Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.

Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue, improving breathing, and boosting concentration. These positive impacts are crucial for patients, as they help to manage the symptoms of severe PAH and improve overall well-being.

One of the critical functions of oxygen is its role as a selective and potent pulmonary vasodilator. Oxygen therapy is beneficial for PAH patients who are experiencing hypoxemia. It works by reducing the elevated pressure in pulmonary arteries, easing the symptoms, and improving patient health outcomes.

The alveolar endothelium is a crucial therapeutic target in PAH therapy. Oxygen therapy can benefit this part of the lung, further enhancing its effectiveness in treating PAH.

Despite its benefits, current guidelines only advise supplemental oxygen therapy in PAH when severe hypoxemia occurs. However, recent research has indicated the potential benefits of oxygen therapy for all PAH patients, suggesting a need to reevaluate these guidelines.

One of the advantages of oxygen therapy is that it can usually be taken at home. Supplemental oxygen, either in gaseous or liquid form, can be supplied through various devices such as nasal cannulas, face masks, oxygen concentrators, or portable oxygen cylinders. This flexibility allows patients to receive treatment in a comfortable and familiar environment.

Despite its numerous benefits, oxygen therapy is challenging. These include cost considerations, practical issues related to the administration of the treatment, and patient compliance. Healthcare providers must address these challenges to ensure the optimal effectiveness of this therapeutic approach.