generation-natural-killer-cells-from-human-expanded-potential-stem

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells

The differentiation of natural killer (NK) cells from human pluripotent stem cells allows for research on and the manufacture of clinical-grade cellular ...

The University of Hong Kong

Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) are an elusive type of innate immune cell that was only discovered recently. Their tissue residency and dependency makes them a niche group of cells that bridge the adaptive and innate immune system. The nomenclature and classification of ILCs have been challenging due to their heterogeneity. The currently agreed ILC classification splits the cells into two categories including cytotoxic and helper ILCs. The tumour microenvironment is often hostile for immune cells. Remodeling the microenvironment and regulating other immune cells-achieved by ILCs-can enhance anti-tumor effects. How ILCs regulate other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment remains to be understood. Here we review current understanding of the role of ILCs in the tumor microenvironment. ILCs recruit CD8 positive T and memory T cells in PDAC, ILCs are also able to help CD108 positive B cells migrate toward tumour locations. In NSCLC, ILC3s are seen helping resident macrophages enhancing the mucus immunity to cancer cells. We then highlight the roles of cytokines and immune checkpoint pathways in ILCs and its implication in immunotherapy.

The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cancer Development and Immunotherapy.

Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cells (CAR-T) mark a significant step towards producing safe and effective personal anticancer treatments. CAR-T strategies engineers the T cells from the patients to allow specific binding to a tumour-specific antigen. CAR-Ts are a second-wave offensive strategy to clear out remaining chemotherapy-resistant tumour cells. Though showing practical antitumor abilities in multiple haematological malignancies and solid tumour cancers, the issues of antigen escape, tumour infiltration/penetration, and toxicity side effects limit the usage of prolonged CAR-T therapies. However, engineering immunology has exploited human stem cell-based CAR-T therapies and the development of CAR-M (macrophage) therapies to combat the disadvantages of conventional CAR-T therapies. In this review, we will highlight the challenges of CAR-T therapies and combat them with engineering immunology for cancer immunotherapy.

Clement Wang

School of Biomedical Sciences

The University of Hong Kong

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells

Clement Wang

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}School of Biomedical Sciences

The University of Hong Kong

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells

School of Biomedical Sciences