1.10 : Positive and Normative Economics

Positive and normative economics are two fundamental approaches used in economic analysis, each serving distinct purposes.

Positive economics focuses on describing and explaining economic phenomena as they are without incorporating value judgments or opinions. It deals with factual statements and objective analysis based on observable data and empirical evidence. For example, positive economics might analyze the impact of a minimum wage increase on employment levels purely based on observed outcomes.

On the other hand, normative economics involves making value judgments and expressing opinions about what ought to be or is desirable in the economy. It deals with subjective assessments and involves statements of opinion or recommendations regarding economic policies or outcomes. For instance, normative economics might argue that a minimum wage increase is necessary to ensure fair wages for workers, even if it leads to some job losses.

The critical difference between positive and normative economics lies in their approach to analyzing economic issues: positive economics focuses on objective analysis of facts. In contrast, normative economics involves subjective judgments and value-based assessments. Both approaches play crucial roles in informing economic decision-making and policy formulation.