4.14 : Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.

The condition is more prevalent among those who are overweight and is typically characterized by loud snoring. Sleep apnea not only disrupts sleep but may also worsen cardiovascular health. However, it's essential to note that anyone, regardless of body weight, who exhibits symptoms such as loud snoring or gasping for air while asleep should be evaluated for sleep apnea.

There are two primary types of sleep apnea:

• Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): This occurs when the throat muscles intermittently relax and block the airway during sleep and air is prevented from entering the lungs.
• Central Sleep Apnea: This involves the brain failing to send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing.

The consequences of untreated sleep apnea are far-reaching, including the risk of vehicle accidents due to impaired alertness, job performance issues due to lack of sleep, and an increased risk of serious health conditions such as dementia and heart disease. Treatment often includes lifestyle changes like weight management and the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) devices. These devices keep the airway open by providing a constant stream of air through a mask, reducing the occurrence of breathing interruptions.

Understanding and treating sleep apnea is crucial, as it significantly impacts overall health and quality of life. Individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of sleep apnea should consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management.