The genital stage is the final phase of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, beginning at puberty, around age 12. During this stage, sexual energy shifts from self-focused interests to external individuals, marking the development of mature adult sexuality. Freud saw this phase as a time of sexual reawakening, with desires directed toward others outside the family. A healthy transition into this stage, according to Freud, signifies the emergence of two key aspects of adult maturity: the capacity for love, and productive work.

Freud believed the resurfacing of unconscious childhood conflicts marks adulthood. Although earlier stages of psychosexual development should resolve many of these issues, the Id, representing instinctual desires, remains active, often causing internal conflict. The ability to manage these impulses and direct them into socially acceptable outlets, such as romantic relationships, is seen as a sign of successful psychological development. For example, if an individual has successfully navigated the earlier stages, they are more likely to experience balanced and mature romantic relationships.

However, unresolved conflicts from earlier stages can cause difficulties during this stage, particularly in forming intimate relationships. For instance, someone fixated at the phallic stage may struggle with feelings of inadequacy or possessiveness in adult relationships. Freud believed these unresolved issues could lead to challenges in forming deep emotional connections, impacting one's ability to establish fulfilling, long-term romantic partnerships. This means that the genital stage is crucial for achieving well-rounded emotional and sexual maturity in adulthood.