Bu çalışma, Slovenya Araştırma Ajansı (proje J2-9770, altyapı merkezi IP-0510 ve program P2-0249) tarafından desteklenmiştir. Bu video &quot;Elektroporasyon tabanlı Teknolojileri ve Tedaviler&quot;, Slovenya Ljubljana Üniversitesi Elektrik Mühendisliği Fakültesi tarafından düzenlenen bilimsel atölye ve lisansüstü ders, ek malzeme temsil eder. Yazarlar nazik plazmid DNA sağlamak için de DUSA Hodzic teşekkür ederiz.

1. Hücre kültürü, plazmid ve deney için hazırlanması tampon <ol><li> Bu deneyde Çin hamsteri over hücresi (CHO-K1) kullanılır. Hücreler 2 mM L-glutamin,% 10 fetal sığır serumu, 400 ul / lt gentamisin (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Deisenhofen, Almanya), ve 1 ile desteklenmiş bir besin karışımı HAM-F12 (PAA) yetiştirilen ml / l crystacilin (Pliva&#39;nın, Zagreb, Hırvatistan). Hücreler 37 ° C, 24 saat için inkübatör nemlendirilmiş bir% 5 CO 2 atmosfer &#39;de tutulur. </li><li> Amplify plazmid pEGFP-N1 (Clontech Laboratories Inc, Mountain View, CA, USA), yeşil floresan protein (GFP), Escherichia coli DH5α suşu kodlama ve HiSpeed ​​Plazmid Maxi Kiti (Qiagen, Hilden, Almanya) ile izole. Plazmid DNA konsantrasyonu (plazmid TE tampon çözünmüş) 260 nm&#39;de spektrofotometrik olarak belirlenir ve jel elektroforezi tarafından teyit edilmelidir. </li><li> Isoosmolar sodyum fosfat tamponu (10 mM Na 2 HPO 4, 10 mM NaH 2 PO 4, 1 mM MgCl 2, 250 mM sakkaroz, pH 7.4) hazırlayın. </li><li> Deney günü% 0.25 tripsin / EDTA solüsyonu (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Deisenhofen, Almanya) ile trypsinization hücre süspansiyonu hazırlamak. 4 1000 rpm (180 xg) 5 dakika Santrifüj hücreleri ° C (Sigma, Almanya) ve bir hücre yoğunluğu 5 x 10 6 hücre / ml isoosmolar sodyum fosfat tamponu tekrar süspansiyon hücre pelletini. </li></ol> 2. Donanıma <ol><li> Hücreler, bir yüksek gerilim prototip jeneratörüne bağlı entegre elektrotları ile pipet elektrik alanı (Şekil 1) maruz kalmaktadır. Ucu ve elektrot geometrisi, görece homojen bir elektrik alanı uygulama sağlar ve jeneratör, elektrik darbeleri farklı yönlere teslim sağlar. Ucu ve jeneratör Biocybernetics Laboratuvarı, Elektrik Mühendisliği Fakültesi, Ljubljana 1 Üniversitesi geliştirilmiştir. </li></ol><img src="/files/ftp_upload/3309/3309fig1.jpg" alt="Şekil 1"/> Şekil 1: Dikey ve yatay (a), kesit ve fotoğraf (b) entegre elektrotlar ile pipet . Kesiti gri renkli plastik gövde ve siyah elektrotlar için kullanılır. Entegre elektrotlar ile pipet dört silindirik çubuk elektrotlar oluşur. Elektrotlar paslanmaz çelikten imal edilmiş, kendi çapı bitişik elektrotlar arasındaki mesafe 1 mm ve karşıt elektrot dışında 2 mm, 1.4 mm. Elektrotlar paralel olarak plastik ucu içine yapıştırılmış ve bunların uygulanabilir uzunluğu 30 mm 2. 3. Gene electrotransfer protokolü <ol><li> Konsantrasyonu 10 mg / ml hücre süspansiyonu plazmid pEGFP-N1 ekleyin. </li><li> Elektrik darbeleri uygulamadan önce karışımı oda sıcaklığında 2-3 dakika inkübe edin. </li><li> Aspire 100 ul pipet içine entegre elektrotlar ile hücre süspansiyonu. </li><li> En iyi gen electrotransfer etkinliğini sağlamak ve hücre canlılığını korumak için, elektrik darbeleri optimal parametreleri kullanılmalıdır. Bu deneyde bir tren 8 dikdörtgen bakliyat (her 1 ms 1 Hz tekrarlama frekansı, genliği 225 V süresi ile), yüksek voltaj prototip jeneratörü kullanarak, her bir örnek uygulanır. İki farklı elektrik alan protokolleri (Şekil 2) kullanılır: alternatif elektrik alanın yönü ve yönünü değiştirerek ikinci protokol bakliyat teslim edilir ise ilk protokol tüm bakliyat, aynı yönde teslim edilir. Ikinci protokolü sadece uygun darbe jeneratörü, elektrik darbeleri farklı yönlere uygulama olanağı sağlar kullanılabilir. </li><li> 6 plaka darbe uygulama pipet ucu hücreleri transferi ve hemen sonra eklemek fetal buzağı serumu (FCS-Sigma, USA) (örnek hacmi% 25). </li><li> 5 dakika boyunca 37 ° hücreleri ° C&#39;de hücre zarı mühürlenirken izin. </li><li> Her bir örnek de 6 HAM-F12 2 ml ekleyin ve hücreler 24 saat için 37 ° ° C inkübatör nemlendirilmiş bir% 5 CO 2 atmosferde inkübe edin . </li></ol><img src="/files/ftp_upload/3309/3309fig2.jpg" alt="Şekil 2"/> Şekil 2. Elektrik alan protokoller: (a) Tüm bakliyat aynı yönde teslim edilir, (b) bakliyat, alternatif elektrik alanın yönü ve yönünü değiştirerek teslim edilir . 4. Görüntü toplama ve gen electrotransfer etkinliğinin belirlenmesi <ol><li> Gen electrotransfer etkinliği GFP darbe uygulamasından sonra 24 saat ifade hücrelerin yüzdesi olarak belirlenir. </li><li> Hücreleri uyarma ışık ile 488 nm dalga boyunda bir monokromatör sistemi (polikrom IV Visitron, Almanya) ve 507 nm dalga boyunda emisyon algılanır ile oluşturulan (bizim durumumuzda Zeiss 200, Axiovert, ZR Almanya) bir floresan mikroskop kullanılarak görülmektedir. Görüntü görüntüleme sistemi (MetaMorph görüntüleme sistemi, Visitr kullanılarak kaydedildi.açık, Almanya), ancak diğer benzer satın alma yazılımı da kullanılabilir. </li><li> En az beş görüntüleri (faz kontrast ve yeşil floresan), 20x amacı büyütme edinin. </li><li> Faz kontrast görüntü ve yeşil floresan görüntü GFP ifade hücreleri hücre sayımı. Her ilgili resim tüm hücrelerin sayısı (Şekil 3), GFP ifade hücrelerinin sayısına bölünmesiyle gen electrotransfer etkinliğinin yüzdesi belirleyin. </li></ol> 5. Temsilcisi sonuçları: <img src="/files/ftp_upload/3309/3309fig3.jpg" alt="Şekil 3"/> Şekil 3 tüm bakliyat, aynı yönde teslim edilir ve bakliyat, alternatif elektrik alanın yönünü değiştirerek ve yönlendirme sunulmaktadır teslim edildiğinde GFP ifade hücrelerin yüzdesi. Hücreler genlik 225 V, süresi 1 ms ve tekrarlama sıklığı 1 Hz sekiz bakliyat bir tren maruz kaldılar. Sonuçlar floresan mikroskopi sayesinde elde edilmiştir. Grafikte her değer, üç bağımsız deneyler ± standart sapma, ortalama temsil eder. Elektrik alanın yönü ve yönlendirmesi GFP artar ifade hücrelerinin yüzdesini değiştirerek.

