PRP as a New Approach to Prevent Infection: Preparation and <em>In vitro</em> Antimicrobial Properties of PRP

Implant-associated infection is becoming more and more challenging to the healthcare industry worldwide due to increasing antibiotic resistance, ...

West Virginia University 

University of Pittsburgh

To evaluate the surgical technique, clinical results, and the complications of modified free vascularized fibular grafting for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

[Surgical technique of modified free vascularized fibular grafting for treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head].

Pour &eacute;valuer la technique chirurgicale, les r&eacute;sultats cliniques et les complications de mis &agrave; jour le libre vascularis&eacute; fibulaire greffage pour le traitement de l&#39;ost&eacute;on&eacute;crose de la t&ecirc;te f&eacute;morale.

[La technique chirurgicale de mis &agrave; jour le libre vascularis&eacute; fibulaire greffe pour le traitement de l&#39;ost&eacute;on&eacute;crose de la t&ecirc;te f&eacute;morale].

Per valutare la tecnica chirurgica, risultati clinici e le complicanze della modificata libero vascolarizzato fibulare innesto per il trattamento dell&#39;osteonecrosi della testa femorale.

[Tecnica chirurgica di modificato libero vascolarizzato fibulare innesto per il trattamento di osteonecrosi della testa femorale].

Para evaluar la t&eacute;cnica quir&uacute;rgica, resultados cl&iacute;nicos y las complicaciones de modificado libre fibular injerto vascularizado para el tratamiento de la osteonecrosis de la cabeza femoral.

[T&eacute;cnica quir&uacute;rgica de modificado libre fibular injerto vascularizado para tratamiento de osteonecrosis de la cabeza femoral].

To review the researches on the joint-preserving procedures for the treatment of the avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head.

[Progress of joint-preserving procedures for treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head].

Pour examiner les recherches sur les m&eacute;thodes de pr&eacute;servation conjointe pour le traitement de la n&eacute;crose avasculaire (AVN) de la t&ecirc;te f&eacute;morale.

[Les progr&egrave;s de la commune o&ugrave; sont conserv&eacute;s les proc&eacute;dures pour le traitement de la n&eacute;crose avasculaire de la t&ecirc;te f&eacute;morale].

Per rivedere le ricerche sulle procedure joint-preservare per il trattamento della necrosi avascolare (AVN) della testa del femore.

[Corso di articolazione preservando le procedure per il trattamento della necrosi avascolare della testa femorale].

Revisar las investigaciones sobre los procedimientos de preservaci&oacute;n de empalme para el tratamiento de la necrosis avascular (AVN) de la cabeza femoral.

[Proceso de preservaci&oacute;n de articulaci&oacute;n de procedimientos para el tratamiento de la necrosis avascular de cabeza femoral].

To establish a three-foot weight-bearing canine model to imitate the biomechanical loading environment of the human's hip joint. To observe and compare the kinetic changes of hind limbs between normal and three-foot weight bearing canines.

[Kinetic changes of canine's hindlimbs after fixation of one forelimb].

D&#39;&eacute;tablir un mod&egrave;le canin de poids-roulement de trois pieds pour imiter l&#39;environnement de chargement biom&eacute;canique de l&#39;articulation de la hanche de l&#39;homme. D&#39;observer et de comparer les variations cin&eacute;tiques des membres post&eacute;rieurs entre canines de roulement de poids normal et trois pieds.

[Variations cin&eacute;tiques des membres post&eacute;rieurs de canine apr&egrave;s fixation d&#39;un membre ant&eacute;rieur].

Per stabilire un modello canino di peso-cuscinetto tre-piede per imitare l&#39;ambiente carico biomeccanico dell&#39;articolazione dell&#39;anca di umani. Osservare e confrontare le modifiche cinetiche degli arti posteriori tra canini cuscinetto di peso normale e tre-piede.

[Modifiche cinetiche degli arti posteriori del cane dopo la fissazione di un arto].

Para establecer un modelo canino de carga de tres pies para imitar el ambiente de carga biomec&aacute;nica de la articulaci&oacute;n de la cadera del ser humano. Observar y comparar los cambios cin&eacute;ticos de extremidades traseras entre caninos del cojinete de peso normal y tres pies.

[Cambios cin&eacute;ticos de miembros posteriores del canino despu&eacute;s de la fijaci&oacute;n de un miembro anterior].

To measure the changes of bone mineral density and bone micro-architecture of the femoral head that harvested from the three-foot bearing ethanol destroyed canine model for osteonecrosis of femoral head, and discuss the influences of local injection of ethanol and biomechanical loading to the structural properties of the femoral head.

[Changes in bone micro-architecture and bone mineral density following experimental osteonecrosis of femoral head by local injection of ethanol in canines].

