Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
Bioengineering
Vi præsenterer en protokol til direkte visualisering af metaboliske aktiviteter i celler reguleret af aminosyrer ved hjælp af deuteriumoxid (tungt vand D2O) sondet stimuleret Raman-spredning (DO-SRS) mikroskopi, som er integreret med to-foton excitation fluorescens mikroskopi (2PEF).
Essentielle aromatiske aminosyrer (AAA'er) er byggesten til syntetisering af nye biomasser i celler og opretholdelse af normale biologiske funktioner. For eksempel er en rigelig forsyning af AAA'er vigtig for kræftceller for at opretholde deres hurtige vækst og deling. Med dette er der en stigende efterspørgsel efter en meget specifik, ikke-invasiv billeddannelsesmetode med minimal prøveforberedelse til direkte visualisering af, hvordan celler udnytter AAA'er til deres stofskifte in situ. Her udvikler vi en optisk billeddannelsesplatform, der kombinerer deuteriumoxid (D2O) sondering med stimuleret Raman-spredning (DO-SRS) og integrerer DO-SRS med to-foton excitationsfluorescens (2PEF) i et enkelt mikroskop for direkte at visualisere HeLa-cellernes metaboliske aktiviteter under AAA-regulering. Samlet set giver DO-SRS-platformen høj rumlig opløsning og specificitet af nyligt syntetiserede proteiner og lipider i enkelte HeLa-celleenheder. Derudover kan 2PEF-modaliteten detektere autofluorescenssignaler af nicotinamid-adenin-dinukleotid (NADH) og Flavin på en etiketfri måde. Det billeddannelsessystem, der beskrives her, er kompatibelt med både in vitro- og in vivo-modeller , som er fleksibelt til forskellige forsøg. Den generelle arbejdsgang i denne protokol inkluderer cellekultur, tilberedning af kulturmedier, cellesynkronisering, cellefiksering og prøvebilleddannelse med DO-SRS- og 2PEF-modaliteter.
At være essentielle aromatiske aminosyrer (AAA'er), phenylalanin (Phe) og tryptophan (Tryp) kan absorberes af menneskekroppen for at syntetisere nye molekyler til opretholdelse af normale biologiske funktioner1. Phe er nødvendig til syntese af proteiner, melanin og tyrosin, mens Tryp er nødvendig til syntese af melatonin, serotonin og niacin 2,3. Imidlertid kan overskydende forbrug af disse AAA'er opregulere pattedyrets mål for rapamycin (mTOR) -vejen, hæmme AMP-aktiveret proteinkinase og forstyrre mitokondriemetabolismen, kollektivt ændre makromolekylebiosyntese og føre til produktion ....
1. Forberedelse af medier
Tilsætningen af overskydende AAA'er ved 15x koncentrationer til de 50% D2O-holdige cellekulturmedier producerede forskellige C-D Raman-bånd af nyligt syntetiserede lipider og proteiner i HeLa-celler (figur 2B). Tidligere eksperimenter blev udført med forskellige koncentrationsniveauer, såsom 2x og 5x, og selvom dataene ikke præsenteres, producerede 15x-koncentrationen de mest tydelige C-D Raman-bånd af nyligt syntetiserede lipider og proteiner. Specifikt ved at undersøge li.......
DO-SRS og 2PEF billeddannelse er blevet anvendt til at undersøge metabolisk dynamik i forskellige ex vivo modeller, herunder Drosophila og humane væv 21,22,23,24,26,27,33. Den billeddannelsesmodalitet, der anvendes i denne undersøgelse, integrerer DO-SRS og 2PEF-mikroskopi, som k.......
Vi takker Dr. Yajuan Li og Anthony Fung for deres tekniske support og Fraley-laboratoriet for cellelinjen. Vi anerkender opstartsmidlerne fra UCSD, NIH U54CA132378, NIH 5R01NS111039, NIH R21NS125395, NIHU54DK134301, NIHU54 HL165443 og Hellman Fellow Award.
....Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
10 mL Serological Pipettes | Avantor (by VWR) | 75816-100 | https://us.vwr.com/store/product?keyword=75816-100 |
15 mL Conical Centrifuge Tube | VWR | 89039-664 | https://mms.mckesson.com/product/1001859/VWR-International-89039-664 |
16% Formaldehyde, Methanol-free | ThermoFisher Scientific | 28906 | https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/28906 |
24-well plate | Fisherbrand | FB0112929 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/24-well-tc-multidish-100-cs/FB012929#?keyword=FB012929 |
25 mm Syringe Filter, 2 μm PES | Foxx Life Sciences | 381-2216-OEM | https://www.foxxlifesciences.com/collections/pes-syringe-filters/products/381-2216-oem?variant=16274336003 |
460 nm Filter Cube | Olympus | OCT-ET460/50M32 | |
AC Adapters of the Power Supply for LD OBIS 6 Laser Remote | Olympus | Supply power to the laser | |
Band-pass Filter | KR Electronics | KR2724 | 8 MHz |
BNC 50 Ohm Terminator | Mini Circuits | STRM-50 | |
BNC Cable | Thorlabs | 2249-C | Coaxial Cable, BNC Male/Male |
Broadband Dielectric Mirror | Thorlabs | BB1-E03 | 750 - 1100 nm |
Centrifuge | |||
Condenser | Olympus | ||
Cover Glass | Corning | 2850-25 | https://ecatalog.corning.com/life-sciences/b2b/NL/en/Glassware/Cover-Glass/Corning%C2%AE-Square-%231%C2%BD-Cover-Glass/p/2850-25 |
DC power supply | TopWard | 6302D | |
Dichroic Mount | Thorlabs | KM100CL | |
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Cell Culture Reagent | mpbio | 196055 | https://www.mpbio.com/0219605525-dimethyl-sulfoxide-cf |
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle’s Medium without Methionine, Threonine, and Sodium Pyruvate | MilliporeSigma | 38210000 | https://www.usbio.net/media/D9800-22/dulbeccorsquos-mem-dmem-wsodium-bicarbonate-wo-methionine-threonine-sodium-pyruvate-powder With Sodium Bicarbonate and without Methionine, Threonine, and Sodium Pyruvate |
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium | Corning | MT10027CV | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/dmem-dulbecco-s-modified-eagle-s-medium-4/MT10027CV#:~:text=Dulbecco's%20Modified%20Eagle's%20Medium%20 |
FIJI ImageJ | ImageJ | Version 1.53t 24 August 2022 | https://imagej.net/software/fiji/downloads |
Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide) | Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. | 7732-18-5 | https://shop.isotope.com/productdetails.aspx?itemno=DLM-4-1L |
Hela Cells | ATCC | CCL-2 | https://www.atcc.org/products/ccl-2 |
Hemocymeter | MilliporeSigma | Z359629-1EA | https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/z359629?gclid=Cj0KCQiA37KbBhDgARIsAI zce15A5FIy0WS7I6ec2KVk QPXVMEqlAnYis_bKB6P6lr SIZ-wAXOyAELIaAhhEEAL w_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds |
High O.D. Bandpass Filter | Chroma Technology | ET890/220m | Filter the Stokes beam and transmit the pump beam |
HyClone Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) | Cytiva | SH300880340 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/hyclone-fetal-bovine-serum-u-s-standard-4/SH300880340 |
HyClone Trypsin 0.25% (1x) Solution | Cytiva | SH30042.02 | https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/en/us/shop/cell-culture-and-fermentation/reagents-and-supplements/cell-disassociation-reagents/hyclone-trypsin-protease-p-00445 |
Integrated SRS Laser System | Applied Physics & Electronics, Inc. | picoEMERALD | picoEMERALD provides an output pulse at 1031 nm with 6-ps pulse width and 80-MHz repetition rate, which serves as the Stokes beam. The frequency doubled beam at 532 nm is used to synchronously seed a picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to produce a mode-locked pulse train with five~6 ps pulse width (the idler beam of the OPO is blocked with an,interferometric filter). The output wavelength of the OPO is tunable from 720–950 nm, which serves as the pump beam. The intensity of the 1031 nm Stokes beam is modulated sinusoidally by a built-in EOM at 8 MHz with a modulation depth of more than 90%. The pump beam is spatially overlapped with the Stokes beam by using a dichroic mirror inside picoEMERALD. The temporal overlap between pump and Stokes pulses are achieved with a built-in delay stage and optimized by the SRS signal of pure D2O at the microscope. |
Inverted Laser-scanning Microscope | Olympus | FV1200MPE | |
IX3-CBH Control box | Olympus | Control the laser-scanning microscope | |
Kinematic Mirror Mount | Thorlabs | POLARIS-K1-2AH | 2 Low-Profile Hex Adjusters |
L-Phenalynine | Sigma | P5482-25G | https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/p5482 |
L-Tryptophan | Sigma | T8941-25G | https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/t8941 |
LabSpec 6 | Horiba XploRA | N/A | https://www.horiba.com/gbr/scientific/products/detail/action/show/Product/labspec-6-spectroscopy-suite-software-1843/ |
Lock-In Amplifier | Zurich Instruments | N/A | https://www.zhinst.com/americas/en/products/shfli-lock-in-amplifier |
Long-pass Dichroic Beam Splitter | Semrock | Di02-R980-25x36 | 980 nm laser BrightLine single-edge laser-flat dichroic beamsplitter |
MATLAB | MathWorks | Version: R2022b | https://www.mathworks.com/products/new_products/latest_features.html |
Microscope Slides | Fisherbrand | 12-550-003 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisherbrand-selectfrost-microscope-slides-9/12550003#?keyword=12-550-003 |
Microscopy Imaging Software | Olympus | FluoView | |
MPLN 100x, Olympus | Olympus | MPLAPON | https://www.olympus-ims.com/en/microscope/mplapon/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent11364 |
MPLN 50x, Olympus | Olympus | MPLAPON | https://www.olympus-ims.com/en/microscope/mplapon/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent11363 |
NA Oil Condenser | Olympus | 6-U130 | https://www.hitechinstruments.com/Product-Details/olympus-achromatic-aplanatic-high-na-condneser |
Nail Polish | Wet n Wild | B01EO2G5O4 | https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01EO2G5O4/ref=cm_sw_r_api_i_E609VVDWW HHQP38FXXDC_0 |
Origin | OriginLab | Origin 2022b (9.95) | https://www.originlab.com/index.aspx?go=PRODUCTS/Origin |
Parafilm | Fisher Scientific | S37440 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/parafilm-m-wrapping-film-3/p-2379782 |
PBS 1x (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline) | Thermofischer - Gibco | 14040117 | https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/14040117?SID=srch-hj-14040117 |
Penicillin/Streptomycin | Thermofischer - Gibco | 15140122 | https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/15140122 |
Periscope Assembly | Thorlabs | RS99 | Includes the top and bottom units, Ø1" post, and clamping fork. |
picoEmerald System | A.P.E | N/A | https://www.ape-berlin.de/en/cars-srs/ |
Shielded Box with BNC Connectors | Pomona Electronics | 2902 | Aluminum Box with Cover, BNC Female/Female |
Si Photodiode Detector | Home Built | N/A | DYI series |
Silicon Wafer | |||
Spacers | Grace Bio-Labs | 654008 | https://gracebio.com/product/secureseal-imaging-spacers-654008/ |
Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy | Horiba XploRA | N/A | https://www.horiba.com/int/products/detail/action/show/Product/xploratm-plus-1528/ |
Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy | Home Built | N/A | |
Touch Panel Controller | Olympus | Control the X-Y direction of the laser-scanning microscope | |
Trypan Blue 0.4% (0.85% NaCl) | Lonza | 17-942E | https://bioscience.lonza.com/lonza_bs/US/en/Culture-Media-and-Reagents/p/000000000000181876/Trypan-Blue%2C-0-4%25-Solution" |
Tweezers | Kaverme - Amazon | B07RNVXXV1 | https://www.amazon.com/Precision-Anti-Static-Electronics-Laboratory-Jewelry-Making/dp/B07RNVXXV1" |
Two Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy | Home Built | N/A | |
Weighing Paper | VWR | 12578-165 | https://us.vwr.com/store/product/4597617/vwr-weighing-paper |
Zurich LabOneQ Software | Zurich Instruments | Control the Zurich lock-in amplifier |
ABOUT JoVE
Copyright © 2024 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved