Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
Systolic clicks:
Opening snaps:
Heart Murmurs
Heart murmurs result from turbulent blood flow and are classified by timing in the cardiac cycle, intensity, pitch, and quality. Key types include systolic, diastolic, and continuous murmurs.
Systolic Murmurs: Occur between S1 and S2. Examples include:
Diastolic Murmurs: Occur between S2 and S1. Examples include:
Continuous Murmurs: Heard throughout the cardiac cycle and indicate conditions such as:
From Chapter 13:
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