Chapter 11
Permeability of Concrete
Permeability of Concrete
Permeability refers to how readily liquids or gases can move through concrete. This characteristic is relevant for ensuring the impermeability of ...
Sulfate Attack on Concrete
Concrete subjected to sulfate attack typically exhibits a distinct whitish appearance, often first noticeable at the edges and corners, with subsequent ...
Effect of Sea Water on Concrete
Seawater-exposed concrete structures experience the dissolution of the needle-shaped crystals of ettringite and gypsum, increasing porosity and reducing ...
Acid Attack on Concrete
Acids interacting with concrete dissolve the hydrated cement paste, leading to a softened and structurally weakened material.
Acidity breaks down the ...
Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete
Aggregates naturally contain siliceous minerals that react with the alkaline hydroxides from cement alkalis.
The alkali-silica gel formed attracts water ...
Corrosion of Reinforcement
Inside a concrete mass, high alkalinity of calcium hydroxide with a pH of around 13 shields steel reinforcement from corrosion by creating a protective ...
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