1.12 : Reinforced Brick Masonry

Reinforced brick masonry is an advanced construction technique that enhances the structural integrity of brick walls by incorporating steel reinforcements. These reinforcements are either placed within the hollow cores of bricks or sandwiched between two layers of masonry, known as wythes, and are then secured in place with grout. Grout is a fluid mixture composed of Portland cement, aggregate, and water, providing the necessary bonding agent for the steel and brick.

To fortify brick walls effectively, deformed steel reinforcement bars are embedded in the collar joints or the hollow cores of the bricks. This reinforcement strategy includes both vertical and horizontal steel bars. Vertical bars must have a minimum diameter of three-fourth inch and are spaced at consistent intervals, not exceeding 48 inches, especially in walls that are longer and require additional strength.

The grouting process involves multiple stages known as lifts, where grout is methodically applied either manually or through mechanical pumps to ensure thorough coverage and bonding. This reinforcement is crucial around structural openings, atop foundation and parapet walls, and in connecting elements of the building like floors and roofs.

Additionally, fixtures for securing floor and roof structures can be directly bolted to reinforced masonry walls or attached using mechanical anchors that are embedded and grouted within the wall cavities. This method allows for the construction of high-rise buildings with thinner, yet robust, masonry walls, broadening architectural possibilities.