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Chapter 10
Developmental psychology involves studying human development, which refers to the pattern of changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life. ...
Human development is studied across three main domains: physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. Physical processes, known as maturation, refer to the ...
Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development proposes that early childhood experiences play a crucial role in shaping personality and behavior ...
Jean Piaget emphasized children's cognitive development, asserting that thinking plays a central role and that children have an inherent curiosity. ...
Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage, which spans from birth to approximately two years. During this stage, infants ...
Piaget's second stage of cognitive development is the preoperational stage which spans from ages 2 to 7. During this period, children engage in ...
Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, the concrete operational stage, lasts from 7 to 11 years of age. In this stage, children develop ...
Piaget's fourth and last stage of cognitive development is the formal operational stage which begins around age 11 and continues through adulthood. ...
Cognitive development during adolescence is marked by increased cognitive empathy, the ability to adopt others' perspectives, and an understanding of ...
Cognitive development in adulthood progresses through early, middle, and late adulthood, each characterized by distinct cognitive changes. In early ...
The Nativist approach to infant cognitive development suggests that infants are born with significant knowledge and understanding of the world. For ...
Lev Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, introduced a theory of cognitive development that emphasizes the critical role of social and cultural influences in ...
The information processing theory of cognitive development focuses on essential cognitive processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving ...
A revisionist approach often challenges or reinterprets established theories, like Piaget's, by incorporating new evidence or insights, as discussed ...
Understanding socio-emotional development in infancy requires examining the foundational emotional and social elements present early in life, such as ...
Attachment is essential for socio-emotional development in infants. It refers to the close emotional bond between an infant and its caregiver. John Bowlby ...
Erik Erikson emphasized the role of social factors in personality development and introduced a concept called psychosocial development. He proposed eight ...
Diana Baumrind identified four primary parenting styles with varying impacts on children's socio-emotional development. Authoritarian parenting is ...
Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development is known as identity vs. role confusion and focuses on adolescence, spanning from ages 12 to ...
James Marcia proposed the identity status concept to describe how adolescents approach identity formation. His model is based on two core dimensions. ...
Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face unique challenges in forming their identities. As they mature, they often become keenly aware of how the ...
Parents and peers play critical roles in helping adolescents shape their identities, addressing the fundamental questions: "Who am I, and who do I ...
Jeffrey Arnett introduced the concept of emerging adulthood to describe the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood, typically from ages 18 to ...
Erikson's psychosocial development theory highlights key challenges in adulthood: intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and ...
Self-concept refers to an individual's understanding of their identity. In infancy, there is no sense of self, and infants often mistake their ...
Several biological processes influence aging, and three main theories explain its mechanisms. The cellular clock theory proposes that human cells have a ...
Socio-emotional experiences play a crucial role in gender development. As children grow, they adopt gender roles, which reflect expectations about how ...
Kohlberg's theory of moral development explores how individuals reason about moral issues. The Heinz dilemma, a central example, involves a man ...
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross developed a model on the stages of dying to understand how individuals cope with dying. She focused on studying terminally ill ...
George Bonanno identified four patterns of grieving by examining the experiences of individuals who have undergone bereavement, including the loss of a ...
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