Direct Measurement of KDM1A Target Engagement Using Chemoprobe-based Immunoassays

Summary

Here, we present a protocol to measure KDM1A target engagement in a human or animal cell, tissue or blood samples treated with KDM1A inhibitors. The protocol employs chemoprobe tagging of the free KDM1A enzyme and direct quantification of the target occupation using chemoprobe-based immunoassays and can be used in preclinical and clinical studies.

Abstract

The assessment of the target engagement, defined as the interaction of a drug with the protein it was designed for, is a basic requirement for the interpretation of the biological activity of any compound in drug development or in basic research projects. In epigenetics, target engagement is most often assessed by the analysis of proxy markers instead of measuring the union of the compound to the target. Downstream biological readouts that have been analyzed include the histone mark modulation or gene expression changes. KDM1A is a lysine demethylase that removes methyl groups from mono- and dimethylated H3K4, a modification associated with the silencing of gene expression. Modulation of the proxy markers is dependent on the cell type and function of the genetic make-up of the cells investigated, which can make interpretation and cross-case comparison quite difficult. To circumvent these problems, a versatile protocol is presented to assess the dose effects and dynamics of the direct KDM1A target engagement. The assay described makes use of a KDM1A chemoprobe to capture and quantify uninhibited enzyme, can be broadly applied to cells or tissue samples without the need for genetic modification, has an excellent window of detection, and can be used both for basic research and analysis of clinical samples.

Introduction

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (KDM1A)¹ is a demethylase involved in the control of gene transcription. This protein has emerged as a candidate pharmacological target² in oncology; including Acute Myeloid Leukemia³ (AML), Myelodysplasia Syndrome (MDS)⁴, Myelofibrosis (MF)^5,6, Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)⁷; in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)^8,9, and in central nervous system diseases including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Multiple Sclerosis....

Protocol

Blood samples were obtained from the Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau Biobank according to Spanish legislation (Real Decreto de Biobancos 1716/2011) and approval of the local ethics committees. Studies with animal tissues were performed in accordance with the institutional guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals (European Communities Council Directive 86/609/EEC) established by the Ethical Committee for Animal Experimentation at the PRAAL-PCB.

1. Pre.......

Discussion

The protocol presented here was developed to directly measure KDM1A target engagement using a novel KDM1A chemoprobe capture based ELISA. The method has been validated on cultured human cell lines and ex vivo samples from human, rat and mouse and baboon (including PBMCs, lung, brain, skin, tumors), but can be readily applied to other species in which the KDM1A antibody target epitopes and catalytic center are conserved. As OG-881 is an activity based chemoprobe, the sample quality is important and proper manipulation and.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
0,05% Trypsin-EDTA (1X)	Thermo Scientific	#25300-062
10 X Protease Inhibitor Tablets	Roche	#11836153001
96 deep well storage block	VWR	#734-1679
96 well ELISA plates	Nunc	#436110
Adhesive black Film	Perkin Elmer	#6050173
Adhesive transparent Film	VWR	#60941-062
Biotinylated KDM1A probe OG-881	Oryzon Genomics S.A.	NA
Bovine Serum Albumin	Sigma	# 3117057001
Bovine Serum Albumin Standard	Thermo Scientific	#23208)
Bradford Protein Assay	BioRad	#500-0001
Cell lysis buffer 10X	Cell Signaling	#9803
Centrifuge for 96- well plates	Hettich	Rotina 420R
Flask	Thermo Scientific	#156499
Full length, enzymatically active human Recombinant LSD1 / KDM1A	Active Motif	#31426
Graphpad Prism 5 Project	GraphPad Software	NA
Luminol-Enhacer and Peroxide Solution (Chemiluminescent Substrate)	Thermo Scientific	#37074
Micro Centrifuge	Eppendorf	5415 R
Microplate reader Infinite 200-Tecan	Tecan	Infinite 200
Mouse monoclonal capture antibody Anti-KDM1A (N-terminal epitope)	Abcam	#ab53269
Needle G18 gauge blunt	BD	#303129
ORY-1001 (iadademstat)	Oryzon Genomics S.A.	NA
PBMC separation tubes 10 ml	Greiner bio-one	#163288
PBMC separation tubes 50 ml	Greiner bio-one	#227288
PBS 1x	Sigma	#D8537
Plate shaker	Heidolph Instruments	Rotamax 120
Polysorbate 20	Sigma	#P7949
Rabbit monoclonal detection antibody Anti-KDM1A (C-terminal epitope)	Cell Signaling	#672184BF-100
Secondary antibody Peroxidase-conjugated Donkey Anti-rabbit IgG	Thermo Scientific	#31458
Spectrophotometer cuvette 1.5	Deltalab	#302100
Spectrophotometer for cuvette	GE Healthcare	GeneQuant 1300
Streptavidin	Promega	#Z704A
Syringe	BD	#303172
Type 1 ultrapure water	Millipore	Milli-Q Advantage A10
Ultrasonic cleaner	VWR	USC200T