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	<li>Rebersek, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electroporator+with+automatic+change+of+electric+field+direction+improves+gene+electrotransfer+in-vitro.">Electroporator with automatic change of electric field direction improves gene electrotransfer in-vitro.</a> Biomed Eng Online. 6, 25-25 (2007).</li><li>Trontelj, K., Rebersek, M., Miklavcic, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tip+electrode+chamber+for+small+volume+electroporation,+electrofusion,+and+gene+transfection.">Tip electrode chamber for small volume electroporation, electrofusion, and gene transfection.</a> 18, (2006).</li><li>Neumann, E., Schaefer-Ridder, M., Wang, Y., Hofschneider, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+transfer+into+mouse+lyoma+cells+by+electroporation+in+high+electric+fields.">Gene transfer into mouse lyoma cells by electroporation in high electric fields.</a> EMBO J. 1, 841-841 (1982).</li><li>Daud, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+I+trial+of+interleukin-12+plasmid+electroporation+in+patients+with+metastatic+melanoma.">Phase I trial of interleukin-12 plasmid electroporation in patients with metastatic melanoma.</a> J Clin Oncol. 26, 5896-5903 (2008).</li><li>Pavlin, M., Miklavcic, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effective+conductivity+of+a+suspension+of+permeabilized+cells:+a+theoretical+analysis.">Effective conductivity of a suspension of permeabilized cells: a theoretical analysis.</a> Biophys J. 85, 719-729 (2003).</li><li>Xie, T., Sun, L., Zhao, H., Fuchs, J., Tsong, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+of+mechanisms+of+electric+field-induced+DNA+transfection.+IV.+Effects+of+DNA+topology+on+cell+uptake+and+transfection+efficiency.">Study of mechanisms of electric field-induced DNA transfection. 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Çıkar çatışması ilan etti.

