isolation-mesenchymal-stem-cells-from-human-alveolar-periosteum

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a variety of tissues and can be differentiated into numerous cell types, including osteoblasts. Among the ...

Chang Gung University

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

This study characterized alveolar periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs) and examined the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)D (calcitriol) exerts osteoinductive effects on P-MSCs. The mRNA expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), core-binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1), collagen-1 (Col-1), osteocalcin (OCN), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) were assessed after incubation with calcitriol for 2 weeks. Vitamin C as positive control (Vit. C-p) increased ALP and CBFA1 mRNA expression at both 1 and 2 weeks and increased BSP and Col-1 mRNA expression only at the first week. A concentration of 10 M calcitriol enhanced ALP, CBFA1, Col-1, and OCN mRNA expression at both weeks and BSP mRNA expression at the first week. Furthermore, 10 M calcitriol increased the mRNA expressions of all compounds at both weeks, except that of CBFA1 at the first week. 10 M calcitriol and Vit. C-p enhanced ALP activity at the second and third weeks. The results revealed that 10, 10, and 10 M calcitriol induced osteoinduction in alveolar P-MSCs by increasing ALP, CBFA1, Col-1, and OCN mRNA expression. A 10 M calcitriol yielded a higher mRNA expression than Vit. Cp on VDR and OCN mRNA expression at both weeks and on Col-1 mRNA at the second week.

Potential Osteoinductive Effects of Calcitriol on the m-RNA of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Alveolar Periosteum.

The purpose of this study was to relate the proportions of bone-supported root length of a 2D view into the amount of a 3D bone-attached root surface area (BA-RSA) by using a dental laser scanner examination. White-light 3D scanning technology was used to probe 36 maxillary and 35 mandibular single-rooted premolars. The bone-supported height (BSH) and BA-RSA at designated levels (95-25%) were compared using statistical t tests. The 100% BSH and BA-RSA of the maxillary/mandibular premolars were 12.6 ± 1.60 mm/13.45 ± 1.47 mm (p < 0.05) and 220.78 ± 35.31 mm/199.51 ± 26.33 mm (p < 0.01), respectively. Approximately 79-80%, 59-60%, and 35-36% premolars 2D BSH remained in comparison to 75%, 50%, and 25% 3D BA-RSA preservation, respectively. However, corresponding to a 75%, 50%, and 25% 2D BSH reserve, premolars retained 67-68%, 39-41%, and 15-17% 3D BA-RSA, respectively. When taking 1.0 mm connective tissue attachment into account, 60% 3D BA-RSA and 50% 2D BSH loss were noted at the 5.1-5.4 mm clinical attachment level. Assigning a periodontal prognosis and determining the severity of periodontitis for premolars with alveolar bone loss based on 3D's or 2D's measurement is inconsistent.

Decreased Amount of Supporting Alveolar Bone at Single-Rooted Premolars Is Under Estimated by 2D Examinations.

In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using a handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) for  visualizations of the microstructural and microvascular features of various oral mucosal types. To scan arbitrary locations of the oral mucosa, a scanning probe was developed, composed of a probe body fabricated by a 3D printer, miniaturized two-axis galvanometer, relay lenses, and reflective prism. With a 3D printing technique, the probe weight and the system volume were greatly reduced, enabling the effective improvement of imaging artifacts from unconscious motion and system complexity. Additionally, in our design, the distal end of the probe can be switched to fit various oral conditions, and the optical parameters of the probe, such as the transverse resolution, working distance, and probe length can be easily varied. The results showed that the epithelium and lamina propria layers, as well as the fungiform papilla and salivary gland, were differentiated. Moreover, various microcirculation features at different mucosal sites were identified that are potentially effective indicators for the diagnosis of premalignant lesions. The demonstrated results indicate that the developed OCT system is a promising tool for noninvasive imaging of oral mucosae.

Yen-Li Wang

Chang Gung University

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells