Bearing stress refers to the contact pressure between two separate bodies. To visualize this, imagine a bolt thrust through a plate. The bolt applies a force to the plate, which exerts an equal but opposite force back onto the bolt. This force isn't just a singular entity but a compilation of numerous smaller forces distributed across the contact surface between the bolt and the plate.

Due to the intricacy of these microforces, an average value, known as bearing stress, is often used by engineers for simplification. The bearing stress is determined by dividing the bolt's applied load by the projected area of the bolt on the plate.

Comprehending bearing stress is an essential part of structural engineering. It gives engineers a critical understanding of how different forces interact within a structure. This knowledge is crucial when designing structures as it helps ensure the safety and efficiency of their designs.

By accurately calculating bearing stress, engineers can prevent potential failures due to excessive force and extend the structure's lifespan. In conclusion, bearing stress is a pivotal concept in structural engineering. It's a key factor in determining the durability and safety of a structure.