Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Summary

Here, we present a protocol to generate soliton crystals in a butterfly-packaged micro-ring resonator using a thermal tuned method. Further, the repetition rate fluctuations of a soliton crystal with a single vacancy are measured using a delayed self-heterodyne method.

Abstract

Temporal solitons have attracted great interest in the past decades for their behavior in a steady state, where the dispersion is balanced by the nonlinearity in a propagation Kerr medium. The development of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) in high-Q microcavities drives a novel, compact, chip-scale soliton source. When DKSs serve as femtosecond pulses, the repetition rate fluctuation can be applied to ultrahigh precision metrology, high-speed optical sampling, and optical clocks, etc. In this paper, the rapid repetition rate fluctuation of soliton crystals (SCs), a special state of DKSs where particle-like solitons are tightly packed and fully occupy a resonator, is measured based on the well-known delayed self-heterodyne method. The SCs are generated using a thermal-controlled method. The pump is a frequency fixed laser with a linewidth of 100 Hz. The integral time in frequency fluctuation measurements is controlled by the length of the delay fiber. For a SC with a single vacancy, the repetition rate fluctuations are ~53.24 Hz within 10 µs and ~509.32 Hz within 125 µs, respectively.

Introduction

The steady DKSs in microresonators, where the cavity dispersion is balanced by Kerr nonlinearity, as well as the Kerr gain and cavity dissipation¹, have attracted great interest in the scientific research community for their ultra-high repetition rate, compact size, and low cost². In the time domain, DKSs are stable pulse trains that have been used for high-speed ranging measurement³ and molecular spectroscopy⁴. In the frequency domain, DKSs have a series of frequency lines with equal frequency spacing that are suitable for wavelength-division-multiplex (WDM) communications....

Protocol

1. Optical coupling

1. Polish the end-face of the MRR on a grinding plate using 1.5 μm abrasive powders (aluminum oxide) mixed with water for 5 min.
2. Fix the MRR with a chip fixture and place an eight-channel FA on a six-axis coupling stage, which includes three linear stages with a resolution of 50 nm and three angle stages with a resolution of 0.003°. The patches of the MRR and FA are 250 μm.
3. Use a 1,550 nm laser as an optical source for real-time monitoring of the coupling ef.......

Discussion

On-chip DKSs provide novel compact coherent optical sources and exhibit excellent application prospects in optical metrology, molecular spectroscopy, and other functions. For commercial applications, compact packaged micro-comb sources are essential. This protocol provides a practical approach to make a packaged micro-comb that benefits from the reliable, low coupling loss connection between the MRR and FA, as well as a robust thermal-controlled DKS generation method. Therefore, our experiments are no longer coupling sta.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
6-axis coupling stage	Suruga Seiki	KXC620G KGW060	Contains 3 linear motorized translation states and 3 angular motorized rotational stages. Linear state: Minimum stepping: 0.05 μm; Travel: 20mm; Max.speed: 25mm/s; Repeatability: +/-0.3 μm; Rotational stage:Travel: ±8°; Resolution/pulse: 0.003 degree; Repeatability:±0.005°
Abrasive powder	Shenyang Kejing Auto-Instrument Co., LTD	2980002	Silicon carbide, granularity: 1.5 μm
Glue 3410	Electronic Materials Incorporated	Optocast 3410	Optocast 3410 is an ultra violet light and heat curable epoxy suitable for opto-electronic assembly. It cures rapidly when exposed to U.V. light in the 320-380 nm.
High-index doped silica glass	Home-made	-	The MRR is fabricated by a high index doped silica glass platform. The waveguide section is 2×3 μm and radius is 592.1 μm, corresponding to FSR of 49 GHz.
Pump laser	NKT Photonics	E15	It is a continuous wave fiber laser with linewidth of 100 Hz.
Ultrastable Laser	Menlosystems	ORS	State-of-the-art linewidth (<1Hz) and stability (<2 x 10-15 Hz)