Yazarlar bu videoyu üretti Missouri Akademik Destek Merkezi Üniversitesi Yaratıcı Hizmetler ekibi teşekkür etmek isterdim. Bu çalışma Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri Çocuk Sağlığı ve İnsan Gelişimi Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ulusal Enstitüsü, hibe sayısı HD055231 tarafından desteklenmiştir

1. Fare plasentanın Diseksiyon <ol><li> Farelerde çiftleşme çiftleri ayarlayın. </li><li> İlerleyen günlerde her birinde, bir çiftleşme fiş varlığını kontrol edin. Bir fiş tespit edildiği gün 0.5 gün sonrası cinsel birleşme (DPC), 7. olarak kabul edilir. </li><li> Plasentası d 10.5 olgun plasentanın gelişimi ile plasenta mümkün başında temiz bir diseksiyon ile, gebeliğin istenen aşamada toplanabilir. Burada, 14.5 DPC göstermektedir. Verilen miktarlar ise, 10.5 DPC üzerine 40-60 plasenta ve 14.5 DPC 10-20 plasentası açıkça görülebilen bir trofoblast hücre tabakası verecektir. </li><li> Hamile fare Euthanize ve servikste kesme, rahim kaldırmak ve mesometrium boyunca. </li><li> Her konseptus (Şekil 1A) arasında kesilmiş keskin bir makas, kullanma. </li><li> Forseps, iki çift kullanarak, kesme kenarında rahim duvarına kavramak ve uzaklaşmayı, myometrium (Şekil 1B) kaldırma<html> . Bir çift tırtıklı, (kavisli veya düz) orta ince forseps artı bir çift çok ince forseps (# 5, örneğin) tavsiye edilir. </li><li> Plasenta karşısında, plasenta teşhir, forseps veya makas ile desidua açın. Tek bir forseps bir çift ile uterus dokusu kavra, ayırmak için plasenta (Şekil 1C) altında başka bir forseps kaydırın. Eğer plasenta gerekli, ayrı fetüs ve fetal membranlar. Ayrıca plasental doku kaybetmeden diseksiyonu bütün desidual doku kaldırmak mümkün değildir, ancak ek desidual doku (soluk) yavaşça forseps ile soyulması ile plasenta yüzeyinden uzaklaştırılabilir. Biz daha fazla arıtma Percoll degrade üzerinde de durulacaktır. </li><li> Her diseksiyonlar bitene kadar 50 ml konik bir tüp içinde 25 ml buz gibi soğuk tampon içinde her bir ayrılma parçalara plasenta yerleştirin. Daha sonraki aşamalarda, iri ayrışma tampon içine aktarmak için önce makas veya jilet ile plasental doku kıyma. </li></ol>trofoblast hücrelerin alışını &quot;&gt; 2. İzolasyonu <ol><li> 45-60 dakika için bir 37 ° C banyo içinde gevşek bir şekilde kapak konik boru ve bir yer. Yaklaşık her 10 dk pipetleme tarafından şiddetle ayrışma çözüm karıştırın. Toplam sindirim süresi yakından izlenmeli ve muhtemelen bazı deneme yanılma optimum hücre iyileşme elde etmek isteyecektir. Dokular 10 ml pipet geçirilecek gerekir, ancak doku görünür parçaları kalır. Overdigestion zayıf hücre hayatta kalma ve kaplama verimi ile sonuçlanır. Birkaç hücre kümeleri mevcut olduğunda Optimal hücre sağkalım ve kaplama verimliliği yerine tam ayrışma elde edildiğinde daha ortaya çıkacaktır. Tersine, underdigestion Percoll ayrışmadan sonra azalır saflığı yol açacaktır. Uygun sindirim noktasına ulaşıldığında, buz üzerinde yer tüp kollajenaz aktivitesini durdurmak için. </li><li> Sindirilmemiş malzemeleri çıkarın ve 5 dakika boyunca @ 500 xg&#39;de santrifüj bir hücre süzgecinden çözümü geçirin. </li><li> Yıkamak için kaldırmak10 ml yıkama çözeltisi içinde tekrar süspansiyon ve süpernatant hücreler. 5 dakika @ 500 xg santrifüjleyin. </li><li> Santrifüj sırasında, 9.6 ml Percoll, 13.4 ml yıkama çözeltisi ve yüksek hızlı santrifüjleme için uygun olan bir 50 ml tüp içinde 1.1 ml ortam 10x 199 karıştırılarak Percoll solüsyon hazırlanır. </li><li> 2 mL yıkama solüsyonu içinde süpernatant ve tekrar süspansiyon hücre pelletini çıkarın. </li><li> Çözelti Percoll ve 4 de 30 dakika @ 30,000 x g&#39;da santrifüj ile hücreler ekleme ° C. </li><li> Degrade bozmadan santrifüj tüpü çıkarın. Parlak bir ışık kaynağının önünde degrade, yerde tüp görselleştirmek için. Trofoblast bant (Şekil 2) bulun ve aşağıdaki kırmızı kan hücresi bant rahatsız etmemek için özen bir pipet yardımıyla aspire. Trofoblast bant hacmi 5-8 ml olacaktır. </li><li> 50 ml&#39;lik bir konik tüpe trofoblastların aktarın. 45ml toplam hacme yıkama çözeltisi ekleme. </li><li> 5 dakika @ 500 xg santrifüjleyin. Süpernatantı ve kültür medi tekrar süspansiyonum (NCTC-135). Hücreler 37 ° C&#39;de ve% 5 CO2 de ince tabaka Matrigel ya da plastik doku kültürü üzerinde kültive edilebilir. Günlük 10.5, her plasenta% 80-90 pozitif sitokeratin hangi kabaca 50.000 canlı hücreleri üretir. </li></ol> 3. Trofoblast invazyonu Assay <ol><li> 37 her Matrigel odası ve inkübe için 1-2 ml kültür ortamı (NCTC-135) ekle °, 30-90 dakika süreyle% 5 CO 2. </li><li> Orta çıkarın ve üst odacığı 2ml orta 1,5 ml x 10 5 taze izole hücreleri ekleyin. Alt membran yüzeyini kapsayacak şekilde alt kanadı 1 ml orta ekleyin. </li><li> 18-24 saat için ekler kültür hücreleri. </li><li> Bir köpük çubukla ovülden Pençe hücreleri ve Matrigel. </li><li> 2 ml PBS içinde üst ve alt bölme çalkalayın. </li><li> PBS içinde 1 ml% 4 paraformaldehit içinde 5 dakika için düzeltildi. </li><li> 400 ul DAPI (300m) ile alt kanadı doldurarak Leke ve 30 dakika inkübe edilir. </li><li> PBS içinde kısaca üç kez yıkayın. </li><li&gt; keskin bir neşter bıçağı ile ekler membranlar çıkarın. </li><li> Kaydırmak için montaj ortam maddesi (PBS,% 50 gliserol) ve bir damla 10 ul ekle. Forseps kullanarak, damla membran yatıyordu. Orta bir 10 ul damla ekleyin, sonra dikkatlice lamel. </li><li> Fotoğraf ve sayım hücreler. Kullanılan mikroskop için uygun şark membran (aşağı cep tarafını yukarı veya hücre tarafı) emin olun. Image J yazılımı (Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri) bu amaç için kullanılabilecek bir el sayma özelliği içerir, can Adobe Photoshop veya manuel sayaç. </li></ol> 4. Temsilcisi Sonuçlar <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3202/3202fig1.jpg" alt="Şekil 1" /> Şekil 1. Fare plasentanın Diseksiyon. (A) rahim mesometrial yüzeyi boyunca, (sarı) yumurta kanalı boyunca kesilerek çıkarılır ve serviks (alt) olarak alır. Bireysel conceptuses sonra gösterildiği gibi, makas ile kesme ile ayrılabilir. (B) rahim<html> duvar kesme rahim içinde iki yüzey forseps yerleştirerek ve fetus yakın ve uzak plasenta, anti-mesometrial tarafı boyunca yırtarak ile uzaklaştırılır. (C) Plasenta sonra forseps ile açgözlü ve plasenta ve uterus dokusu arasında bir kayma ile izole edilir. Umbilikal kord ve diğer extraembryonic membranlar daha sonra plasenta ayrılabilir. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3202/3202fig2.jpg" alt="Şekil 2," /> Trofoblastların Şekil 2. Percoll ayrılması. Santrifüj sonra, üç büyük grup solda karikatür gösterildiği gibi görünür, ve fotoğraf sağda olacak. Üst bant, hücre tortularını ve fibroblastlar içeren ve en çok belirgin olacaktır. Kırmızı kan hücreleri içeren altına yakın Sıkı (kırmızı) bant sadece diffüz trofoblast grup altında gözükecektir. Sadece fotoğraftaki ok sol gösterilen iki gibi Hücre agrega olasılıkla, trofoblast bandında görülen olacaktır. ove_content &quot;&gt; <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3202/3202fig3.jpg" alt="Şekil 3" /> Şekil 3,. İstilacı trofoblastların (beyaz ok) zarın alt yüzeyi üzerinde görünen, Matrigel tabaka ve zar gözenekleri geçecek. Gözenekler (siyah ok başı) da görülebilir. Tüm zar yüzey ya da temsili bir numune alanına hücrelerin sayısı sayılır. Floresan DAPI nükleer boyanma bir gri görüntü hücrelerin görsel geliştirmek için ters edilmiştir. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3202/3202fig4.jpg" alt="Şekil 4," /> Şekil 4,. Trofoblast hücreleri tespit ve izole nüfusun saflık sitokeratin 7 (merkez, macenta) ile immüno-, değerlendirilebilir. Hücreler DAPI (üst, mavi) ile zıt edilir. Birleştirilmiş görüntü, alt.

<ol>
	<li>Thordarson, G., Folger, P., Talamantes, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+placental+cell+culture+system+for+studying+the+control+of+mouse+placental+lactogen+II+secretion.">Development of a placental cell culture system for studying the control of mouse placental lactogen II secretion.</a> Placenta. 8, 573-585 (1987).</li><li>Petroff, M. G., Phillips, T. A., Ka, H., Pace, J. L., Hunt, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+culture+of+term+human+trophoblast+cells.">Isolation and culture of term human trophoblast cells.</a> Methods. Mol. Med. 121, 203-217 (2006).</li><li>Kliman, H. J., Nestler, J. E., Sermasi, E., Sanger, J. M., Strauss, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification,+characterization,+and+in+vitro+differentiation+of+cytotrophoblasts+from+human+term+placentae.">Purification, characterization, and in vitro differentiation of cytotrophoblasts from human term placentae.</a> Endocrinology. 118, 1567-1582 (1986).</li><li>Blaschitz, A., Weiss, U., Dohr, G., Desoye, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibody+reaction+patterns+in+first+trimester+placenta:+implications+for+trophoblast+isolation+and+purity+screening.">Antibody reaction patterns in first trimester placenta: implications for trophoblast isolation and purity screening.</a> Placenta. 21, 733-741 (2000).</li><li>Librach, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=92-kD+type+IV+collagenase+mediates+invasion+of+human+cytotrophoblasts.">92-kD type IV collagenase mediates invasion of human cytotrophoblasts.</a> J. Cell. Biol. 113, 437-449 (1991).</li><li>Schulz, L. C., Widmaier, E. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+leptin+on+mouse+trophoblast+cell+invasion.">The effect of leptin on mouse trophoblast cell invasion.</a> Biol. Reprod. 71, 1963-1967 (2004).</li><li>Tanaka, S., Kunath, T., Hadjantonakis, A. K., Nagy, A., Rossant, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Promotion+of+trophoblast+stem+cell+proliferation+by+FGF4.">Promotion of trophoblast stem cell proliferation by FGF4.</a> Science. 282, 2072-2075 (1998).</li></ol>

Biz ifşa etmek başka bir şey var.

Bu video olarak, fare plasenta trofoblast hücrelerin izolasyonu göstermektedir. Biz sonra trofoblast invazyonu için in vitro deney göstermektedir. Bu prosedür kullanıldığında, büyük ölçüde tamamen olmasa da, trofoblast hücre saf nüfus elde edilebilir. Daha fazla saflık gerekli ise primer insan trofoblast hücreleri için tarif edildiği gibi, manyetik boncuk ayırma ya da akış sitometrisi, yapılabilmektedir. Kollajenaz ayrışma adımın doğru uzunluğu her bir deney ile tespit edilmeli ve deneyimi ...

Specific reagents and equipment:
Wash Solution (filter sterilize after mixing)
<table border='1'>
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Reagent</td>
 <td>Amount</td>
 <td>Final concentration</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>10x Medium 199</td>
 <td>50ml</td>
 <td>1X</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hepes</td>
 <td>2.383 g</td>
 <td>0.02M</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>sodium bicarbonate</td>
 <td>0.42 g</td>
 <td>0.01M</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Penicllin-Streptomycin</td>
 <td>5 mL</td>
 <td>100 U- 100 &mu;g /ml</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sterile dH20</td>
 <td>to 500 mL</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

Dissociation solution (make fresh and filter sterilize)
<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Reagent</td>
 <td>Amount</td>
 <td>Final concentration</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Wash Solution</td>
 <td>100 mL</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DNase</td>
 <td>1 vial (2000 U)</td>
 <td>20 U/mL</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase</td>
 <td>100 mg</td>
 <td>125 digestion units/mL</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>


<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of the reagent</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalogue number</td>
 <td>Comments</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>C9891</td>
 <td>This is Clostridium collagenase.
Bovine pancreatic collagenase would likely work as well</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>NCTC-135</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>D4263</td>
 <td>Add FBS to 10%</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Matrigel invasion chambers</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>354481</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>10x Medium 199</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>M9163</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
 <td>Invitrogen</td>
 <td>15140</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DNase</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>D4263</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>100 &mu;m Cell strainer</td>
 <td>Fisher</td>
 <td>22363549</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Antibody to cytokeratin 7</td>
 <td>DAKO</td>
 <td>M7018</td>
 <td>Used at 1:100 dilution</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

Equipment Standard cell culture equipment including a CO2 incubator is required. In addition, a centrifuge rotor capable of spinning 50 ml tubes at 30,000 x g is needed. Note that this exceeds the maximum speed of most conical centrifuge tubes and will likely require an Oak Ridge style tube.

isolation of primary mouse trophoblast cells and trophoblast invasion assay

Plasenta fetusun besin, gazlar ve büyüme faktörlerinin taşıma yanı sıra, atıkların ortadan kaldırılması için sorumludur. Böylece, plasental gelişim kusurları, anne ve fetus için önemli sonuçları vardır ve embriyonik ölümcül önemli bir nedenidir. Plasenta fetal kısmının başlıca bir hücre türüdürler trofoblast olup. Birincil fare plasental trofoblast hücreleri normal ve anormal plasental geliştirme çalışmaları için yararlı bir araçtır, ve hücre çizgileri, farklı olarak, izole edilmiş ve hamilelik belirli aşamalarında trofoblast incelemek için kullanılabilir. Buna ek olarak, transgenik fareler trofoblast primer kültürlerden plasental hücreleri içinde belirli genlerin rolü incelemek için kullanılabilir. Burada sunulan protokol Thordarson ve arkadaşları tarafından açıklama esas alınmaktadır. Bir Percoll gradient izole edilmiş fare plasentası gelen, saf bir trofoblast hücre popülasyonu elde etmek için kullanıldığı, 1,. Bu, daha yaygın olarak kullanmak için benzerİnsan trofoblast hücre izolasyonu 2-3 d yöntemleri. Saflık sitokeratin 7 4 için izole hücrelerin immünohistokimyasal boyama ile değerlendirilebilir. Burada, izole hücreler daha sonra in vitro 5-6 trofoblast invazivlik değerlendirmek için bir Matrigel işgali testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Işgal hücrelerin sayımı için immünsitokimya ve lekeli tarafından analiz edilir.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Primary Mouse Trophoblast Cells and Trophoblast Invasion Assay at JoVE.com

Isolation of Primary Mouse Trophoblast Cells and Trophoblast Invasion Assay

Bu protokol, biz bir Percoll gradyanı kullanılarak trofoblast hücrelerinin izolasyonu takiben gebelik d10.5 üzerinde fare plasenta diseksiyonu tarif. Daha sonra bir Matrigel işgali tayininde izole hücrelerin kullanımını göstermektedir.

Birincil Fare trofoblast hücreleri ve trofoblast invazyonu Assay İzolasyonu

The placenta is responsible for the transport of nutrients, gasses and growth factors to the fetus, as well as the elimination of wastes.  
Thus, defects ...

isolation-primary-mouse-trophoblast-cells-trophoblast-invasion

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

23.4K Görüntüleme.  University of Missouri. Bu protokol, biz bir Percoll gradyanı kullanılarak trofoblast hücrelerinin izolasyonu takiben gebelik d10.5 üzerinde fare plasenta diseksiyonu tarif. Daha sonra bir Matrigel işgali tayininde izole hücrelerin kullanımını göstermektedir.

Video: Isolation of Primary Mouse Trophoblast Cells and Trophoblast Invasion Assay

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Specification of the trophectoderm is one of the earliest differentiation events of mammalian development. The trophoblast lineage derived from the trophectoderm mediates implantation and generates the fetal part of the placenta. As a result, the development of this lineage is essential for embryo survival. Derivation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells from mouse blastocysts was first described by Tanaka et al. 1998. The ability of TS cells to preserve the trophoblast specific property and their expression of stage- and cell type-specific markers after proper stimulation provides a valuable model system to investigate trophoblast lineage development whereby recapitulating early placentation events. Furthermore, trophoblast cells are one of the few somatic cell types undergoing natural genome amplification. Although the molecular pathways underlying trophoblast polyploidization have begun to unravel, the physiological role and advantage of trophoblast genome amplification remains largely elusive. The development of diploid stem cells into polyploid trophoblast cells in culture makes this ex vivo system an excellent tool for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of genome replication and instability in health and disease. Here we describe a protocol based on previous reports with modification published in Chiu et al. 2008.

In this video, we demonstrate the isolation of mouse blastocysts and the derivation of trophoblast stem cells from blastocysts. We also describe conditions for maintenance of the stem cell property as well as induction of differentiation in culture.

Blastosist Fare trofoblast Kök Hücre türetilmesi

Specification of the trophectoderm is one of the earliest differentiation events of mammalian development. The trophoblast lineage derived from the ...

Biyoloji

Isolation and Primary Culture of Rat Hepatic Cells

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology and other related subjects. The method based on two-step collagenase perfusion for isolation of intact hepatocytes was first introduced by Berry and Friend in 1969 1 and, since then, has undergone many modifications. The most commonly used technique was described by Seglenin 1976 2. Essentially, hepatocytes are dissociated from anesthetized adult rats by a non-recirculating collagenase perfusion through the portal vein. The isolated cells are then filtered through a 100 &mu;m pore size mesh nylon filter, and cultured onto plates. After 4-hour culture, the medium is replaced with serum-containing or serum-free medium, e.g. HepatoZYME-SFM, for additional time to culture. These procedures require surgical and sterile culture steps that can be better demonstrated by video than by text. Here, we document the detailed steps for these procedures by both video and written protocol, which allow consistently in the generation of viable hepatocytes in large numbers.

Primary hepatocytes provide a valuable tool to evaluate biochemical, molecular, and metabolic functions in a physiologically relevant experimental system. We describe a reliable protocol for rat in situ liver perfusion, which consistently generates viable hepatocytes up to 1.0 &times; 108 cells per preparation with cell viability between 88 ~ 96%.

Sıçan Karaciğer Hücreleri İzolasyon ve İlköğretim Kültür

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology ...

Isolation of Immune Cells from Primary Tumors

Tumors create a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment (tumor microenvironment, TME) whereby leukocytes are recruited into the tumor by various chemokines and growth factors 1,2. However, once in the TME, these cells lose the ability to promote anti-tumor immunity and begin to support tumor growth and down-regulate anti-tumor immune responses 3-4. Studies on tumor-associated leukocytes have mainly focused on cells isolated from tumor-draining lymph nodes or spleen due to the inherent difficulties in obtaining sufficient cell numbers and purity from the primary tumor. While identifying the mechanisms of cell activation and trafficking through the lymphatic system of tumor bearing mice is important and may give insight to the kinetics of immune responses to cancer, in our experience, many leukocytes, including dendritic cells (DCs), in tumor-draining lymph nodes have a different phenotype than those that infiltrate tumors 5,6 . Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that adoptively-transferred T cells isolated from the tumor-draining lymph nodes are not tolerized and are capable of responding to secondary stimulation in vitro unlike T cells isolated from the TME, which are tolerized and incapable of proliferation or cytokine production 7,8. Interestingly, we have shown that changing the tumor microenvironment, such as providing CD4+ T helper cells via adoptive transfer, promotes CD8+ T cells to maintain pro-inflammatory effector functions 5. The results from each of the previously mentioned studies demonstrate the importance of measuring cellular responses from TME-infiltrating immune cells as opposed to cells that remain in the periphery. To study the function of immune cells which infiltrate tumors using the Miltenyi Biotech isolation system9, we have modified and optimized this antibody-based isolation procedure to obtain highly enriched populations of antigen presenting cells and tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The protocol includes a detailed dissection of murine prostate tissue from a spontaneous prostate tumor model (TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate -TRAMP) 10 and a subcutaneous melanoma (B16) tumor model followed by subsequent purification of various leukocyte populations.

In this report, we describe a protocol for isolating highly purified populations of leukocytes that infiltrate tumors. This protocol is adapted from the Miltenyi Biotech protocol to enhance yield and purity for isolating cells from complex tumor tissue.

Primer Tümörler gelen Bağışıklık Hücre İzolasyonu

Tumors create a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment (tumor microenvironment, TME) whereby leukocytes are recruited into the tumor by various ...

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one week. More than 20 x 106 acinar cells can be obtained from a single murine pancreas. This protocol offers the possibility to independently process as many as 10 pancreases in parallel. Because it preserves acinar architecture, this model is well suited for studying the physiology of the exocrine pancreas in vitro in contrast to cell lines established from pancreatic tumors, which display many genetic alterations resulting in partial or total loss of their acinar differentiation.

In this publication, we describe a rapid and convenient procedure for isolating and culturing primary pancreatic acinar cells from the murine pancreas. This method constitutes a valuable approach to study the physiology of fresh primary normal/untransformed exocrine pancreatic cells.

Fare Primer Pankreas Asiner Hücreleri İzolasyon ve Kültür

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one ...

Robust 3D DNA FISH Using Directly Labeled Probes

3D DNA FISH has become a major tool for analyzing three-dimensional organization of the nucleus, and several variations of the technique have been published. In this article we describe a protocol which has been optimized for robustness, reproducibility, and ease of use. Brightly fluorescent directly labeled probes are generated by nick-translation with amino-allyldUTP followed by chemical coupling of the dye. 3D DNA FISH is performed using a freeze-thaw step for cell permeabilization and a heating step for simultaneous denaturation of probe and nuclear DNA. The protocol is applicable to a range of cell types and a variety of probes (BACs, plasmids, fosmids, or Whole Chromosome Paints) and allows for high-throughput automated imaging. With this method we routinely investigate nuclear localization of up to three chromosomal regions.

We describe a robust and versatile protocol for analyzing nuclear architecture by 3D DNA FISH using directly labeled fluorescent probes.

Doğrudan Etiketli Problar kullanarak Sağlam 3D DNA BALIK

3D DNA FISH has become a major tool for  analyzing three-dimensional organization of the nucleus, and several variations  of the technique have been ...

Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue

The myofibroblast is a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining considerable attention for its critical role in many GI functions. While several myofibroblast cell lines are commercially available to study these cells in vitro, research results from a cell line exposed to experimental cell culture conditions have inherent limitations due to the overly reductionist nature of the work. Use of primary myofibroblasts offers a great advantage in terms of confirming experimental findings identified in a cell line. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from an animal model allows for the study of myofibroblasts under conditions that more closely mimic the disease state being studied. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from human colon tissue provides arguably the most relevant experimental data, since the cells come directly from patients with the underlying disease. We describe a well-established technique that can be utilized to isolate primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue. These isolated cells have been characterized to be alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin-positive, and desmin-negative, consistent with subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts. Primary myofibroblast cells can be grown in cell culture and used for experimental purposes over a limited number of passages.

The myofibroblast is an influential stromal cell of the gastrointestinal tract that regulates important physiologic processes in both normal and disease states. We describe a technique that allows for the isolation of primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue, which can be utilized for in vitro experimentation.

Fare ve İnsan Kolon Doku Primer miyofibroblastlar İzolasyonu

The myofibroblast is  a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining  considerable attention for its critical role in many GI ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an important model for cardiovascular disease research. This study demonstrates a simple method to isolate and culture endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without any special equipment. To isolate endothelial cells, the thoracic aorta is quickly removed from the mouse body, and the attached adipose tissue and connective tissue are removed from the aorta. The aorta is cut into 1 mm rings. Each aortic ring is opened and seeded onto a growth factor reduced matrix with the endothelium facing down. The segments are cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for about 4 days. The endothelial sprouting starts as early as day 2. The segments are then removed and the cells are cultured continually until they reach confluence. The endothelial cells are harvested using neutral proteinase and cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for another two passages before being used for experiments. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that after the second passage the majority of cells were double positive for Dil-ac-LDL uptake, Lectin binding, and CD31 staining, the typical characteristics of endothelial cells. It is suggested that cells at the second to third passages are suitable for in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the endothelial biology. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

The vascular endothelial cells play a significant role in many important cardiovascular disorders. This article describes a simple method to isolate and expand endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without using any special equipment. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

İzolasyon ve Fare aort endotel hücreleri İlköğretim Kültür

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin defense by forming an intact skin barrier against environmental insults, such as UVB irradiation or pathogens, and also by initiating an inflammatory response upon those insults. Here we describe methods to isolate KCs from neonatal mouse skin and from adult mouse tail skin. We also describe culturing conditions using defined growth supplements (dGS) in comparison to chelexed fetal bovine serum (cFBS). Functionally, we show that both neonatal and adult KCs are highly responsive to high calcium-induced terminal differentiation, tight junction formation and stratification. Additionally, cultured adult KCs are susceptible to UVB-triggered cell death and can release large amounts of TNF upon UVB irradiation. Together, the methods described here will be useful to researchers for the setup of in vitro models to study epidermal biology in the neonatal mouse and/or the adult mouse.

Epidermal keratinocytes form a functional skin barrier and are positioned at the front line of host defense against external environmental insults. Here we describe methods for isolation and primary culture of epidermal keratinocytes from neonatal and adult mouse skin, and induction of terminal differentiation and UVB-triggered inflammatory response from keratinocytes.

Yenidoğan ve Erişkin Fare Ciltlerindeki Primer Fare Keratinositlerin İzolasyonu ve Kültürü

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin ...

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) can lead to renal fibrosis, a major cause of&#160;chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, assessing mitochondrial function in primary TECs may provide valuable insight into the bioenergetic status of the cells, providing insight into the pathophysiology of CKD. While there are a number of complex protocols available for the isolation and purification of proximal tubules in different species, the field lacks a cost-effective method optimized for&#160;tubular cell isolation without the need for purification. Here, we provide an isolation protocol that allows for studies focusing on both primary mouse proximal and distal renal TECs. In addition to cost-effective reagents and minimal animal procedures required in this protocol, the isolated cells maintain high energy levels after isolation and can be sub-cultured up to four&#160;passages, allowing for continuous studies. Furthermore, using a high throughput extracellular flux analyzer, we assess the mitochondrial respiration directly in the isolated TECs in a 96-well plate for which we provide recommendations for the optimization of cell density and compound concentration. These observations suggest that this protocol can be used for renal tubular ex vivo studies with a consistent, well-standardized production of renal TECs. This protocol may have broader future applications to study mitochondrial dysfunction associated with renal disorders for drug discovery or drug characterization purposes.

This protocol provides a cost-effective approach to isolate and characterize mouse primary renal tubular cells that can subsequently be sub-cultured to assess renal biological functions ex vivo, including mitochondrial bioenergetics.

Yalıtım, karakterizasyonu ve yüksek işlem hacmi ekstraselüler akı analiz fare birincil Renal tübüler epitel hücresi

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) can lead to renal fibrosis, a major cause of&#160;chronic kidney disease (CKD). ...

Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos

Human implantation, the apposition and adhesion to the uterine surface epithelia and subsequent invasion of the blastocyst into the maternal decidua, is a critical yet enigmatic biological event that has been historically difficult to study due to technical and ethical limitations. Implantation is initiated by the development of the trophectoderm to early trophoblast and subsequent differentiation into distinct trophoblast sublineages. Aberrant early trophoblast differentiation may lead to implantation failure, placental pathologies, fetal abnormalities, and miscarriage. Recently, methods have been developed to allow human embryos to grow until day 13 post-fertilization in vitro in the absence of maternal tissues, a time-period that encompasses the implantation period in humans. This has given researchers the opportunity to investigate human implantation and recapitulate the dynamics of trophoblast differentiation during this critical period without confounding maternal influences and avoiding inherent obstacles to study early embryo differentiation events in vivo. To characterize different trophoblast sublineages during implantation, we have adopted existing two-dimensional (2D) extended culture methods and developed a procedure to enzymatically digest and isolate different types of trophoblast cells for downstream assays. Embryos cultured in 2D conditions have a relatively flattened morphology and may be suboptimal in modeling in vivo three-dimensional (3D) embryonic architectures. However, trophoblast differentiation seems to be less affected as demonstrated by anticipated morphology and gene expression changes over the course of extended culture. Different trophoblast sublineages, including cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast and migratory trophoblast can be separated by size, location, and temporal emergence, and used for further characterization or experimentation. Investigation of these early trophoblast cells may be instrumental in understanding human implantation, treating common placental pathologies, and mitigating the incidence of pregnancy loss.

Here, we describe a method for warming vitrified human blastocysts, culturing them through the implantation period in vitro, digesting them into single cells and collecting early trophoblast cells for further investigation.

Peri-implantasyon Aşamasında Trophoblast Hücrelerinin Tek Hücre Li Hücre Koleksiyonu İnsan Embriyoları

Human implantation, the apposition and adhesion to the uterine surface epithelia and subsequent invasion of the blastocyst into the maternal decidua, is a ...