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Dipstick urinalysis is a quick and affordable method of assessing one’s personal state of health. We present a method to perform accurate, low-cost dipstick urinalysis that removes the primary sources of error associated with traditional dip-and-wipe protocols and is simple enough to be performed by lay users at home.
Dipstick urinalysis provides quick and affordable estimations of multiple physiological conditions but requires good technique and training to use accurately. Manual performance of dipstick urinalysis relies on good human color vision, proper lighting control, and error-prone, time-sensitive comparisons to chart colors. By automating the key steps in the dipstick urinalysis test, potential sources of error can be eliminated, allowing self-testing at home. We describe the steps necessary to create a customizable device to perform automated urinalysis testing in any environment. The device is cheap to manufacture and simple to assemble. We describe the key steps involved in customizing it for the dipstick of choice and for customizing a mobile phone app to analyze the results. We demonstrate its use to perform urinalysis and discuss the critical measurements and fabrication steps necessary to ensure robust operation. We then compare the proposed method to the dip-and-wipe method, the gold standard technique for dipstick urinalysis.
Urine is a non-invasive source of multiple metabolic indicators of disease or health. Urinalysis, the physical and/or chemical analysis of urine, can be performed quickly to detect renal disease, urinary tract disease, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and general hydration1. Urinalysis dipsticks are affordable, semi-quantitative diagnostic tools that rely on colorimetric changes to indicate approximate physiological levels. Each dipstick can perform a wide variety of assays including testing for pH, osmolality, hemoglobin/myoglobin, hematuria, leukocyte esterase, glucose, proteinuria, nitrite, ketone, and bilirubin2. Th....
1. Fabricate and assemble the urinalysis device
Figure 4 demonstrates how the urine is transferred to the dipstick during a urinalysis test. During a typical test, the transfer of urine is not observable because the box occludes the view. Once the sample is deposited in the inlet using a pipette (Step 3.1), it will fill the holes on the slide (Figure 4A). Figure 4B and Figure 4C, respectively, show the progressive movement of the urine across the pla.......
Traditional dipstick urinalysis is affordable and convenient but requires manual attention to detail to yield accurate results. Manual dipstick urinalysis is subject to variable lighting conditions, individual color perception differences and cross-contamination. Many clinics and hospitals already have instruments to automate urine dipstick analysis, but the instruments are usually bulky, expensive, and still rely on proper performance of the dip-wipe method. Additionally, these instruments require yearly calibration and.......
This work was funded by the Dorothy J. Wingfield Phillips Chancellor Faculty Fellowship. Emily Kight was funded by NSF GRFP.
....Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Black Cast Acrylic Sheet 12" x 24" x 1/8" | McMaster Carr | 8505K742 | $14.27 |
Chart sticker | Stickeryou.com | $12.39 | |
Clear Scratch- and UV-Resistant Cast Acrylic Sheet 12" x 24" x 1/16" | McMaster Carr | 8560K172 | $9.52 |
disposable polyethylene transfer pipet | Fischer Brand | 13-711-9AM | lot# 14311021 |
Fortus ABS-M30 | Stratasys | 345-42207 | lot# : 108078 |
Githut: https://github.com/Iftak/UrineTestApp | |||
Innovating Science - Replacement Fluids for Urinalysis Diagnostic Test Kit (IS3008) | Amazon | $49 | |
Nonwhitening Cement for Acrylic Scigrip 4, 4 oz. Can | MCM | 7517A1 | $9.22 |
Rust-Oleum 274232 Repelling treatment base coat-9 oz and top-coat 9-oz , Frosted Clear | Amazon | Color: Frosted Clear | $6.99 |
Urinalysis Reagent Strips 10 Panel (100 Tests) MISSION BRAND | Medimpex United, Inc | MUI-MS10 | $10.59 |
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