The freezing-thawing method is used to produce chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels without crosslinking agents. For this method, it is important to consider the freezing conditions (temperature, number of cycles) and polymer ratio, which can affect the properties and applications of the obtained hydrogels.
Presented here is a protocol to use the CRISPR-Cas9 system for reducing the production of a protein in the adult honeybee brain to test antibody specificity.
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