a-protocol-for-immunohistochemistry-rna-situ-distribution-within

A Protocol for Immunohistochemistry and RNA <em>In-situ</em> Distribution within Early <em>Drosophila</em> Embryo

Calcium induced calcium release signaling (CICR) plays a critical role in many biological processes. Every cellular activity from cell proliferation and ...

Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences

FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) have become the subject of considerable interest in several fields, leading to the identification of several cellular and molecular pathways in which FKBPs impact prenatal development and pathogenesis of many human diseases.

Comparative analysis of FKBP family protein: evaluation, structure, and function in mammals and Drosophila melanogaster.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global cause of mortality, which has prompted numerous studies seeking to reduce the risk of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. While regular physical activity is known to improve CVD associated morbidity and mortality, the optimal duration, frequency, and intensity of exercise remains unclear. To address this uncertainty, various animal models have been used to study the cardioprotective effects of exercise and related molecular mechanism such as the mice training models significantly decrease size of myocardial infarct by affecting Kir6.1, VSMC sarc-K channels, and pulmonary eNOS. Although these findings cement the importance of animal models in studying exercise induced cardioprotection, the vast assortment of exercise protocols makes comparison across studies difficult. To address this issue, we review and break down the existent exercise models into categories based on exercise modality, intensity, frequency, and duration. The timing of sample collection is also compared and sorted into four distinct phases: pre-exercise (Phase I), mid-exercise (Phase II), exercise recovery (Phase III), and post-exercise (Phase IV). Finally, because the life-span of animals so are limited, small changes in animal exercise duration can corresponded to untenable amounts of human exercise. To address this limitation, we introduce the Life-Span Relative Exercise Time (RET) as a method of accurately defining short-term, medium-term and long-term exercise relative to the animal's life expectancy. Systematic organization of existent protocols and this new system of defining exercise duration will allow for a more solid framework from which researchers can extrapolate animal model data to clinical application.

A systematic comparison of exercise training protocols on animal models of cardiovascular capacity.

Apicomplexan parasites have challenged researchers for nearly a century. A major challenge to developing efficient treatments and vaccines is the parasite's ability to change its cellular and molecular makeup to develop intracellular and extracellular niches in its hosts. Ca signaling is an important messenger for the egress of the malaria parasite from the infected erythrocyte, gametogenesis, ookinete motility in the mosquito, and sporozoite invasion of mammalian hepatocytes. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have crucial functions in calcium signaling at various stages of the parasite's life cycle; this therefore makes them attractive drug targets against malaria. Here, we summarize the functions of the various CDPK isoforms in relation to the malaria life cycle by emphasizing the molecular mechanism of developmental progression within host tissues. We also discuss the current development of anti-malarial drugs, such as how specific bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs) for parasite CDPKs have been shown to reduce infection in , , and . Our suggested combinations of BKIs, artemisinin derivatives with peroxide bridge, and inhibitors on the Ca(2+)-ATPase PfATP6 as a potential target should be inspected further as a treatment against malaria.

George Ghartey-Kwansah

National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB

Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences

A Protocol for Immunohistochemistry and RNA In-situ Distribution within Early Drosophila Embryo

George Ghartey-Kwansah

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB

Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences

A Protocol for Immunohistochemistry and RNA In-situ Distribution within Early Drosophila Embryo

National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB