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Bioengineering

芳香族アミノ酸によって制御される細胞代謝のバイオ直交化学イメージング

Published: May 12th, 2023

DOI:

10.3791/65121

1Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego
* These authors contributed equally

2光子励起蛍光顕微鏡(2PEF)と統合された酸化重水素(重水D2O)プローブ誘導ラマン散乱(DO-SRS)顕微鏡を使用して、アミノ酸によって制御される細胞の代謝活動を直接視覚化するプロトコルを提示します。

必須芳香族アミノ酸(AAA)は、細胞内で新しいバイオマスを合成し、正常な生物学的機能を維持するための構成要素です。例えば、AAAの豊富な供給は、癌細胞が急速な成長と分裂を維持するために重要です。これに伴い、細胞がその 場での代謝のためにAAAをどのように利用しているかを直接視覚化するために、最小限のサンプル調製で高度に特異的で非侵襲的なイメージングアプローチに対する需要が高まっています。ここでは、酸化重水素(D2O)プロービングと誘導ラマン散乱(DO-SRS)を組み合わせた光学イメージングプラットフォームを開発し、DO-SRSと2光子励起蛍光(2PEF)を1つの顕微鏡に統合して、AAA制御下でのHeLa細胞の代謝活動を直接可視化します。DO-SRSプラットフォームは、単一のHeLa細胞ユニットで新たに合成されたタンパク質と脂質の高い空間分解能と特異性を提供します。さらに、2PEFモダリティは、ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド(NADH)およびフラビンの自己蛍光シグナルをラベルフリーで検出できます。ここで説明するイメージングシステムは、in vitro モデルと in vivo モデルの両方に対応しており、さまざまな実験に柔軟に対応します。このプロトコルの一般的なワークフローには、細胞培養、培地調製、細胞同期、細胞固定、およびDO-SRSおよび2PEFモダリティによるサンプルイメージングが含まれます。

必須の芳香族アミノ酸(AAA)であるフェニルアラニン(Phe)とトリプトファン(Tryp)は、人体に吸収されて、正常な生物学的機能を維持するための新しい分子を合成することができます1。Pheはタンパク質、メラニン、チロシンの合成に必要であり、Trypはメラトニン、セロトニン、ナイアシンの合成に必要です2,3。しかし、これらのAAAの過剰摂取は、ラパマイシン(mTOR)経路の哺乳類標的をアップレギュレートし、AMP活性化プロテインキナーゼを阻害し、ミトコンドリア代謝を妨害し、高分子生合成を集合的に変化させ、健康な細胞における活性酸素種(ROS)などの悪性前駆体の産生につながる可能性があります4,5,6.過剰なAAA調節下での変化した代謝動態の直接的な可視化は、がんの発生と健康な細胞の成長を促進するAAAの役割を理解するために不可欠です7,8,9

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1. 培地調製

  1. 50%D2Oを含むダルベッコ改変イーグル培地(DMEM)に10mLのコントロールおよび過剰のAAAを調製する。
    1. コントロール培地については、15 mLのコニカルチューブで10 mgのDMEM粉末を4.7 mLの二重蒸留水(ddH2O)と測定して混合します。DMEM粉末には、標準濃度のすべてのアミノ酸が含まれています。チューブを完全にボルテックスして反転させ、溶液がよく?.......

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50%D2O含有細胞培養培地に15倍の濃度で過剰のAAAを添加すると、HeLa細胞において新たに合成された脂質およびタンパク質の明確なC-Dラマンバンドが生じた(図2B)。以前の実験は、2倍や5倍などの異なる濃度レベルで行われ、データは提示されていませんが、15倍の濃度は、新しく合成された脂質とタンパク質の最も明確なC-Dラマンバンドを生成しました。具体的には.......

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DO-SRSおよび2PEFイメージングは、ショウジョウバエおよびヒト組織を含む様々なex vivoモデルにおける代謝動態を調べるために適用されている21,22,23,24,26,27,33。この研究で使用されたイメージングモダリティは、DO-.......

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技術サポートを提供してくださったYajuan Li博士とAnthony Fung博士、そして細胞株を提供してくれたFraleyラボに感謝します。UCSD、NIH U54CA132378、NIH 5R01NS111039、NIH R21NS125395、NIHU54DK134301、NIHU54 HL165443、ヘルマンフェロー賞からのスタートアップ資金に感謝します。

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
10 mL Serological Pipettes Avantor (by VWR)75816-100https://us.vwr.com/store/product?keyword=75816-100
15 mL Conical Centrifuge TubeVWR89039-664https://mms.mckesson.com/product/1001859/VWR-International-89039-664
16% Formaldehyde, Methanol-freeThermoFisher Scientific28906https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/28906
24-well plateFisherbrandFB0112929https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/24-well-tc-multidish-100-cs/FB012929#?keyword=FB012929
25 mm Syringe Filter, 2 μm PESFoxx Life Sciences381-2216-OEMhttps://www.foxxlifesciences.com/collections/pes-syringe-filters/products/381-2216-oem?variant=16274336003
460 nm Filter CubeOlympusOCT-ET460/50M32
AC Adapters of the Power Supply for LD OBIS 6 Laser RemoteOlympusSupply power to the laser
Band-pass FilterKR ElectronicsKR27248 MHz
BNC 50 Ohm Terminator Mini CircuitsSTRM-50
BNC CableThorlabs2249-CCoaxial Cable, BNC Male/Male
Broadband Dielectric MirrorThorlabsBB1-E03750 - 1100 nm
Centrifuge
CondenserOlympus
Cover GlassCorning2850-25https://ecatalog.corning.com/life-sciences/b2b/NL/en/Glassware/Cover-Glass/Corning%C2%AE-Square-%231%C2%BD-Cover-Glass/p/2850-25
DC power supplyTopWard6302D
Dichroic MountThorlabsKM100CL
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Cell Culture Reagentmpbio 196055https://www.mpbio.com/0219605525-dimethyl-sulfoxide-cf
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle’s Medium without Methionine, Threonine, and Sodium PyruvateMilliporeSigma38210000https://www.usbio.net/media/D9800-22/dulbeccorsquos-mem-dmem-wsodium-bicarbonate-wo-methionine-threonine-sodium-pyruvate-powder
With Sodium Bicarbonate and without Methionine, Threonine, and Sodium Pyruvate 
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s MediumCorningMT10027CVhttps://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/dmem-dulbecco-s-modified-eagle-s-medium-4/MT10027CV#:~:text=Dulbecco's%20Modified%20Eagle's%20Medium%20
FIJI ImageJImageJVersion 1.53t 24 August 2022https://imagej.net/software/fiji/downloads
Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide)Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.7732-18-5https://shop.isotope.com/productdetails.aspx?itemno=DLM-4-1L
Hela CellsATCCCCL-2https://www.atcc.org/products/ccl-2
HemocymeterMilliporeSigmaZ359629-1EAhttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/z359629?gclid=Cj0KCQiA37KbBhDgARIsAI
zce15A5FIy0WS7I6ec2KVk
QPXVMEqlAnYis_bKB6P6lr
SIZ-wAXOyAELIaAhhEEAL
w_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds
High O.D. Bandpass FilterChroma TechnologyET890/220mFilter the Stokes beam and transmit the pump beam
HyClone Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)Cytiva SH300880340https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/hyclone-fetal-bovine-serum-u-s-standard-4/SH300880340
HyClone Trypsin 0.25% (1x) SolutionCytivaSH30042.02https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/en/us/shop/cell-culture-and-fermentation/reagents-and-supplements/cell-disassociation-reagents/hyclone-trypsin-protease-p-00445
Integrated SRS Laser SystemApplied Physics & Electronics, Inc.picoEMERALDpicoEMERALD provides an output pulse at 1031 nm with 6-ps pulse width and 80-MHz repetition rate, which serves as the Stokes beam.  The frequency doubled beam at 532 nm is used to synchronously seed a picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to produce a mode-locked pulse train with five~6 ps pulse width (the idler beam of the OPO is blocked with an,interferometric filter). The output wavelength of the OPO is tunable from 720–950 nm, which serves as the pump beam. The intensity of the 1031 nm Stokes beam is modulated sinusoidally by a built-in EOM at 8 MHz with a modulation depth of more than 90%. The pump beam is spatially overlapped with the Stokes beam by using a dichroic mirror inside picoEMERALD. The temporal overlap between pump and Stokes pulses are achieved with a built-in delay stage and optimized by the SRS signal of pure D2O at the microscope.
Inverted Laser-scanning MicroscopeOlympusFV1200MPE
IX3-CBH Control boxOlympusControl the laser-scanning microscope
Kinematic Mirror MountThorlabsPOLARIS-K1-2AH2 Low-Profile Hex Adjusters
L-PhenalynineSigmaP5482-25Ghttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/p5482
L-TryptophanSigmaT8941-25Ghttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/t8941
LabSpec 6Horiba XploRAN/Ahttps://www.horiba.com/gbr/scientific/products/detail/action/show/Product/labspec-6-spectroscopy-suite-software-1843/
Lock-In AmplifierZurich InstrumentsN/Ahttps://www.zhinst.com/americas/en/products/shfli-lock-in-amplifier
Long-pass Dichroic Beam SplitterSemrockDi02-R980-25x36980 nm laser BrightLine single-edge laser-flat dichroic beamsplitter
MATLABMathWorksVersion: R2022bhttps://www.mathworks.com/products/new_products/latest_features.html
Microscope SlidesFisherbrand12-550-003https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisherbrand-selectfrost-microscope-slides-9/12550003#?keyword=12-550-003
Microscopy Imaging SoftwareOlympusFluoView
MPLN 100x, OlympusOlympusMPLAPONhttps://www.olympus-ims.com/en/microscope/mplapon/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent11364
MPLN 50x, OlympusOlympusMPLAPON https://www.olympus-ims.com/en/microscope/mplapon/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent11363
NA Oil CondenserOlympus 6-U130https://www.hitechinstruments.com/Product-Details/olympus-achromatic-aplanatic-high-na-condneser
Nail PolishWet n WildB01EO2G5O4https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01EO2G5O4/ref=cm_sw_r_api_i_E609VVDWW
HHQP38FXXDC_0
OriginOriginLabOrigin 2022b (9.95)https://www.originlab.com/index.aspx?go=PRODUCTS/Origin
ParafilmFisher ScientificS37440https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/parafilm-m-wrapping-film-3/p-2379782
PBS 1x (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline)Thermofischer - Gibco14040117https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/14040117?SID=srch-hj-14040117
Penicillin/StreptomycinThermofischer - Gibco15140122https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/15140122
Periscope AssemblyThorlabsRS99Includes the top and bottom units, Ø1" post, and clamping fork.
picoEmerald SystemA.P.EN/Ahttps://www.ape-berlin.de/en/cars-srs/
Shielded Box with BNC ConnectorsPomona Electronics2902Aluminum Box with Cover, BNC Female/Female
Si Photodiode DetectorHome BuiltN/ADYI series
Silicon Wafer
SpacersGrace Bio-Labs654008https://gracebio.com/product/secureseal-imaging-spacers-654008/
Spontaneous Raman spectroscopyHoriba XploRAN/Ahttps://www.horiba.com/int/products/detail/action/show/Product/xploratm-plus-1528/
Stimulated Raman Scattering MicroscopyHome BuiltN/A
Touch  Panel ControllerOlympusControl the X-Y direction of the laser-scanning microscope
Trypan Blue 0.4% (0.85% NaCl) Lonza17-942Ehttps://bioscience.lonza.com/lonza_bs/US/en/Culture-Media-and-Reagents/p/000000000000181876/Trypan-Blue%2C-0-4%25-Solution"
TweezersKaverme - AmazonB07RNVXXV1https://www.amazon.com/Precision-Anti-Static-Electronics-Laboratory-Jewelry-Making/dp/B07RNVXXV1"
Two Photon Excitation Fluorescence MicroscopyHome BuiltN/A
Weighing Paper VWR12578-165https://us.vwr.com/store/product/4597617/vwr-weighing-paper
Zurich LabOneQ SoftwareZurich InstrumentsControl the Zurich lock-in amplifier

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