Chapter 22
Diagrams and Signal Flow Graphs
Elements of Block Diagrams
A block diagram illustrates input-output relationships in a system. An example is a heating system where the desired temperature triggers the furnace to ...
Relation between Mathematical Equations and Block Diagrams
Consider the second-order differential equation of a spring-mass-damper system. The system is transformed into the Laplace domain under zero initial ...
Block Diagram Reduction
The control system's transfer function is derived by reducing its block diagram to one block. Shifting a branch point or a comparator within the ...
Multi-input and Multi-variable systems
Cruise control in cars, a multi-input system, adjusts to the driver's speed preference and compensates for uphill disturbances.
The block diagram for ...
Mason's Rule
Mason's rule simplifies transfer function calculation from signal-flow graphs, assessing various elements.
Loop gain is calculated by tracing a path ...
Signal Flow Graphs
Signal-flow graphs serve as an alternative to block diagrams to represent control systems. They consist of branches, symbolizing systems, and nodes, ...
SFG Algebra
In Signal Flow Graph algebra, the value of a variable a node represents equals the sum of all the signals entering the node. This value is then ...
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