This protocol enables the impact of prophages on their hosts to be revealed. Bacterial cultures are synchronized using conditions that best support the lysogenic state, limiting spontaneous induction. RT-qPCR unequivocally distinguishes prophage-restricted genes and those uncoupled from phage control from those that are expressed during the lytic replication cycle.
Here, we establish a protocol using minimal amounts of fresh-frozen brain tissue sections and an accessible high-speed centrifugation method coupled with size exclusion chromatography to obtain small extracellular vesicles as sources for microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for neurological disorders.
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