunohistological 분석을 위해 준비하는 척수를 cryosection. </li></ol> 4. 대표 결과 척수 준비의 기술이 비디오 기사의 초점을 나타냅니다. 그것은 나중에 조직 sectioning 및 궁극적으로 spina의 immunohistological 분석을 위해 필수적인 전제 조건이다내가 코드 섹션. 최종 결과의 예를 들어, wildtype의 마우스 요추 척수 (wt)의 앞부분은 호른 지역과 잔디 G93A transgene (TG)의 immunohistochemical 검사 결과는 마우스가 시연된다. 모터 뉴런은 기본 백신 채팅 항체와 이차 항체 Cy3와 후속 형광 라벨로 확인할 수 있습니다. 또한, DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)과 핵 반대 얼룩은 (그림 1) 수행되었습니다. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3936/3936fig1.jpg" alt="그림 1" /> 그림 1. 안티 채팅 항체 (적색)과 wildtype (wt)의 마우스 요추 척수 앞부분 호른 (왼쪽)과의 DAPI (파란색)에 의한 세포의 핵 반대 얼룩과 motoneurons의 면역을 시각화 형광등 photomicrographs 잔디 G93A 형질 전환 (TG) (오른쪽) 1백30일의 나이에 마우스. 스케일 바 : 40 μm의. 의 immunohistochemical 분석으로잔디 G93A 마우스는 본 문서의 주 범위 아닌 이러한 유전자 변형 생쥐가 특성화되어있는 원래의 게시 및 추가 참고 1, 5, 6에서 치료 접근법을 공부 더 최근의 것들을 참조하시기 바랍니다. 치료 효과는 명확하게 정의된 immunohistological 수준에 차별한다면 양적 평가 알고리즘 stereological 소프트웨어 (예를 들어 7 참조)에서 지원 적용되어야합니다.

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관심의 어떠한 충돌 선언 없습니다.

SOD1 (G93A) 유전자 마우스 모델은 인간 루게릭병 8 비교 진보 motoneuron 손실의 질병 과정을 연구하는 귀중한 동물 모델입니다. 다른 치료 패러다임의 다양한는이 모델로 평가하고 나중에 인간 임상 연구 8-10에서 테스트하기위한 기초를 대표하고있다. 이러한 생쥐의 실험적 치료 연구에 큰 차이를 감지할 수있게하기 위해서는 최소 24 쓰레기 - 검색된 성별 균형 동일한 유전적 배경 생?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td></td><td> 제조 </td><td> 주문 정보 </td></tr><tr><td> 행동 검사 </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 마우스를위한 로타로드 </td><td> 우고 Basile, Comerio, 이탈리아 </td><td> # 47600 </td></tr><tr><td> 와이어 장치를 교수형에 처하는 </td><td> 맞춤 양복 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td> 척수 준비 </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 작업 테이블 작동 램프 보호 장갑 </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 측면에 직각 &#39;아이리스&#39;가위, </td><td> 파인 과학 도구, 하이 델베르크, 독일 </td><td> 14063-09 </td></tr><tr><td> Cohan-Vannas 봄 가위, 스트레이트 </td><td> 파인 과학 도구, 하이 델베르크, 독일 </td><td> 15000-10 </td&gt; </tr><tr><td> 마이크로 포셉 </td><td> 해머커, Solingen, 독일 </td><td> HWC 111-10 </td></tr><tr><td> 메스 &quot;präzisa 플러스&quot; </td><td> Dahlhausen, 쾰른, 독일 </td><td> 11.000.00.510, 무화과 10 </td></tr></tbody></table>

clinical testing and spinal cord removal in a mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als)

루게릭병 (ALS)은 motoneurons의 진보적인 퇴보로 인한 치명적인 neurodegenerative 무질서이다. 발병의 피크는 산발적 질환과 가족성 질환 50 년 주위 육십년 주변입니다. 그 진보 과정으로 인해 환자의 50 %가 증상 발병 후 30 개월 이내에 죽어. 이 질병에 대한 새로운 치료 옵션을 평가하기 위해, ALS의 유전적 마우스 모델 같은 SOD1 (G93A) 돌연변이와 같은 잔디 유전자의 돌연변이 인간 가족을 바탕으로 생성되었습니다. 모델 평가해야 할 가장 중요한 측면은 전반적인 생존, 임상 과정과 운동 기능입니다. 여기서 우리가 임상 평가를 보여주는 두 개의 행동 모터 테스트 전도가 표시되고 모든 매개 변수에 대한 양적 채점 시스템을 제공합니다. ALS 마우스 모델의 심층적인 분석은 일반적으로 척수의 immunohistochemical 시험을 필요로하기 때문에, 우리는 어떻게 적용 자세하게 그 준비를 입증rsal laminectomy 방법. 모범 histological 연구 결과는 증명하고 있습니다. ALS의 마우스 모델에 관한 연구에 묘사된 시험 방법의 포괄적인 응용 프로그램은 연구자들이 안정적으로 나중에 인간 임상 실험을위한 기초를 제공할 수있는 미래의 치료 옵션을 테스트할 수 있도록합니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS at JoVE.com

Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

루게릭병 (ALS)에 대한 마우스 모델은 임상 및 behaviorally 면밀히 검토합니다. 동반 immunohistological 분석을위한 전제 조건으로서 척수의 준비가 상세하게 그려져 있습니다.

루게릭병에 대한 마우스 모델 (ALS)의 임상 시험 및 척수 제거

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder resulting in progressive degeneration of motoneurons. Peak of onset is around 60 ...

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JoVE Journal

Medicine

Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

27.9K 조회수.  University Medicine Göttingen. 루게릭병 (ALS)에 대한 마우스 모델은 임상 및 behaviorally 면밀히 검토합니다. 동반 immunohistological 분석을위한 전제 조건으로서 척수의 준비가 상세하게 그려져 있습니다.

비디오: Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Improved methods for assessing bulbar impairment are necessary for expediting diagnosis of bulbar dysfunction in ALS, for predicting disease progression across speech subsystems, and for addressing the critical need for sensitive outcome measures for ongoing experimental treatment trials. To address this need, we are obtaining longitudinal profiles of bulbar impairment in 100 individuals based on a comprehensive instrumentation-based assessment that yield objective measures. Using instrumental approaches to quantify speech-related behaviors is very important in a field that has primarily relied on subjective, auditory-perceptual forms of speech assessment1. Our assessment protocol measures performance across all of the speech subsystems, which include respiratory, phonatory (laryngeal), resonatory (velopharyngeal), and articulatory. The articulatory subsystem is divided into the facial components (jaw and lip), and the tongue. Prior research has suggested that each speech subsystem responds differently to neurological diseases such as ALS. The current protocol is designed to test the performance of each speech subsystem as independently from other subsystems as possible. The speech subsystems are evaluated in the context of more global changes to speech performance. These speech system level variables include speaking rate and intelligibility of speech.
The protocol requires specialized instrumentation, and commercial and custom software. The respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory subsystems are evaluated using pressure-flow (aerodynamic) and acoustic methods. The articulatory subsystem is assessed using 3D motion tracking techniques. The objective measures that are used to quantify bulbar impairment have been well established in the speech literature and show sensitivity to changes in bulbar function with disease progression. The result of the assessment is a comprehensive, across-subsystem performance profile for each participant. The profile, when compared to the same measures obtained from healthy controls, is used for diagnostic purposes. Currently, we are testing the sensitivity and specificity of these measures for diagnosis of ALS and for predicting the rate of disease progression. In the long term, the more refined endophenotype of bulbar ALS derived from this work is expected to strengthen future efforts to identify the genetic loci of ALS and improve diagnostic and treatment specificity of the disease as a whole. The objective assessment that is demonstrated in this video may be used to assess a broad range of speech motor impairments, including those related to stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson disease.

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

Objective assessments of the physiological mechanisms that support speech are needed to monitor disease onset and progression in persons with ALS and to quantify treatment effects in clinical trials. In this video, we present a comprehensive, instrumentation-based protocol for quantifying speech motor performance in clinical populations.

루게릭병에 안구 장애의 종합 평가 (ALS)에 대한 프로토콜

Improved methods for assessing bulbar impairment are necessary for expediting diagnosis of bulbar dysfunction in ALS, for predicting disease progression ...

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의학

Intraspinal Cell Transplantation for Targeting Cervical Ventral Horn in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Respiratory compromise due to phrenic motor neuron loss is a debilitating consequence of a large proportion of human traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) cases 1 and is the ultimate cause of death in patients with the motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS) 2.
ALS is a devastating neurological disorder that is characterized by relatively rapid degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Patients ultimately succumb to the disease on average 2-5 years following diagnosis because of respiratory paralysis due to loss of phrenic motor neuron innnervation of the diaphragm 3. The vast majority of cases are sporadic, while 10% are of the familial form. Approximately twenty percent of familial cases are linked to various point mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene on chromosome 21 4. Transgenic mice 4,5 and rats 6 carrying mutant human SOD1 genes (G93A, G37R, G86R, G85R) have been generated, and, despite the existence of other animal models of motor neuron loss, are currently the most highly used models of the disease.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a heterogeneous set of conditions resulting from physical trauma to the spinal cord, with functional outcome varying according to the type, location and severity of the injury 7. Nevertheless, approximately half of human SCI cases affect cervical regions, resulting in debilitating respiratory dysfunction due to phrenic motor neuron loss and injury to descending bulbospinal respiratory axons 1. A number of animal models of SCI have been developed, with the most commonly used and clinically-relevant being the contusion 8.
Transplantation of various classes of neural precursor cells (NPCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of traumatic CNS injuries and neurodegeneration, including ALS and SCI, because of the ability to replace lost or dysfunctional CNS cell types, provide neuroprotection, and deliver gene factors of interest 9.
Animal models of both ALS and SCI can model many clinically-relevant aspects of these diseases, including phrenic motor neuron loss and consequent respiratory compromise 10,11. In order to evaluate the efficacy of NPC-based strategies on respiratory function in these animal models of ALS and SCI, cellular interventions must be specifically directed to regions containing therapeutically relevant targets such as phrenic motor neurons. We provide a detailed protocol for multi-segmental, intraspinal transplantation of NPCs into the cervical spinal cord ventral gray matter of neurodegenerative models such as SOD1G93A mice and rats, as well as spinal cord injured rats and mice 11.

Neural precursor transplantation is a promising strategy for protecting and/or replacing lost/dysfunctional cervical phrenic motor neurons in spinal cord injury (SCI) and the motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS). We provide a protocol for cell delivery to cervical spinal cord ventral horn in rodent models of ALS and SCI.

루게릭병과 외상 척수 상해에서 자궁암 복부 호른를 타겟팅하는 Intraspinal 세포 이식

Respiratory compromise due to phrenic motor neuron loss is a debilitating consequence of a large proportion of human traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) ...

Acute and Chronic Tactile Sensory Testing after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs sensory systems causing allodynia1-8. To identify cellular and molecular causes of allodynia, sensitive and valid sensory testing in rat SCI models is needed. However, until recently, no single testing approach had been validated for SCI so that standardized methods have not been implemented across labs. Additionally, available testing methods could not be implemented acutely or when severe motor impairments existed, preventing studies of the development of SCI-induced allodynia3. Here we present two validated sensory testing methods using von Frey Hair (VFH) monofilaments which quantify changes in tactile sensory thresholds after SCI4-5. One test is the well-established Up-Down test which demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity across different SCI severities when tested chronically5. The other test is a newly-developed dorsal VFH test that can be applied acutely after SCI when allodynia develops, prior to motor recovery4-5. Each VFH monofilament applies a calibrated force when touched to the skin of the hind paw until it bends. In the up-down method, alternating VFHs of higher or lower forces are used on the plantar L5 dermatome to delineate flexor withdrawal thresholds. Successively higher forces are applied until withdrawal occurs then lower force VFHs are used until withdrawal ceases. The tactile threshold reflects the force required to elicit withdrawal in 50% of the stimuli. For the new test, each VFH is applied to the dorsal L5 dermatome of the paw while the rat is supported by the examiner. The VFH stimulation occurs in ascending order of force until at least 2 of 3 applications at a given force produces paw withdrawal. Tactile sensory threshold is the lowest force to elicit withdrawal 66% of the time. Acclimation, testing and scoring procedures are described. Aberrant trials that require a retest and typical trials are defined. Animal use was approved by Ohio State University Animal Care and Use Committee.

We describe two tactile sensory testing methods for acute or chronic periods of spinal cord injury in rats. These validated procedures can detect the development and maintenance of allodynia-like sensations.

쥐의 척수를 다친 후에 급성 및 만성 촉각 감각 테스트

Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs sensory systems causing allodynia1-8. To identify cellular and molecular causes of allodynia, sensitive and valid sensory ...

A Contusion Model of Severe Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

The translational potential of novel treatments should be investigated in severe spinal cord injury (SCI) contusion models. A detailed methodology is described to obtain a consistent model of severe SCI. Use of a stereotactic frame and computer controlled impactor allows for creation of reproducible injury. Hypothermia and urinary tract infection pose significant challenges in the post-operative period. Careful monitoring of animals with daily weight recording and bladder expression allows for early detection of post-operative complications. The functional results of this contusion model are equivalent to transection models. The contusion model can be utilized to evaluate the efficacy of both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches.

A contusion model of severe spinal cord injury is described. Detailed pre-operative, operative and post-operative steps are described to obtain a consistent model.

쥐에 심각한 척수 손상의 타박상 모델

The translational potential of novel treatments should be investigated in severe spinal cord injury (SCI) contusion models. A detailed methodology is ...

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

The split hand phenomenon refers to predominant wasting of thenar muscles and is an early and specific feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A novel split hand index (SI) was developed to quantify the split hand phenomenon, and its diagnostic utility was assessed in ALS patients. The split hand index was derived by dividing the product of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude recorded over the abductor pollicis brevis and first dorsal interosseous muscles by the CMAP amplitude recorded over the abductor digiti minimi muscle. In order to assess the diagnostic utility of the split hand index, ALS patients were prospectively assessed and their results were compared to neuromuscular disorder patients. The split hand index was significantly reduced in ALS when compared to neuromuscular disorder patients (P&#60;0.0001). Limb-onset ALS patients exhibited the greatest reduction in the split&#160;hand index, and a value of 5.2 or less reliably differentiated ALS from other neuromuscular disorders. Consequently, the split&#160;hand index appears to be a novel diagnostic biomarker for ALS, perhaps facilitating an earlier diagnosis.

Dissociated atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles, termed the split hand, appears to be a specific feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).&#160;Consequently, a novel neurodiagnostic test, termed the split hand&#160;index, was developed to quantify the clinical phenomenon of the split hand, which differentiated ALS from mimic disorders.

루게릭 병의 진단에 해리 고유 손 근육 위축의 유틸리티

The split hand phenomenon refers to predominant wasting of thenar muscles and is an early and specific feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A ...

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Every year over a million Americans suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Combined with the incidence of TBIs worldwide, the physical, emotional, social, and economical effects are staggering. Therefore, further research into the effects of TBI and effective treatments is necessary. The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model induces traumatic brain injuries ranging from mild to severe. This method uses a rigid impactor to deliver mechanical energy to an intact dura exposed following a craniectomy. Impact is made under precise parameters at a set velocity to achieve a pre-determined deformation depth. Although other TBI models, such as weight drop and fluid percussion, exist, CCI is more accurate, easier to control, and most importantly, produces traumatic brain injuries similar to those seen in humans. However, no TBI model is currently able to reproduce pathological changes identical to those seen in human patients. The CCI model allows investigation into the short-term and long-term effects of TBI, such as neuronal death, memory deficits, and cerebral edema, as well as potential therapeutic treatments for TBI.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) remain a serious health problem. Using the controlled cortical impact surgery model, research on the effects of TBI and possible treatment methods may be performed.

외상성 뇌 손상에 대한 제어 피질 충격 모델

Every year over a million Americans suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI).  Combined with the incidence of TBIs worldwide, the physical, emotional, ...

A Radio-telemetric System to Monitor Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection and Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Grafts

High thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. To monitor cardiovascular parameters, we implanted a catheter connected to a radio transmitter into the femoral artery of rats that underwent a T4 spinal cord transection with or without grafting of embryonic brainstem-derived neural stem cells expressing green fluorescent protein. Compared to other methods such as cannula insertion or tail-cuff, telemetry is advantageous to continuously monitor blood pressure and heart rate in freely moving animals. It is also capable of long term multiple data acquisitions. In spinal cord injured rats, basal cardiovascular data under unrestrained condition and autonomic dysreflexia in response to colorectal distension were successfully recorded. In addition, cardiovascular parameters before and after SCI can be compared in the same rat if a transmitter is implanted before a spinal cord transection. One limitation of the described telemetry procedure is that implantation in the femoral artery may influence the blood supply to the ipsilateral hindlimb.

We present a protocol for using a radio-telemetric system to record cardiovascular parameters in T4 spinal cord transected rats eight weeks after embryonic brainstem neural stem cell grafting into the lesion site. Telemetry is an advanced technique to accurately evaluate cardiovascular function in conscious freely moving spinal cord injured rats.

무선 원격 측정 시스템은 척수 절개 및 배아 신경 세포 이식 줄기와 흰쥐의 심장 혈관 기능을 모니터링 할 수

High thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. To monitor cardiovascular parameters, we implanted a catheter ...

Calibrated Forceps Model of Spinal Cord Compression Injury

Compression injuries of the murine spinal cord are valuable animal models for the study of spinal cord injury (SCI) and spinal regenerative therapy. The calibrated forceps model of compression injury is a convenient, low cost, and very reproducible animal model for SCI. We used a pair of modified forceps in accordance with the method published by Plemel et al. (2008) to laterally compress the spinal cord to a distance of 0.35 mm. In this video, we will demonstrate a dorsal laminectomy to expose the spinal cord, followed by compression of the spinal cord with the modified forceps. In the video, we will also address issues related to the care of paraplegic laboratory animals. This injury model produces mice that exhibit impairment in sensation, as well as impaired hindlimb locomotor function. Furthermore, this method of injury produces consistent aberrations in the pathology of the SCI, as determined by immunohistochemical methods. After watching this video, viewers should be able to determine the necessary supplies and methods for producing SCI of various severities in the mouse for studies on SCI and/or treatments designed to mitigate impairment after injury.

Spinal cord injury models should be highly reproducible. We demonstrate that the calibrated forceps compression model of spinal cord injury is an easy to use surgical method for generating reproducible injuries to the murine spinal cord.

척수 압축 부상의 보정 집게 모델

Compression injuries of the murine spinal cord are valuable animal models for the study of spinal cord injury (SCI) and spinal regenerative therapy. The ...

A Quick Phenotypic Neurological Scoring System for Evaluating Disease Progression in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of ALS

The SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse is the most widely used animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). At ALS TDI we developed a phenotypic screening protocol, demonstrated in video herein, which reliably assesses the neuromuscular function of SOD1-G93A mice in a quick manner. This protocol encompasses a simple neurological scoring system (NeuroScore) designed to assess hindlimb function. NeuroScore is focused on hindlimb function because hindlimb deficits are the earliest reported neurological sign of disease in SOD1-G93A mice. The protocol developed by ALS TDI provides an unbiased assessment of onset of paresis (slight or partial paralysis), progression and severity of paralysis and it is sensitive enough to identify drug-induced changes in disease progression. In this report, the combination of a detailed manuscript with video minimizes scoring ambiguities and inter-experimenter variability thus allowing for the protocol to be adopted by other laboratories and enabling comparisons between studies taking place at different settings. We believe that this video protocol can serve as an excellent training tool for present and future ALS researchers.

This video protocol describes a sensitive, reliable, and quick method for evaluating the neuromuscular deficits in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

ALS의 SOD1-G93A 마우스 모델에서 질병의 진행을 평가하기위한 빠른 표현형 신경 채점 시스템

The SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse is the most widely used animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). At ALS TDI we developed a phenotypic screening ...

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model

Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically causes devastating neurological deficits, particularly through damage to fibers descending from the brain to the spinal cord. A major current area of research is focused on the mechanisms of adaptive plasticity that underlie spontaneous or induced functional recovery following SCI. Spontaneous functional recovery is reported to be greater early in life, raising interesting questions about how adaptive plasticity changes as the spinal cord develops. To facilitate investigation of this dynamic, we have developed a SCI model in the neonatal mouse. The model has relevance for pediatric SCI, which is too little studied. Because neural plasticity in the adult involves some of the same mechanisms as neural plasticity in early life1, this model may potentially have some relevance also for adult SCI. Here we describe the entire procedure for generating a reproducible spinal cord compression (SCC) injury in the neonatal mouse as early as postnatal (P) day 1. SCC is achieved by performing a laminectomy at a given spinal level (here described at thoracic levels 9-11) and then using a modified Yasargil aneurysm mini-clip to rapidly compress and decompress the spinal cord. As previously described, the injured neonatal mice can be tested for behavioral deficits or sacrificed for ex vivo physiological analysis of synaptic connectivity using electrophysiological and high-throughput optical recording techniques1. Earlier and ongoing studies using behavioral and physiological assessment have demonstrated a dramatic, acute impairment of hindlimb motility followed by a complete functional recovery within 2 weeks, and the first evidence of changes in functional circuitry at the level of identified descending synaptic connections1.

This article describes a method for generating a reproducible spinal cord compression injury (SCI) in the neonatal mouse. The model provides an advantageous platform for studying mechanisms of adaptive plasticity that underlie spontaneous functional recovery.

신생아 마우스 척수 압축 부상 모델

Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically causes devastating neurological deficits, particularly through damage to fibers descending from the brain to the spinal ...