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Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Bioengineering

Imagem Química Bioortogonal do Metabolismo Celular Regulado por Aminoácidos Aromáticos

Published: May 12th, 2023

DOI:

10.3791/65121

1Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego
* These authors contributed equally

Apresentamos um protocolo para visualizar diretamente as atividades metabólicas em células reguladas por aminoácidos usando microscopia Raman estimulada de espalhamento Raman estimulado com óxido de deutério (água pesada D2O) (DO-SRS), que é integrada à microscopia de fluorescência por excitação de dois fótons (2PEF).

Aminoácidos aromáticos essenciais (AAAs) são blocos de construção para sintetizar novas biomassas em células e sustentar funções biológicas normais. Por exemplo, um suprimento abundante de AAAs é importante para que as células cancerosas mantenham seu rápido crescimento e divisão. Com isso, há uma demanda crescente por uma abordagem de imagem altamente específica, não invasiva, com preparação mínima da amostra para visualizar diretamente como as células aproveitam os AAAs para seu metabolismo in situ. Aqui, desenvolvemos uma plataforma de imagem óptica que combina sondagem de óxido de deutério (D2O) com espalhamento Raman estimulado (DO-SRS) e integra DO-SRS com fluorescência de excitação de dois fótons (2PEF) em um único microscópio para visualizar diretamente as atividades metabólicas das células HeLa sob regulação AAA. Coletivamente, a plataforma DO-SRS fornece alta resolução espacial e especificidade de proteínas e lipídios recém-sintetizados em unidades únicas de células HeLa. Além disso, a modalidade 2PEF pode detectar sinais de autofluorescência de nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo (NADH) e Flavina de forma livre de marcação. O sistema de imagem aqui descrito é compatível com modelos in vitro e in vivo , o que é flexível para vários experimentos. O fluxo de trabalho geral deste protocolo inclui cultura celular, preparação de meios de cultura, sincronização celular, fixação celular e imagem de amostra com as modalidades DO-SRS e 2PEF.

Sendo aminoácidos aromáticos essenciais (AAAs), fenilalanina (Phe) e triptofano (Tryp) podem ser absorvidos pelo organismo humano para sintetizar novas moléculas para sustentar funções biológicas normais1. Phe é necessário para a síntese de proteínas, melanina e tirosina, enquanto Tryp é necessário para a síntese de melatonina, serotonina, e niacina 2,3. No entanto, o consumo excessivo desses AAAs pode regular o alvo mamífero da via da rapamicina (mTOR), inibir a proteína quinase ativada por AMP e interferir no metabolismo mitocondrial, alterando coletivamente a biossíntese de macromolé....

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1. Preparação da mídia

  1. Preparar 10 mL de AAAs controle e excesso em meio Eagle modificado (DMEM) de Dulbecco contendo 50% D2O.
    1. Para o meio controle, medir e misturar 10 mg de pó de DMEM com 4,7 mL de água bidestilada (ddH2O) em um tubo cônico de 15 mL. O pó de DMEM contém todos os aminoácidos em concentrações padrão. Vórtice completamente e inverta o tubo para garantir que a solução esteja bem misturada. Adicionar 4,7 mL de D2O, 0,5 mL de s.......

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A adição do excesso de AAAs em concentrações de 15x aos meios de cultura celular contendo 50% D2O produziu bandas Raman C-D distintas de lipídios e proteínas recém-sintetizados em células HeLa (Figura 2B). Experimentos anteriores foram realizados com diferentes níveis de concentração, como 2x e 5x, e embora os dados não sejam apresentados, a concentração de 15x produziu as mais distintas bandas Raman C-D de lipídios e proteínas recém-sintetizados. Especificamente,.......

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DO-SRS e 2PEF têm sido aplicados para investigar a dinâmica metabólica em vários modelos ex vivo, incluindo Drosophila e tecidos humanos 21,22,23,24,26,27,33. A modalidade de imagem usada neste estudo integra a microscopia DO-SRS e 2PEF, que pode superar outros métodos de image.......

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Agradecemos ao Dr. Yajuan Li e Anthony Fung por seu suporte técnico e ao laboratório Fraley pela linha celular. Agradecemos os fundos iniciais da UCSD, NIH U54CA132378, NIH 5R01NS111039, NIH R21NS125395, NIHU54DK134301, NIHU54 HL165443 e Hellman Fellow Award.

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
10 mL Serological Pipettes Avantor (by VWR)75816-100https://us.vwr.com/store/product?keyword=75816-100
15 mL Conical Centrifuge TubeVWR89039-664https://mms.mckesson.com/product/1001859/VWR-International-89039-664
16% Formaldehyde, Methanol-freeThermoFisher Scientific28906https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/28906
24-well plateFisherbrandFB0112929https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/24-well-tc-multidish-100-cs/FB012929#?keyword=FB012929
25 mm Syringe Filter, 2 μm PESFoxx Life Sciences381-2216-OEMhttps://www.foxxlifesciences.com/collections/pes-syringe-filters/products/381-2216-oem?variant=16274336003
460 nm Filter CubeOlympusOCT-ET460/50M32
AC Adapters of the Power Supply for LD OBIS 6 Laser RemoteOlympusSupply power to the laser
Band-pass FilterKR ElectronicsKR27248 MHz
BNC 50 Ohm Terminator Mini CircuitsSTRM-50
BNC CableThorlabs2249-CCoaxial Cable, BNC Male/Male
Broadband Dielectric MirrorThorlabsBB1-E03750 - 1100 nm
Centrifuge
CondenserOlympus
Cover GlassCorning2850-25https://ecatalog.corning.com/life-sciences/b2b/NL/en/Glassware/Cover-Glass/Corning%C2%AE-Square-%231%C2%BD-Cover-Glass/p/2850-25
DC power supplyTopWard6302D
Dichroic MountThorlabsKM100CL
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Cell Culture Reagentmpbio 196055https://www.mpbio.com/0219605525-dimethyl-sulfoxide-cf
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle’s Medium without Methionine, Threonine, and Sodium PyruvateMilliporeSigma38210000https://www.usbio.net/media/D9800-22/dulbeccorsquos-mem-dmem-wsodium-bicarbonate-wo-methionine-threonine-sodium-pyruvate-powder
With Sodium Bicarbonate and without Methionine, Threonine, and Sodium Pyruvate 
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s MediumCorningMT10027CVhttps://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/dmem-dulbecco-s-modified-eagle-s-medium-4/MT10027CV#:~:text=Dulbecco's%20Modified%20Eagle's%20Medium%20
FIJI ImageJImageJVersion 1.53t 24 August 2022https://imagej.net/software/fiji/downloads
Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide)Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.7732-18-5https://shop.isotope.com/productdetails.aspx?itemno=DLM-4-1L
Hela CellsATCCCCL-2https://www.atcc.org/products/ccl-2
HemocymeterMilliporeSigmaZ359629-1EAhttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/z359629?gclid=Cj0KCQiA37KbBhDgARIsAI
zce15A5FIy0WS7I6ec2KVk
QPXVMEqlAnYis_bKB6P6lr
SIZ-wAXOyAELIaAhhEEAL
w_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds
High O.D. Bandpass FilterChroma TechnologyET890/220mFilter the Stokes beam and transmit the pump beam
HyClone Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)Cytiva SH300880340https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/hyclone-fetal-bovine-serum-u-s-standard-4/SH300880340
HyClone Trypsin 0.25% (1x) SolutionCytivaSH30042.02https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/en/us/shop/cell-culture-and-fermentation/reagents-and-supplements/cell-disassociation-reagents/hyclone-trypsin-protease-p-00445
Integrated SRS Laser SystemApplied Physics & Electronics, Inc.picoEMERALDpicoEMERALD provides an output pulse at 1031 nm with 6-ps pulse width and 80-MHz repetition rate, which serves as the Stokes beam.  The frequency doubled beam at 532 nm is used to synchronously seed a picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to produce a mode-locked pulse train with five~6 ps pulse width (the idler beam of the OPO is blocked with an,interferometric filter). The output wavelength of the OPO is tunable from 720–950 nm, which serves as the pump beam. The intensity of the 1031 nm Stokes beam is modulated sinusoidally by a built-in EOM at 8 MHz with a modulation depth of more than 90%. The pump beam is spatially overlapped with the Stokes beam by using a dichroic mirror inside picoEMERALD. The temporal overlap between pump and Stokes pulses are achieved with a built-in delay stage and optimized by the SRS signal of pure D2O at the microscope.
Inverted Laser-scanning MicroscopeOlympusFV1200MPE
IX3-CBH Control boxOlympusControl the laser-scanning microscope
Kinematic Mirror MountThorlabsPOLARIS-K1-2AH2 Low-Profile Hex Adjusters
L-PhenalynineSigmaP5482-25Ghttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/p5482
L-TryptophanSigmaT8941-25Ghttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/t8941
LabSpec 6Horiba XploRAN/Ahttps://www.horiba.com/gbr/scientific/products/detail/action/show/Product/labspec-6-spectroscopy-suite-software-1843/
Lock-In AmplifierZurich InstrumentsN/Ahttps://www.zhinst.com/americas/en/products/shfli-lock-in-amplifier
Long-pass Dichroic Beam SplitterSemrockDi02-R980-25x36980 nm laser BrightLine single-edge laser-flat dichroic beamsplitter
MATLABMathWorksVersion: R2022bhttps://www.mathworks.com/products/new_products/latest_features.html
Microscope SlidesFisherbrand12-550-003https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisherbrand-selectfrost-microscope-slides-9/12550003#?keyword=12-550-003
Microscopy Imaging SoftwareOlympusFluoView
MPLN 100x, OlympusOlympusMPLAPONhttps://www.olympus-ims.com/en/microscope/mplapon/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent11364
MPLN 50x, OlympusOlympusMPLAPON https://www.olympus-ims.com/en/microscope/mplapon/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent11363
NA Oil CondenserOlympus 6-U130https://www.hitechinstruments.com/Product-Details/olympus-achromatic-aplanatic-high-na-condneser
Nail PolishWet n WildB01EO2G5O4https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01EO2G5O4/ref=cm_sw_r_api_i_E609VVDWW
HHQP38FXXDC_0
OriginOriginLabOrigin 2022b (9.95)https://www.originlab.com/index.aspx?go=PRODUCTS/Origin
ParafilmFisher ScientificS37440https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/parafilm-m-wrapping-film-3/p-2379782
PBS 1x (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline)Thermofischer - Gibco14040117https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/14040117?SID=srch-hj-14040117
Penicillin/StreptomycinThermofischer - Gibco15140122https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/15140122
Periscope AssemblyThorlabsRS99Includes the top and bottom units, Ø1" post, and clamping fork.
picoEmerald SystemA.P.EN/Ahttps://www.ape-berlin.de/en/cars-srs/
Shielded Box with BNC ConnectorsPomona Electronics2902Aluminum Box with Cover, BNC Female/Female
Si Photodiode DetectorHome BuiltN/ADYI series
Silicon Wafer
SpacersGrace Bio-Labs654008https://gracebio.com/product/secureseal-imaging-spacers-654008/
Spontaneous Raman spectroscopyHoriba XploRAN/Ahttps://www.horiba.com/int/products/detail/action/show/Product/xploratm-plus-1528/
Stimulated Raman Scattering MicroscopyHome BuiltN/A
Touch  Panel ControllerOlympusControl the X-Y direction of the laser-scanning microscope
Trypan Blue 0.4% (0.85% NaCl) Lonza17-942Ehttps://bioscience.lonza.com/lonza_bs/US/en/Culture-Media-and-Reagents/p/000000000000181876/Trypan-Blue%2C-0-4%25-Solution"
TweezersKaverme - AmazonB07RNVXXV1https://www.amazon.com/Precision-Anti-Static-Electronics-Laboratory-Jewelry-Making/dp/B07RNVXXV1"
Two Photon Excitation Fluorescence MicroscopyHome BuiltN/A
Weighing Paper VWR12578-165https://us.vwr.com/store/product/4597617/vwr-weighing-paper
Zurich LabOneQ SoftwareZurich InstrumentsControl the Zurich lock-in amplifier

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