Pour mesurer les modifications de l&#39;OS densit&eacute; min&eacute;rale et micro-architecture osseuse de la t&ecirc;te f&eacute;morale qui r&eacute;colt&eacute;es sur l&#39;&eacute;thanol de roulement &agrave; trois pieds d&eacute;truit un mod&egrave;le canin d&#39;ost&eacute;on&eacute;crose de la t&ecirc;te f&eacute;morale et discuter les influences d&#39;injection locale d&#39;&eacute;thanol et biom&eacute;canique de chargement pour les propri&eacute;t&eacute;s structurales de la t&ecirc;te f&eacute;morale.

[Changements dans la densit&eacute; min&eacute;rale osseuse micro-architecture et OS, suite exp&eacute;rimentale ost&eacute;on&eacute;crose de la t&ecirc;te f&eacute;morale par injection locale d&#39;&eacute;thanol dans les canines].

Per misurare i cambiamenti dell&#39;osso densit&agrave; minerale e osseo micro-architettura della testa del femore che raccolte da etanolo tre-piede cuscinetto distrutto modello canino per l&#39;osteonecrosi della testa femorale e discutere le influenze del locale iniezione di etanolo e biomeccaniche di caricamento per le propriet&agrave; strutturali della testa femorale.

[Cambiamenti nella densit&agrave; minerale ossea micro-architettura e osso seguito sperimentale osteonecrosi della testa femorale mediante iniezione locale di etanolo in canini].

Para medir los cambios del hueso densidad mineral y microarquitectura &oacute;sea de la cabeza femoral que extra&iacute;das del etanol de tres pies de cojinete destrucci&oacute;n modelo canino de osteonecrosis de la cabeza femoral y discuten las influencias de la inyecci&oacute;n local de etanol y biomec&aacute;nica cargando a las propiedades estructurales de la cabeza femoral.

[Cambios microarquitectura y hueso densidad mineral &oacute;sea tras experimental osteonecrosis de la cabeza femoral por inyecci&oacute;n local de etanol en caninos].

Implant-associated infection is a serious complication in orthopedic surgery, and endowing implant surfaces with antibacterial properties could be one of the most promising approaches for preventing such infection. In this study, we developed cefazolin loaded biodegradable polypeptide multilayer nanofilms on orthopedic implants. We found that the amount of cefazolin released could be tuned. A high local concentration of cefazolin was achieved within the first a few hours and therefore may inhibit bacterial colonization in the critical postimplantation period. The developed cefazolin loaded nanofilms showed their in vitro efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus; the more antibiotics loaded, the longer the nanocoated implant had antibacterial properties. More interestingly, antibiotic-loaded polypeptide multilayer nanofilms also improved osteoblast bioactivity including cell viability and proliferation. These findings suggested that biodegradable polypeptide multilayer nanofilms as antibiotic carriers at the implant/tissue interface are compatible with human cells such as osteoblasts and bactericidal to bacteria such as S. aureus. These characteristics could be promising for preventing implant-associated infection and potentially improving bone healing.

Cefazolin embedded biodegradable polypeptide nanofilms promising for infection prevention: a preliminary study on cell responses.

Implant-associ&eacute;e &agrave; l&#39;infection est une complication grave en chirurgie orthop&eacute;dique, et doter les surfaces de l&#39;implant avec des propri&eacute;t&eacute;s antibact&eacute;riennes pourrait &ecirc;tre une des approches plus prometteuses pour la pr&eacute;vention de cette infection. Dans cette &eacute;tude, nous avons d&eacute;velopp&eacute; la c&eacute;fazoline charg&eacute;e polypeptide biod&eacute;gradable nanofilms multicouche sur implants orthop&eacute;diques. Nous avons trouv&eacute; que la quantit&eacute; de c&eacute;fazoline lib&eacute;r&eacute;e pourrait &ecirc;tre &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;coute. Une forte concentration locale de c&eacute;fazoline a &eacute;t&eacute; atteint dans le premier quelques heures et par cons&eacute;quent peut inhiber la colonisation bact&eacute;rienne dans la p&eacute;riode critique de postimplantation. La c&eacute;fazoline d&eacute;velopp&eacute;e charg&eacute; nanofilms ont montr&eacute; leur efficacit&eacute; in vitro contre Staphylococcus aureus ; les antibiotiques les plus charg&eacute;s, plus l&#39;implant s&#39;a des propri&eacute;t&eacute;s antibact&eacute;riennes. Plus int&eacute;ressant encore, charg&eacute;s en antibiotique polypeptidique nanofilms multicouche am&eacute;lior&eacute; aussi bioactivit&eacute; ost&eacute;oblastique, y compris la prolif&eacute;ration et la viabilit&eacute; cellulaire. Ces r&eacute;sultats sugg&egrave;rent que nanofilms multicouche biod&eacute;gradable polypeptide comme antibiotiques porteurs &agrave; l&#39;interface implant/tissu sont compatibles avec des cellules humaines comme les ost&eacute;oblastes et bact&eacute;ricide &agrave; bact&eacute;ries telles que S. aureus. Ces caract&eacute;ristiques pourraient &ecirc;tre prometteurs pour pr&eacute;venir les infections associ&eacute;es aux implants et potentiellement am&eacute;liorer la gu&eacute;rison osseuse.

C&eacute;fazoline incorpor&eacute; polypeptide biod&eacute;gradable nanofilms prometteuses pour la pr&eacute;vention de l&#39;infection : une &eacute;tude pr&eacute;liminaire sur les r&eacute;actions de cellules.

Infezioni associate all&#39;impianto sono una complicanza grave in chirurgia ortopedica, e dotare l&#39;impianto di superfici con propriet&agrave; antibatteriche potrebbe essere uno degli approcci pi&ugrave; promettenti per prevenire tali infezioni. In questo studio, abbiamo sviluppato la cefazolina caricato biodegradabile polipeptide nanofilms multistrato su Protesi ortopediche. Abbiamo trovato che la quantit&agrave; di cefazolina rilasciato poteva essere sintonizzata. Un&#39;elevata concentrazione locale di cefazolina &egrave; stato raggiunto entro la prima un paio d&#39;ore e quindi pu&ograve; inibire la colonizzazione batterica nel periodo critico di postimplantation. La cefazolina sviluppato caricato nanofilms hanno dimostrato la loro efficacia in vitro contro Staphylococcus aureus; gli antibiotici pi&ugrave; caricati, il pi&ugrave; a lungo l&#39;impianto nanocoated ha propriet&agrave; antibatteriche. Pi&ugrave; interessante, polipeptide antibiotico caricato nanofilms multistrato anche migliorato bioattivit&agrave; degli osteoblasti, compresa la proliferazione e la vitalit&agrave; delle cellule. Queste scoperte ha suggerito che nanofilms multistrato polipeptide biodegradabili come antibiotici vettori all&#39;interfaccia impianto/tessuto sono compatibili con le cellule umane quali osteoblasti e battericida per batteri come Staphylococcus aureus. Queste caratteristiche potrebbero essere promettente per prevenire le infezioni associate all&#39;impianto e potenzialmente migliorare la guarigione ossea.

Cefazolina incorporato biodegradabile polipeptide nanofilms promettente per la prevenzione delle infezioni: uno studio preliminare sulle risposte delle cellule.

Las infecciones asociadas con implante es una complicaci&oacute;n seria en cirug&iacute;a ortop&eacute;dica, y dotar a las superficies de implantes con propiedades antibacterianas podr&iacute;a ser uno de los enfoques m&aacute;s prometedores para la prevenci&oacute;n de dicha infecci&oacute;n. En este estudio, hemos desarrollado cefazolina cargado biodegradable polip&eacute;ptido nanofilms multicapa en implantes ortop&eacute;dicos. Encontramos que la cantidad de cefazolina liberado puede ajustarse. Una alta concentraci&oacute;n local de cefazolina se logr&oacute; dentro de las primeras pocas horas y por lo tanto puede inhibir la colonizaci&oacute;n bacteriana en el per&iacute;odo cr&iacute;tico de postimplantaci&oacute;n. La cefazolina desarrollado cargado nanofilms demostrada su eficacia in vitro contra Staphylococcus aureus; los antibi&oacute;ticos m&aacute;s cargados, m&aacute;s largo es el implante de nanocoated ten&iacute;a propiedades antibacterianas. M&aacute;s interesante, cargado de Antibi&oacute;tico polip&eacute;ptido nanofilms multicapa tambi&eacute;n mejor&oacute; bioactividad de osteoblastos, incluyendo la proliferaci&oacute;n y la viabilidad celular. Estos resultados sugirieron nanofilms multicapa de polip&eacute;ptido biodegradables como portadores de antibi&oacute;ticos en la interfaz de implante de tejido son compatibles con las c&eacute;lulas humanas como los osteoblastos y bactericidas para las bacterias como el S. aureus. Estas caracter&iacute;sticas podr&iacute;an ser prometedores para la prevenci&oacute;n de infecciones asociadas a implantes y potencialmente mejorar la cicatrizaci&oacute;n del hueso.

Cefazolina incrustado biodegradable polip&eacute;ptido nanofilms prometedor para la prevenci&oacute;n de la infecci&oacute;n: un estudio preliminar sobre las respuestas de la c&eacute;lula.

In the literature, a few biological cells have been used as templates to form microcapsules of a variety of shapes and sizes. In this study, we proved the concept that living cells like platelets can be encapsulated with polyelectrolytes using electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly (LBL), and, most importantly, the encapsulation process did not induce activation of the platelets. Glycol-chitosan and poly-L-glutamic acid were electrostatically deposited onto platelets, and the encapsulation was confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy observation further confirmed that the encapsulation process was mild and the activation of platelets was negligible. The encapsulation of living biological cells like platelets can serve as a model system in a wide range of biomedical applications including local and sustained drug delivery, immune protection of artificial tissues, and versatile artificial blood.

Nanoencapsulating living biological cells using electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly: platelets as a model.

Dans la litt&eacute;rature, quelques cellules biologiques ont servi de mod&egrave;les aux microcapsules de forme d&#39;une vari&eacute;t&eacute; de formes et tailles. Dans cette &eacute;tude, nous avons prouv&eacute; la notion que les cellules vivantes comme les plaquettes peuvent &ecirc;tre encapsul&eacute;s avec poly&eacute;lectrolytes en utilisant la couche par couche &eacute;lectrostatique auto-assemblage (LBL), et, surtout, le processus d&#39;encapsulation n&#39;induit pas d&#39;activation des plaquettes. Chitosan-glycol et l&#39;acide poly-L-glutamique d&eacute;posaient &eacute;lectrostatiquement sur les plaquettes et l&#39;encapsulation a &eacute;t&eacute; confirm&eacute;e &agrave; l&#39;aide de laser confocal, microscopie &agrave; balayage et au microscope &eacute;lectronique &agrave; balayage. Observation au microscope &eacute;lectronique de transmission a en outre confirm&eacute; que le processus d&#39;encapsulation a &eacute;t&eacute; doux et l&#39;activation des plaquettes a &eacute;t&eacute; n&eacute;gligeable. L&#39;encapsulation des cellules biologiques vivants comme les plaquettes peuvent servir comme un syst&egrave;me de mod&egrave;le dans un large &eacute;ventail d&#39;applications biom&eacute;dicales, y compris la livraison de drogue local et durable, la protection immunitaire des tissus artificiels et versatile sang artificiel.

Nanoencapsulating vie cellules biologiques utilisant la couche par couche &eacute;lectrostatique auto-assemblage : plaquettes comme mod&egrave;le.

Nella letteratura, poche cellule biologiche sono state usate come modelli di microcapsule di forma di una variet&agrave; di forme e dimensioni. In questo studio, abbiamo dimostrato il concetto che le cellule viventi come le piastrine possono essere incapsulate con polielettroliti usando l&#39;auto-assemblaggio elettrostatico strato dopo strato (LBL), e, soprattutto, il processo di incapsulamento non ha indotto l&#39;attivazione delle piastrine. Glicole-chitosano e acido poli-L-glutammico elettrostaticamente erano depositati su piastrine, e l&#39;incapsulamento &egrave; stato confermato mediante microscopia a scansione e microscopia elettronica a scansione confocale laser. Osservazione di microscopia elettronica di trasmissione ha ulteriormente confermato che il processo di incapsulamento &egrave; stato mite e l&#39;attivazione delle piastrine era trascurabile. L&#39;incapsulamento delle cellule biologiche viventi come le piastrine pu&ograve; servire come un sistema di modello in una vasta gamma di applicazioni biomediche, compresa la consegna della droga locale e sostenuta, protezione immunitaria dei tessuti artificiali e il sangue artificiale versatile.

Nanoencapsulating cellule viventi biologiche usando elettrostatico strato dopo strato auto-assemblaggio: piastrine come un modello.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative muscle disorder characterized by the lack of dystrophin expression at the sarcolemma of muscle fibers. In addition, DMD patients acquire osteopenia, fragility fractures, and scoliosis indicating that a deficiency in skeletal homeostasis coexists but little is known about the effects of DMD on bone and other connective tissues within the musculoskeletal system. Recent evidence has emerged implicating adult stem cell dysfunction in DMD myopathogenesis. Given the common mesenchymal origin of muscle and bone, we sought to investigate bone and other musculoskeletal tissues in a DMD mouse model. Here, we report that dystrophin-utrophin double knockout (dko) mice exhibit a spectrum of degenerative changes, outside skeletal muscle, in bone, articular cartilage, and intervertebral discs, in addition to reduced lifespan, muscle degeneration, spinal deformity, and cardiomyopathy previously reported. We also report these mice to have a reduced capacity for bone healing and exhibit spontaneous heterotopic ossification in the hind limb muscles. Therefore, we propose the dko mouse as a model for premature musculoskeletal aging and posit that a similar phenomenon may occur in patients with DMD.

Dystrophin and utrophin "double knockout" dystrophic mice exhibit a spectrum of degenerative musculoskeletal abnormalities.

Dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) est un trouble d&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ratif musculaire caract&eacute;ris&eacute; par l&#39;absence d&#39;expression de la dystrophine au sarcolemme des fibres musculaires. En outre, les patients DMD acqui&egrave;rent l&#39;ost&eacute;op&eacute;nie, fractures de fragilit&eacute; et Scoliose indiquant qu&#39;une carence dans l&#39;hom&eacute;ostasie squelettique coexiste, mais on conna&icirc;t mal les effets de la DMD sur OS et autres tissus conjonctifs au sein de l&#39;appareil locomoteur. Des preuves r&eacute;centes a &eacute;merg&eacute; impliquant le dysfonctionnement des cellules souches adultes dans DMD myopathogenesis. Compte tenu de l&#39;origine m&eacute;senchymateuse commune de muscle et d&#39;os, nous avons cherch&eacute; &agrave; enqu&ecirc;ter sur les os et autres tissus musculo-squelettiques dans un mod&egrave;le murin DMD. Nous rapportons ici que la dystrophine-utrophine double Ko (dko) souris pr&eacute;sentent un spectre des changements d&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ratifs, en dehors du muscle squelettique, en os, le cartilage articulaire et des disques intervert&eacute;braux, en plus de la dur&eacute;e de vie r&eacute;duite, d&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;rescence musculaire, d&eacute;formation de la colonne vert&eacute;brale et cardiomyopathie signal&eacute; auparavant. Nous rapportons &eacute;galement ces souris ont une capacit&eacute; r&eacute;duite pour la gu&eacute;rison osseuse et pr&eacute;sentent une ossification h&eacute;t&eacute;rotopique spontan&eacute;e dans les muscles des membres post&eacute;rieurs. C&#39;est pourquoi, nous proposons la souris dko comme mod&egrave;le pour le vieillissement pr&eacute;matur&eacute; de l&#39;appareil locomoteur et postulent qu&#39;un ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne similaire peut se produire chez les patients atteints de DMD.

Dystrophine et utrophine &laquo; knockout double &raquo; souris dystrophiques pr&eacute;sentent un spectre d&#39;anomalies musculo-squelettiques d&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ratives.

Distrofia muscolare di Duchenne (DMD) &egrave; un disturbo muscolare degenerativa caratterizzato dalla mancanza di espressione di distrofina presso il sarcolemma delle fibre muscolari. Inoltre, i pazienti DMD acquisiscono osteopenia, fratture di fragilit&agrave; e scoliosi che indica che una carenza nell&#39;omeostasi scheletrica coesiste ma poco si sa circa gli effetti della DMD su osso e altri tessuti connettivi all&#39;interno del sistema muscolo-scheletrico. Recenti prove sono emerso che coinvolgono la disfunzione delle cellule staminali adulte nella DMD myopathogenesis. Data la comune origine mesenchimale del muscolo ed osso, abbiamo cercato di indagare le ossa e altri tessuti muscolo-scheletrici in un modello murino DMD. Qui, segnaliamo che topi di distrofina-utrophin doppio knockout (dko) presentano uno spettro di alterazioni degenerative, all&#39;esterno del muscolo scheletrico, osso, cartilagine articolare, e dischi intervertebrali, oltre alla durata della vita ridotta, degenerazione muscolare, deformit&agrave; spinale e cardiomiopatia precedentemente segnalato. Segnaliamo anche questi topi hanno una ridotta capacit&agrave; di guarigione ossea ed esporre spontanea ossificazione eterotopica nei muscoli degli arti posteriori. Pertanto, proponiamo il mouse dko come un modello per invecchiamento precoce muscoloscheletrico e ipotizzare che un simile fenomeno pu&ograve; verificarsi in pazienti con DMD.

Topi distrofici distrofina e utrophin &quot;doppia eliminazione&quot; presentano uno spettro di anomalie degenerative muscolo-scheletriche.

Muscle-derived cells have been successfully isolated using a variety of different methods and have been shown to possess multilineage differentiation capacities, including an ability to differentiate into articular cartilage and bone in vivo; however, the characterization of human muscle-derived stem cells (hMDSCs) and their bone regenerative capacities, have not been fully investigated. Genetic modification of these cells may enhance their osteogenic capacity which could potentially be applied for bone regenerative therapies. We found that hMDSCs, isolated by the preplate technique, consistently expressed the myogenic marker CD56, pericyte/endothelial cell marker CD146, mesenchymal stem cell markers CD73, CD90, CD105, CD44, but did not express the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD45, and they could undergo osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and myogenic differentiation in vitro. In order to investigate the osteoinductive potential of hMDSCs, we constructed a retroviral vector expressing BMP4 and GFP, and a lentiviral vector expressing BMP2. The BMP4 expressing hMDSCs were able to undergo osteogenic differentiation in vitro and exhibited enhanced mineralization compared to non-transduced cells; however, when transplanted into a calvarial defect they failed to regenerate bone. Local administration of BMP4 protein and cell pre-treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), which improves cell survival, did not enhance the osteogenic capacity of the retro-BMP4 transduced cells. In contrast, lenti-BMP2 transduced hMDSCs not only exhibited enhanced in vitro osteogenic differentiation, but also induced robust bone formation and nearly completely healed a critical size calvarial defect in CD-1 nude mice 6 weeks following transplantation. Herovici's staining of the regenerated bone demonstrated that the bone matrix contained a large amount of type I collagen. Our findings indicated that the hMDSCs are likely mesenchymal stem cells of muscle origin, and that BMP2 is more efficient than BMP4 for promoting the bone regenerative capacity of the hMDSCs in vivo.

BMP2 is superior to BMP4 for promoting human muscle derived-stem cell mediated bone regeneration in a critical size calvarial defect model.

Cellules de muscle-d&eacute;riv&eacute;es ont &eacute;t&eacute; avec succ&egrave;s isol&eacute;s &agrave; l&#39;aide d&#39;une vari&eacute;t&eacute; de m&eacute;thodes diff&eacute;rentes et ont d&eacute;montr&eacute; les capacit&eacute;s de diff&eacute;renciation multilign&eacute;e, y compris une capacit&eacute; de diff&eacute;rencier dans le cartilage articulaire et osseuse in vivo ; Toutefois, la caract&eacute;risation des humains muscle-d&eacute;riv&eacute;es des cellules souches (hMDSCs) et leur capacit&eacute; de r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration osseuse, n&#39;ont pas &eacute;t&eacute; enti&egrave;rement &eacute;tudi&eacute;e. Modification g&eacute;n&eacute;tique de ces cellules peut-&ecirc;tre accro&icirc;tre leur capacit&eacute; ost&eacute;og&eacute;nique qui pourrait potentiellement s&#39;appliquer pour des th&eacute;rapies de r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration osseuse. Nous trouv&eacute; ce hMDSCs, isol&eacute;e par la technique preplate, constamment exprim&eacute; le myog&egrave;ne marqueurs CD56, marqueur de cellules endoth&eacute;liales/pericyte CD146, des cellules souches m&eacute;senchymateuses marqueurs CD73, CD90, CD105, CD44, mais n&#39;a pas exprim&eacute; le marqueur de cellules souches h&eacute;matopo&iuml;&eacute;tiques CD45, et elles pourraient subir ost&eacute;og&eacute;nique, chondrog&eacute;niques, adipocytaire et diff&eacute;renciation myog&eacute;nique in vitro. Afin d&#39;&eacute;tudier le potentiel de l&#39;ost&eacute;o-inducteurs d&#39;hMDSCs, nous avons construit un vecteur r&eacute;troviral exprimant BMP4 et GFP et un vecteur lentiviral exprimant la BMP2. La BMP4 exprimant hMDSCs ont pu subissent une diff&eacute;renciation ost&eacute;og&eacute;nique in vitro et expos&eacute; am&eacute;lior&eacute; de min&eacute;ralisation par rapport aux cellules non-transduites ; Toutefois, lorsque transplant&eacute;s dans un d&eacute;faut de substance ils n&#39;ont pas de r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration osseuse. Administration locale de prot&eacute;ine BMP4 et cellule de pr&eacute;traitement avec la N-ac&eacute;tyl-cyst&eacute;ine (NAC), qui am&eacute;liore la survie des cellules, n&#39;augmente pas la capacit&eacute; ost&eacute;og&eacute;nique des cellules r&eacute;tro-BMP4 transduites. En revanche, lenti-BMP2 transduites hMDSCs non seulement pr&eacute;sentaient une diff&eacute;renciation ost&eacute;og&eacute;nique in vitro, mais a aussi induit la formation osseuse robuste et presque compl&egrave;tement gu&eacute;ri un d&eacute;faut de substance de taille critique chez la souris nude CD-1 6 semaines apr&egrave;s la transplantation. Herovici coloration de l&#39;OS r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;r&eacute; a d&eacute;montr&eacute; que la matrice osseuse contenue une grande quantit&eacute; de collag&egrave;ne de type I. Nos r&eacute;sultats indiquent que les hMDSCs sont des cellules souches m&eacute;senchymateuses probables d&#39;origine musculaire, et que BMP2 est plus efficace que la BMP4 pour la promotion de la capacit&eacute; de r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration osseuse de l&#39;hMDSCs in vivo.

BMP2 est sup&eacute;rieure &agrave; BMP4 pour promouvoir le muscle humain d&eacute;riv&eacute;-stem cell m&eacute;di&eacute;e par la r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration osseuse dans un mod&egrave;le de calvarial d&eacute;faut de taille critique.

Muscolo-derivate le cellule sono state correttamente isolate utilizzando una variet&agrave; di metodi diversi e hanno dimostrate di possedere capacit&agrave; di differenziazione multilineare, compresa la capacit&agrave; di differenziarsi in cartilagine articolare e l&#39;osso in vivo; Tuttavia, la caratterizzazione del muscolo-derivate cellule staminali (hMDSCs) e le loro capacit&agrave; rigenerativa ossea, non sono state completamente indagate. Modificazione genetica di queste cellule possa aumentare la loro capacit&agrave; osteogeniche che potenzialmente potrebbe essere applicato per le terapie rigenerative ossee. Abbiamo trovato che hMDSCs, isolato dalla tecnica preplate, costantemente espresso il marcatore miogena CD56, marcatore delle cellule endoteliali/profilo CD146, marcatori di cellule staminali mesenchimali CD73, CD90, CD105, CD44, ma non si &egrave; espresso il marker di cellule staminali emopoietiche CD45, e potrebbe subire osteogeniche, chondrogenic, adipogenic e miogena differenziazione in vitro. Al fine di indagare il potenziale osteoinduttivo della hMDSCs, abbiamo costruito un vettore retrovirale esprimendo BMP4 e GFP e un vettore lentivirale esprimendo BMP2. Il BMP4 che esprimono hMDSCs sono stati in grado di subire osteogeniche differenziazione in vitro ed esposto enhanced mineralizzazione rispetto alle cellule non transduced; Tuttavia, quando trapiantato in un difetto del cuoio capelluto hanno fallito rigenerare l&#39;osso. Amministrazione locale della proteina BMP4 e cellule pre-trattamento con N-acetil-cisteina (NAC), che migliora la sopravvivenza delle cellule, non ha fatto migliorare la capacit&agrave; osteogeniche delle cellule retr&ograve;-BMP4 transduced. In contrasto, lenti-BMP2 transduced hMDSCs non solo esposto una maggiore differenziazione osteogeniche in vitro, ma anche indotto la formazione ossea robusta e quasi completamente guarito un difetto di cuoio capelluto dimensione critica in topi nudi CD-1 6 settimane dopo il trapianto. Colorazione di Herovici dell&#39;osso rigenerato ha dimostrato che la matrice ossea contiene una grande quantit&agrave; di collagene di tipo I. I nostri risultati ha indicato che i hMDSCs sono probabilmente le cellule staminali mesenchimali di origine muscolare, e che BMP2 &egrave; pi&ugrave; efficiente di BMP4 per promuovere la capacit&agrave; rigenerativa ossea della hMDSCs in vivo.

BMP2 &egrave; superiore a BMP4 per promuovere il muscolo umano delle cellule staminali derivate mediata rigenerazione ossea in un modello di cuoio capelluto difetto dimensione critica.

Platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) has attracted great attention and has been increasingly used for a variety of clinical applications including orthopedic surgeries, periodontal and oral surgeries, maxillofacial surgeries, plastic surgeries, and sports medicine. However, very little is known about the antimicrobial activities of PRP. PRP is found to have antimicrobial properties both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the antimicrobial properties of PRP are bacterial-strain-specific and time-specific: PRP significantly (80-100 fold reduction in colony-forming units) inhibits the growth of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Group A streptococcus, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae within the first few hours but it has no significant antimicrobial properties against E. coli and Pseudomonas. The antimicrobial properties of PRP also depend on the concentration of thrombin. In vivo, an implant-associated spinal infection rabbit model is established and used to evaluate the antimicrobial and wound-healing properties of PRP. Compared to the infection controls, PRP treatment results in significant reduction in bacterial colonies in bone samples at all time points studied (i.e. 1, 2, and 3 weeks) and significant increase in mineralized tissues (thereby better bone healing) at postoperative weeks 2 and 3. PRP therefore may be a useful adjunct strategy against postoperative implant-associated infections.

Unique Antimicrobial Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Its Efficacy as a Prophylaxis to Prevent Implant-Associated Spinal Infection.

Plasma riche en plaquettes-(PRP) a attir&eacute; une grande attention et a &eacute;t&eacute; de plus en plus utilis&eacute; pour une vari&eacute;t&eacute; d&#39;applications cliniques, y compris les chirurgies orthop&eacute;diques, chirurgies parodontales et par voie orale, chirurgie maxillo-faciale, chirurgies plastiques et m&eacute;decine du sport. Cependant, tr&egrave;s peu est connu sur les activit&eacute;s antimicrobiennes de la PRP. PRP s&#39;av&egrave;re pour pr&eacute;senter des propri&eacute;t&eacute;s antimicrobiennes in vitro et in vivo. In vitro, les propri&eacute;t&eacute;s antimicrobiennes de la PRP sont sp&eacute;cifiques &agrave; la souche bact&eacute;rienne et pr&eacute;cis : PRP significativement (80-100 pli r&eacute;duction formatrices unit&eacute;s) inhibe la croissance de sensible &agrave; la m&eacute;thicilline et methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, un streptocoque groupe et Neisseria gonorrhoeae dans les premi&egrave;res heures, mais il ne comporte aucune propri&eacute;t&eacute; antimicrobienne significative contre e. coli et Pseudomonas. Les propri&eacute;t&eacute;s antimicrobiennes de la PRP d&eacute;pendent aussi de la concentration de la thrombine. In vivo, un mod&egrave;le de lapin infection rachidienne associ&eacute;e &agrave; implant est cr&eacute;&eacute; et utilis&eacute; pour &eacute;valuer les propri&eacute;t&eacute;s antimicrobiennes et cicatrisation de la PRP. Par rapport aux contr&ocirc;les infection, PRP traitement entra&icirc;ne une r&eacute;duction significative dans les colonies de bact&eacute;ries dans des &eacute;chantillons d&#39;os &agrave; tous les points de temps &eacute;tudi&eacute; (c.-&agrave;-d. les semaines 1, 2 et 3) et une augmentation significative dans min&eacute;ralis&eacute;es tissus (la gu&eacute;rison d&#39;osseuse ainsi mieux) semaines postop&eacute;ratoires, 2 et 3. PRP peut donc &ecirc;tre une strat&eacute;gie auxiliaire utile contre les infections postop&eacute;ratoires associ&eacute;s aux implants.

Effets antimicrobiens uniques de Plasma riche en plaquettes et son efficacit&eacute; comme prophylaxie pour pr&eacute;venir l&#39;Infection de la colonne vert&eacute;brale associ&eacute;es aux implants.

Plasma-piastrine-ricco (PRP) ha attirato grande attenzione ed &egrave; stato sempre pi&ugrave; usato per una variet&agrave; di applicazioni cliniche, tra cui interventi di chirurgia ortopediche, chirurgia orale e parodontale, chirurgia maxillo-facciale, interventi di chirurgia plastica e medicina dello sport. Tuttavia, molto poco si sa circa l&#39;attivit&agrave; antimicrobica di PRP. PRP &egrave; trovato per avere propriet&agrave; antimicrobiche sia in vitro che in vivo. In vitro, le propriet&agrave; antimicrobiche del PRP sono batteriche-ceppo-specifici e tempo: PRP significativamente (80-100 volte riduzione formanti unit&agrave;) inibisce la crescita di Staphylococcus meticillino-sensibili e meticillino-resistenti aureus, gruppo A streptococco e Neisseria gonorrhoeae entro le prime ore, ma non ha nessuna significativa propriet&agrave; antimicrobiche contro e. coli e Pseudomonas. Le propriet&agrave; antimicrobiche della PRP anche dipendono dalla concentrazione di trombina. In vivo, un modello di coniglio infezione spinale associate all&#39;impianto &egrave; stabilito e utilizzato per valutare le propriet&agrave; antimicrobiche e guarigione delle ferite di PRP. Rispetto ai controlli infezione, PRP trattamento risultati riduzione significativa di colonie batteriche nei campioni di osso in tutti i punti di tempo studiato (cio&egrave; 1, 2 e 3 settimane) e aumento significativo mineralizzata tessuti (quindi migliore guarigione ossea) a settimane postoperatorie, 2 e 3. PRP, pertanto, potrebbe essere una strategia utile adiuvante contro le infezioni associate all&#39;impianto post-operatorie.

Unici effetti antimicrobici di Plasma ricco di piastrine e la sua efficacia come una profilassi per prevenire l&#39;infezione spinale associate all&#39;impianto.

Hongshuai Li

Department of Orthopaedics,
School of Medicine,
Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine

West Virginia University

PRP as a New Approach to Prevent Infection: Preparation and In vitro Antimicrobial Properties of PRP

Hongshuai Li

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Department of Orthopaedics,School of Medicine,Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine

West Virginia University

PRP as a New Approach to Prevent Infection: Preparation and In vitro Antimicrobial Properties of PRP

Department of Orthopaedics,
School of Medicine,
Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine