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Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Bioengineering

방향족 아미노산에 의해 조절되는 세포 대사의 생체 직교 화학 이미징

Published: May 12th, 2023

DOI:

10.3791/65121

1Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego
* These authors contributed equally

우리는 이광자 여기 형광 현미경(2PEF)과 통합된 산화중수소(중수D2O) 탐침 자극 라만 산란(DO-SRS) 현미경을 사용하여 아미노산에 의해 조절되는 세포에서 대사 활동을 직접 시각화하는 프로토콜을 제시합니다.

필수 방향족 아미노산(AAA)은 세포에서 새로운 바이오매스를 합성하고 정상적인 생물학적 기능을 유지하기 위한 빌딩 블록입니다. 예를 들어, AAA의 풍부한 공급은 암세포가 빠른 성장과 분열을 유지하는 데 중요합니다. 이를 통해 세포가 현장에서 대사를 위해 AAA를 활용하는 방법을 직접 시각화하기 위해 최소한의 샘플 준비로 매우 특이적이고 비침습적인 이미징 접근 방식에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있습니다. 여기에서 우리는 산화중수소(D2O) 프로빙과 유도 라만 산란(DO-SRS)을 결합하고 DO-SRS와 이광자 여기 형광(2PEF)을 단일 현미경에 통합하여 AAA 조절 하에 HeLa 세포의 대사 활동을 직접 시각화하는 광학 이미징 플랫폼을 개발합니다. 종합적으로, DO-SRS 플랫폼은 단일 HeLa 세포 단위에서 새로 합성된 단백질과 지질의 높은 공간 분해능과 특이성을 제공합니다. 또한, 2PEF 양식은 니코틴아미드 아데닌 디뉴클레오티드(NADH) 및 플라빈의 자가형광 신호를 무표지 방식으로 검출할 수 있습니다. 여기에 설명된 이미징 시스템은 시험관 내 및 생체 내 모델 모두와 호환되며, 이는 다양한 실험에 유연합니다. 이 프로토콜의 일반적인 워크플로에는 세포 배양, 배양 배지 준비, 세포 동기화, 세포 고정, DO-SRS 및 2PEF 양식을 사용한 샘플 이미징이 포함됩니다.

필수 방향족 아미노산인 페닐알라닌(Phe)과 트립토판(Tryp)은 인체에 흡수되어 정상적인 생물학적 기능을 유지하기 위한 새로운 분자를 합성할 수 있습니다1. Phe는 단백질, 멜라닌 및 티로신의 합성에 필요하고 Tryp은 멜라토닌, 세로토닌 및 니아신 2,3의 합성에 필요합니다. 그러나 이러한 AAA의 과도한 섭취는 포유류의 라파마이신(mTOR) 경로 표적을 상향 조절하고, AMP 활성화 단백질 키나아제를 억제하며, 미토콘드리아 대사를 방해하여 거대분자 생합성을 집합적으로 변화시키고 건강한 세포에서 활성 산소종(ROS)과 같은 악성 전구체의 생성을 유도할 수 있습니다 4,5,6. 과도한 AAA 조절 하에서 변화된 대사 역학의 직접적인 시각화는 암 발병과 건강한 세포의 성장을 촉진하는 AAA의 역할을 이해하는 데 필수적입니다 7,8,9.

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1. 매체 준비

  1. 50%D2O를 함유하는 Dulbecco's modified Eagle 배지(DMEM)에서 10mL의 대조군 및 과잉 AAA를 준비합니다.
    1. 대조군 배지의 경우, 15 mL 코니컬 튜브에서 10 mg의 DMEM 분말과 4.7 mL의 이중 증류수(ddH2O)를 측정하고 혼합한다. DMEM 분말은 표준 농도의 모든 아미노산을 함유하고 있습니다. 용액이 잘 섞이도록 튜브를 완전히 소용돌이 치고 뒤집습니다. 4.7mL의 D2O

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50%D2O-함유 세포 배양 배지에 15x 농도의 과량의 AAA를 첨가하면 HeLa 세포에서 새로 합성된 지질 및 단백질의 뚜렷한 C-D 라만 밴드가 생성되었습니다(그림 2B). 이전 실험은 2x 및 5x와 같은 다양한 농도 수준으로 수행되었으며 데이터가 제시되지는 않았지만 15x 농도는 새로 합성된 지질 및 단백질의 가장 뚜렷한 C-D 라만 밴드를 생성했습니다. 구체적으로, 지질 방울(LD)을 .......

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DO-SRS 및 2PEF 이미징은 초파리 및 인간 조직 21,22,23,24,26,27,33을 포함한 다양한 생체 외 모델에서 대사 역학을 조사하기 위해 적용되었습니다. 이 연구에 사용된 이미징 양식은 DO-SRS 및 2PEF 현미경을 통합하여 분자 추?.......

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기술 지원을 해주신 Yajuan Li 박사와 Anthony Fung, 세포주에 대해 Fraley 연구실에 감사드립니다. 우리는 UCSD, NIH U54CA132378, NIH 5R01NS111039, NIH R21NS125395, NIHU54DK134301, NIHU54 HL165443 및 Hellman Fellow Award의 창업 자금을 인정합니다.

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
10 mL Serological Pipettes Avantor (by VWR)75816-100https://us.vwr.com/store/product?keyword=75816-100
15 mL Conical Centrifuge TubeVWR89039-664https://mms.mckesson.com/product/1001859/VWR-International-89039-664
16% Formaldehyde, Methanol-freeThermoFisher Scientific28906https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/28906
24-well plateFisherbrandFB0112929https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/24-well-tc-multidish-100-cs/FB012929#?keyword=FB012929
25 mm Syringe Filter, 2 μm PESFoxx Life Sciences381-2216-OEMhttps://www.foxxlifesciences.com/collections/pes-syringe-filters/products/381-2216-oem?variant=16274336003
460 nm Filter CubeOlympusOCT-ET460/50M32
AC Adapters of the Power Supply for LD OBIS 6 Laser RemoteOlympusSupply power to the laser
Band-pass FilterKR ElectronicsKR27248 MHz
BNC 50 Ohm Terminator Mini CircuitsSTRM-50
BNC CableThorlabs2249-CCoaxial Cable, BNC Male/Male
Broadband Dielectric MirrorThorlabsBB1-E03750 - 1100 nm
Centrifuge
CondenserOlympus
Cover GlassCorning2850-25https://ecatalog.corning.com/life-sciences/b2b/NL/en/Glassware/Cover-Glass/Corning%C2%AE-Square-%231%C2%BD-Cover-Glass/p/2850-25
DC power supplyTopWard6302D
Dichroic MountThorlabsKM100CL
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Cell Culture Reagentmpbio 196055https://www.mpbio.com/0219605525-dimethyl-sulfoxide-cf
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle’s Medium without Methionine, Threonine, and Sodium PyruvateMilliporeSigma38210000https://www.usbio.net/media/D9800-22/dulbeccorsquos-mem-dmem-wsodium-bicarbonate-wo-methionine-threonine-sodium-pyruvate-powder
With Sodium Bicarbonate and without Methionine, Threonine, and Sodium Pyruvate 
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s MediumCorningMT10027CVhttps://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/dmem-dulbecco-s-modified-eagle-s-medium-4/MT10027CV#:~:text=Dulbecco's%20Modified%20Eagle's%20Medium%20
FIJI ImageJImageJVersion 1.53t 24 August 2022https://imagej.net/software/fiji/downloads
Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide)Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.7732-18-5https://shop.isotope.com/productdetails.aspx?itemno=DLM-4-1L
Hela CellsATCCCCL-2https://www.atcc.org/products/ccl-2
HemocymeterMilliporeSigmaZ359629-1EAhttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/z359629?gclid=Cj0KCQiA37KbBhDgARIsAI
zce15A5FIy0WS7I6ec2KVk
QPXVMEqlAnYis_bKB6P6lr
SIZ-wAXOyAELIaAhhEEAL
w_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds
High O.D. Bandpass FilterChroma TechnologyET890/220mFilter the Stokes beam and transmit the pump beam
HyClone Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)Cytiva SH300880340https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/hyclone-fetal-bovine-serum-u-s-standard-4/SH300880340
HyClone Trypsin 0.25% (1x) SolutionCytivaSH30042.02https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/en/us/shop/cell-culture-and-fermentation/reagents-and-supplements/cell-disassociation-reagents/hyclone-trypsin-protease-p-00445
Integrated SRS Laser SystemApplied Physics & Electronics, Inc.picoEMERALDpicoEMERALD provides an output pulse at 1031 nm with 6-ps pulse width and 80-MHz repetition rate, which serves as the Stokes beam.  The frequency doubled beam at 532 nm is used to synchronously seed a picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to produce a mode-locked pulse train with five~6 ps pulse width (the idler beam of the OPO is blocked with an,interferometric filter). The output wavelength of the OPO is tunable from 720–950 nm, which serves as the pump beam. The intensity of the 1031 nm Stokes beam is modulated sinusoidally by a built-in EOM at 8 MHz with a modulation depth of more than 90%. The pump beam is spatially overlapped with the Stokes beam by using a dichroic mirror inside picoEMERALD. The temporal overlap between pump and Stokes pulses are achieved with a built-in delay stage and optimized by the SRS signal of pure D2O at the microscope.
Inverted Laser-scanning MicroscopeOlympusFV1200MPE
IX3-CBH Control boxOlympusControl the laser-scanning microscope
Kinematic Mirror MountThorlabsPOLARIS-K1-2AH2 Low-Profile Hex Adjusters
L-PhenalynineSigmaP5482-25Ghttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/p5482
L-TryptophanSigmaT8941-25Ghttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/t8941
LabSpec 6Horiba XploRAN/Ahttps://www.horiba.com/gbr/scientific/products/detail/action/show/Product/labspec-6-spectroscopy-suite-software-1843/
Lock-In AmplifierZurich InstrumentsN/Ahttps://www.zhinst.com/americas/en/products/shfli-lock-in-amplifier
Long-pass Dichroic Beam SplitterSemrockDi02-R980-25x36980 nm laser BrightLine single-edge laser-flat dichroic beamsplitter
MATLABMathWorksVersion: R2022bhttps://www.mathworks.com/products/new_products/latest_features.html
Microscope SlidesFisherbrand12-550-003https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisherbrand-selectfrost-microscope-slides-9/12550003#?keyword=12-550-003
Microscopy Imaging SoftwareOlympusFluoView
MPLN 100x, OlympusOlympusMPLAPONhttps://www.olympus-ims.com/en/microscope/mplapon/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent11364
MPLN 50x, OlympusOlympusMPLAPON https://www.olympus-ims.com/en/microscope/mplapon/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent11363
NA Oil CondenserOlympus 6-U130https://www.hitechinstruments.com/Product-Details/olympus-achromatic-aplanatic-high-na-condneser
Nail PolishWet n WildB01EO2G5O4https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01EO2G5O4/ref=cm_sw_r_api_i_E609VVDWW
HHQP38FXXDC_0
OriginOriginLabOrigin 2022b (9.95)https://www.originlab.com/index.aspx?go=PRODUCTS/Origin
ParafilmFisher ScientificS37440https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/parafilm-m-wrapping-film-3/p-2379782
PBS 1x (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline)Thermofischer - Gibco14040117https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/14040117?SID=srch-hj-14040117
Penicillin/StreptomycinThermofischer - Gibco15140122https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/15140122
Periscope AssemblyThorlabsRS99Includes the top and bottom units, Ø1" post, and clamping fork.
picoEmerald SystemA.P.EN/Ahttps://www.ape-berlin.de/en/cars-srs/
Shielded Box with BNC ConnectorsPomona Electronics2902Aluminum Box with Cover, BNC Female/Female
Si Photodiode DetectorHome BuiltN/ADYI series
Silicon Wafer
SpacersGrace Bio-Labs654008https://gracebio.com/product/secureseal-imaging-spacers-654008/
Spontaneous Raman spectroscopyHoriba XploRAN/Ahttps://www.horiba.com/int/products/detail/action/show/Product/xploratm-plus-1528/
Stimulated Raman Scattering MicroscopyHome BuiltN/A
Touch  Panel ControllerOlympusControl the X-Y direction of the laser-scanning microscope
Trypan Blue 0.4% (0.85% NaCl) Lonza17-942Ehttps://bioscience.lonza.com/lonza_bs/US/en/Culture-Media-and-Reagents/p/000000000000181876/Trypan-Blue%2C-0-4%25-Solution"
TweezersKaverme - AmazonB07RNVXXV1https://www.amazon.com/Precision-Anti-Static-Electronics-Laboratory-Jewelry-Making/dp/B07RNVXXV1"
Two Photon Excitation Fluorescence MicroscopyHome BuiltN/A
Weighing Paper VWR12578-165https://us.vwr.com/store/product/4597617/vwr-weighing-paper
Zurich LabOneQ SoftwareZurich InstrumentsControl the Zurich lock-in amplifier

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