Chapter 20
Uncertainty
Niepewność i wartość oczekiwana
People face uncertain situations. Uncertainty arises in situations where future outcomes are unknown and influenced by chance or external factors. A ...
Malejąca użyteczność krańcowa dochodu
Utility reflects the satisfaction individuals gain from consuming goods and services. As income rises, people can afford more goods and services, ...
Oczekiwany dochód, oczekiwana użyteczność i awersja do ryzyka I
Consider a hypothetical example where John is evaluating a job offer from a company. If the company performs well, John will earn an annual income ...
Oczekiwany dochód, oczekiwana użyteczność i awersja do ryzyka II
John is evaluating a job offer from a company where his income will be uncertain. If the company performs well, John will earn an annual income of ...
Ubezpieczenia i dywersyfikacja
Mitigating financial risk is crucial, and two key strategies for doing so are insurance and diversification. Insurance helps individuals and businesses ...
Neutralność wobec ryzyka i miłość do ryzyka
Individuals make decisions based on their preferences toward risk. A risk-neutral person has constant marginal utility of income. This means that each ...
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