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Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Bioengineering

Bioortogonal kemisk avbildning av cellmetabolism reglerad av aromatiska aminosyror

Published: May 12th, 2023

DOI:

10.3791/65121

1Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego
* These authors contributed equally

Vi presenterar ett protokoll för att direkt visualisera metaboliska aktiviteter i celler som regleras av aminosyror med hjälp av deuteriumoxid (tungt vatten D2O) sonderad stimulerad Raman-spridning (DO-SRS) mikroskopi, som är integrerad med två-fotonexcitationsfluorescensmikroskopi (2PEF).

Essentiella aromatiska aminosyror (AAA) är byggstenar för att syntetisera ny biomassa i celler och upprätthålla normala biologiska funktioner. Till exempel är ett rikligt utbud av AAA viktigt för cancerceller att behålla sin snabba tillväxt och delning. Med detta finns det en ökande efterfrågan på en mycket specifik, icke-invasiv bildmetod med minimal provberedning för att direkt visualisera hur celler utnyttjar AAA för sin metabolism in situ. Här utvecklar vi en optisk avbildningsplattform som kombinerar deuteriumoxid (D2O) sondering med stimulerad Raman-spridning (DO-SRS) och integrerar DO-SRS med tvåfotonexcitationsfluorescens (2PEF) i ett enda mikroskop för att direkt visualisera de metaboliska aktiviteterna hos HeLa-celler under AAA-reglering. Sammantaget ger DO-SRS-plattformen hög rumslig upplösning och specificitet av nyligen syntetiserade proteiner och lipider i enskilda HeLa-cellenheter. Dessutom kan 2PEF-modaliteten detektera autofluorescenssignaler av nikotinamidadenindinukleotid (NADH) och Flavin på ett etikettfritt sätt. Bildsystemet som beskrivs här är kompatibelt med både in vitro- och in vivo-modeller , vilket är flexibelt för olika experiment. Det allmänna arbetsflödet för detta protokoll inkluderar cellodling, förberedelse av odlingsmedia, cellsynkronisering, cellfixering och provavbildning med DO-SRS- och 2PEF-modaliteter.

Att vara essentiella aromatiska aminosyror (AAA), fenylalanin (Phe) och tryptofan (Tryp) kan absorberas av människokroppen för att syntetisera nya molekyler för att upprätthålla normala biologiska funktioner1. Phe behövs för syntesen av proteiner, melanin och tyrosin, medan Tryp krävs för syntesen av melatonin, serotonin och niacin 2,3. Överdriven konsumtion av dessa AAA kan dock uppreglera däggdjursmålet för rapamycinvägen (mTOR), hämma AMP-aktiverat proteinkinas och störa mitokondriell metabolism, kollektivt förändra makromolekylbiosyntesen och leda till produktion av maligna prekurso....

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1. Förberedelse av media

  1. Bered 10 ml kontroll och överskott av AAA i Dulbeccos modifierade Eagle medium (DMEM) innehållande 50% D2O.
    1. För kontrollmediet, mät och blanda 10 mg DMEM-pulver med 4,7 ml dubbeldestillerat vatten (ddH2O) i ett 15 ml koniskt rör. DMEM-pulvret innehåller alla aminosyror vid standardkoncentrationer. Virvla noggrant och vänd röret för att säkerställa att lösningen är väl blandad. Tillsätt 4,7 mlD2O, 0,5 ml fetalt bovi.......

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Tillsatsen av överskott av AAA vid 15x koncentrationer till 50% D2O-innehållande cellodlingsmedia producerade distinkta C-D Raman-band av nyligen syntetiserade lipider och proteiner i HeLa-celler (figur 2B). Tidigare experiment utfördes med olika koncentrationsnivåer, såsom 2x och 5x, och även om data inte presenteras, producerade 15x-koncentrationen de mest distinkta C-D Raman-banden av nyligen syntetiserade lipider och proteiner. Specifikt, genom att undersöka lipiddroppa.......

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DO-SRS och 2PEF-avbildning har tillämpats för att undersöka metabolisk dynamik i olika ex vivo-modeller, inklusive Drosophila och humana vävnader 21,22,23,24,26,27,33. Bildmodaliteten som används i denna studie integrerar DO-SRS- och 2PEF-mikroskopi, vilket kan överträffa and.......

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Vi tackar Dr. Yajuan Li och Anthony Fung för deras tekniska support och Fraley-labbet för cellinjen. Vi erkänner startfonderna från UCSD, NIH U54CA132378, NIH 5R01NS111039, NIH R21NS125395, NIHU54DK134301, NIHU54 HL165443 och Hellman Fellow Award.

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
10 mL Serological Pipettes Avantor (by VWR)75816-100https://us.vwr.com/store/product?keyword=75816-100
15 mL Conical Centrifuge TubeVWR89039-664https://mms.mckesson.com/product/1001859/VWR-International-89039-664
16% Formaldehyde, Methanol-freeThermoFisher Scientific28906https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/28906
24-well plateFisherbrandFB0112929https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/24-well-tc-multidish-100-cs/FB012929#?keyword=FB012929
25 mm Syringe Filter, 2 μm PESFoxx Life Sciences381-2216-OEMhttps://www.foxxlifesciences.com/collections/pes-syringe-filters/products/381-2216-oem?variant=16274336003
460 nm Filter CubeOlympusOCT-ET460/50M32
AC Adapters of the Power Supply for LD OBIS 6 Laser RemoteOlympusSupply power to the laser
Band-pass FilterKR ElectronicsKR27248 MHz
BNC 50 Ohm Terminator Mini CircuitsSTRM-50
BNC CableThorlabs2249-CCoaxial Cable, BNC Male/Male
Broadband Dielectric MirrorThorlabsBB1-E03750 - 1100 nm
Centrifuge
CondenserOlympus
Cover GlassCorning2850-25https://ecatalog.corning.com/life-sciences/b2b/NL/en/Glassware/Cover-Glass/Corning%C2%AE-Square-%231%C2%BD-Cover-Glass/p/2850-25
DC power supplyTopWard6302D
Dichroic MountThorlabsKM100CL
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Cell Culture Reagentmpbio 196055https://www.mpbio.com/0219605525-dimethyl-sulfoxide-cf
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle’s Medium without Methionine, Threonine, and Sodium PyruvateMilliporeSigma38210000https://www.usbio.net/media/D9800-22/dulbeccorsquos-mem-dmem-wsodium-bicarbonate-wo-methionine-threonine-sodium-pyruvate-powder
With Sodium Bicarbonate and without Methionine, Threonine, and Sodium Pyruvate 
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s MediumCorningMT10027CVhttps://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/dmem-dulbecco-s-modified-eagle-s-medium-4/MT10027CV#:~:text=Dulbecco's%20Modified%20Eagle's%20Medium%20
FIJI ImageJImageJVersion 1.53t 24 August 2022https://imagej.net/software/fiji/downloads
Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide)Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.7732-18-5https://shop.isotope.com/productdetails.aspx?itemno=DLM-4-1L
Hela CellsATCCCCL-2https://www.atcc.org/products/ccl-2
HemocymeterMilliporeSigmaZ359629-1EAhttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/z359629?gclid=Cj0KCQiA37KbBhDgARIsAI
zce15A5FIy0WS7I6ec2KVk
QPXVMEqlAnYis_bKB6P6lr
SIZ-wAXOyAELIaAhhEEAL
w_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds
High O.D. Bandpass FilterChroma TechnologyET890/220mFilter the Stokes beam and transmit the pump beam
HyClone Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)Cytiva SH300880340https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/hyclone-fetal-bovine-serum-u-s-standard-4/SH300880340
HyClone Trypsin 0.25% (1x) SolutionCytivaSH30042.02https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/en/us/shop/cell-culture-and-fermentation/reagents-and-supplements/cell-disassociation-reagents/hyclone-trypsin-protease-p-00445
Integrated SRS Laser SystemApplied Physics & Electronics, Inc.picoEMERALDpicoEMERALD provides an output pulse at 1031 nm with 6-ps pulse width and 80-MHz repetition rate, which serves as the Stokes beam.  The frequency doubled beam at 532 nm is used to synchronously seed a picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to produce a mode-locked pulse train with five~6 ps pulse width (the idler beam of the OPO is blocked with an,interferometric filter). The output wavelength of the OPO is tunable from 720–950 nm, which serves as the pump beam. The intensity of the 1031 nm Stokes beam is modulated sinusoidally by a built-in EOM at 8 MHz with a modulation depth of more than 90%. The pump beam is spatially overlapped with the Stokes beam by using a dichroic mirror inside picoEMERALD. The temporal overlap between pump and Stokes pulses are achieved with a built-in delay stage and optimized by the SRS signal of pure D2O at the microscope.
Inverted Laser-scanning MicroscopeOlympusFV1200MPE
IX3-CBH Control boxOlympusControl the laser-scanning microscope
Kinematic Mirror MountThorlabsPOLARIS-K1-2AH2 Low-Profile Hex Adjusters
L-PhenalynineSigmaP5482-25Ghttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/p5482
L-TryptophanSigmaT8941-25Ghttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/t8941
LabSpec 6Horiba XploRAN/Ahttps://www.horiba.com/gbr/scientific/products/detail/action/show/Product/labspec-6-spectroscopy-suite-software-1843/
Lock-In AmplifierZurich InstrumentsN/Ahttps://www.zhinst.com/americas/en/products/shfli-lock-in-amplifier
Long-pass Dichroic Beam SplitterSemrockDi02-R980-25x36980 nm laser BrightLine single-edge laser-flat dichroic beamsplitter
MATLABMathWorksVersion: R2022bhttps://www.mathworks.com/products/new_products/latest_features.html
Microscope SlidesFisherbrand12-550-003https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisherbrand-selectfrost-microscope-slides-9/12550003#?keyword=12-550-003
Microscopy Imaging SoftwareOlympusFluoView
MPLN 100x, OlympusOlympusMPLAPONhttps://www.olympus-ims.com/en/microscope/mplapon/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent11364
MPLN 50x, OlympusOlympusMPLAPON https://www.olympus-ims.com/en/microscope/mplapon/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent11363
NA Oil CondenserOlympus 6-U130https://www.hitechinstruments.com/Product-Details/olympus-achromatic-aplanatic-high-na-condneser
Nail PolishWet n WildB01EO2G5O4https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01EO2G5O4/ref=cm_sw_r_api_i_E609VVDWW
HHQP38FXXDC_0
OriginOriginLabOrigin 2022b (9.95)https://www.originlab.com/index.aspx?go=PRODUCTS/Origin
ParafilmFisher ScientificS37440https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/parafilm-m-wrapping-film-3/p-2379782
PBS 1x (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline)Thermofischer - Gibco14040117https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/14040117?SID=srch-hj-14040117
Penicillin/StreptomycinThermofischer - Gibco15140122https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/15140122
Periscope AssemblyThorlabsRS99Includes the top and bottom units, Ø1" post, and clamping fork.
picoEmerald SystemA.P.EN/Ahttps://www.ape-berlin.de/en/cars-srs/
Shielded Box with BNC ConnectorsPomona Electronics2902Aluminum Box with Cover, BNC Female/Female
Si Photodiode DetectorHome BuiltN/ADYI series
Silicon Wafer
SpacersGrace Bio-Labs654008https://gracebio.com/product/secureseal-imaging-spacers-654008/
Spontaneous Raman spectroscopyHoriba XploRAN/Ahttps://www.horiba.com/int/products/detail/action/show/Product/xploratm-plus-1528/
Stimulated Raman Scattering MicroscopyHome BuiltN/A
Touch  Panel ControllerOlympusControl the X-Y direction of the laser-scanning microscope
Trypan Blue 0.4% (0.85% NaCl) Lonza17-942Ehttps://bioscience.lonza.com/lonza_bs/US/en/Culture-Media-and-Reagents/p/000000000000181876/Trypan-Blue%2C-0-4%25-Solution"
TweezersKaverme - AmazonB07RNVXXV1https://www.amazon.com/Precision-Anti-Static-Electronics-Laboratory-Jewelry-Making/dp/B07RNVXXV1"
Two Photon Excitation Fluorescence MicroscopyHome BuiltN/A
Weighing Paper VWR12578-165https://us.vwr.com/store/product/4597617/vwr-weighing-paper
Zurich LabOneQ SoftwareZurich InstrumentsControl the Zurich lock-in amplifier

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