Gene electrotransfer kısa, yüksek gerilim elektrik darbeleri 3 uygulanması yoluyla hücre içine DNA transferi sağlar ve güvenilirliği, etkinliği ve uygulama kolaylığı nedeniyle viral vektörlerin daha güvenli bir alternatif temsil eden çok yönlü bir biyoteknoloji tekniktir . Bugün gen electrotransfer 4 bildirilmiştir hücreleri ve ilk aşaması bu yöntemi kullanarak her türlü klinik çalışma transfect yaygın kullanılmasına rağmen, altta yatan mekanizmalar hala tam olarak a...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Reaktifin Adı </td><td> Şirket </td><td> Katalog numarası </td><td> Yorumlar </td></tr><tr><td> HAM-F12 </td><td> PAA </td><td> E15-016 </td><td> kültür ortamı </td></tr><tr><td> L-glutamin </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> G7513 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> fetal sığır serumu </td><td> PAA </td><td> A15-151 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> gentamisin </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> G1397 </td><td> antibiyotik </td></tr><tr><td> crystacilin </td><td> Pliva&#39;nın </td><td> 625110 </td><td> antibiyotik </td></tr><tr><td> pEGFP-N1 </td><td> Clontech Laboratuvarları </td><td> 6085-1 </td><td> plazmid DNA </td></tr><tr><td> HiSpeed ​​Plazmid Maxi Seti </td><td> Qiagen </td><td> 12662 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Na 2 HPO 4 </td><td> Merck </td><td> F640786 933 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> NaH 2 PO 4 </td><td> TKİ Hrastnik </td><td> 0795 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> MgCl 2 </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> M-8266 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> sakaroz </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> 16104 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> tripsin / EDTA çözeltisi </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> T4174 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> pipet </td><td> Ismarlama </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> elektrik darbe jeneratörü </td><td> Ismarlama </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 6 plaka </td><td> DYP </td><td> 92406 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 15 ml santrifüj tüpüne </td><td> DYP </td><td> 91015 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 75 cm 2 kültür şişelerinde </td><td> DYP </td><td> 90076 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

changing the direction and orientation of electric field during electric pulses application improves plasmid gene transfer in vitro

Gene electrotransfer küçük moleküllere geçirgen hücre zarı istikrarsızlaştırma neden kısa ve yoğun elektrik bakliyat, uygulama hücrelerin içine genleri teslim etmek için kullanılan fiziksel bir yöntemdir ve DNA gibi büyük moleküllerin transferi sağlar. Bu viral vektörlerin, güvenlik, etkinlik ve uygulama kolaylığı nedeniyle alternatif bir temsil eder. Gen electrotransfer için farklı elektrik nabız protokolleri bunlardan biri darbe doğum sırasında, elektrik alanın yönü ve yönlendirmesi değişiyor, maksimum gen transfeksiyon elde etmek için kullanılır. Elektrik alanın yönü ve yönünün değiştirilmesi hücre içine DNA giriş için yetkili membran alanını artırmak. Bu video, tüm bakliyat aynı yönde teslim edilir ve bakliyat alternatif elektrik alanın yönü ve yönünü değiştirerek teslim edildiğinde gen electrotransfer etkinliği farklılık göstermektedir. Entegre elektrotlar ve elektrik nabız uygulama sırasında farklı yönlere elektrik alan değişimi sağlayan yüksek gerilim prototip jeneratör, bu amaçla ucu için kullanılmıştır. Gene electrotransfer etkinliği, tüm hücrelerin sayısı ile bölünmüş yeşil flüoresan protein eksprese eden hücrelerin sayısı olarak darbe uygulaması 24 saat sonra tespit edilir. Elektrik nabız teslimat sırasında elektrik alan yönü değiştiğinde gen transfeksiyon arttığını göstermektedir.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro at JoVE.com

Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

Darbe uygulama sırasında elektrik alanın yönü değiştiğinde elektroporasyon Gen transfeksiyon yaklaşık iki kat artar, hücre canlılığı etkilenen değildir. Gen transfeksiyon artış hücre içine DNA giriş için yetkili yapılır membran alanı artışı neden olur.

Elektrik Bakliyat Uygulama sırasında Yön ve Elektrik Alan yönelimi değiştirme Plazmid Gen Transferi artırır In vitro</em

Gene electrotransfer is a physical method used to deliver genes into the cells by application of short and intense electric pulses, which cause ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

10.4K Görüntüleme.  University of Ljubljana. Darbe uygulama sırasında elektrik alanın yönü değiştiğinde elektroporasyon Gen transfeksiyon yaklaşık iki kat artar, hücre canlılığı etkilenen değildir. Gen transfeksiyon artış hücre içine DNA giriş için yetkili yapılır membran alanı artışı neden olur.

Video: Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice

Culturing retinoblastoma tumor cells in defined stem cell media gives rise to primary tumorspheres that can be grown and maintained for only a limited time. These cultured tumorspheres may exhibit markedly different cellular phenotypes when compared to the original tumors. Demonstration that cultured cells have the capability of forming new tumors is important to ensure that cultured cells model the biology of the original tumor. 
Here we present a protocol for propagating human retinoblastoma tumors in vivo using Rag2-/- immune deficient mice. Cultured human retinoblastoma tumorspheres of low passage or cells obtained from freshly harvested human retinoblastoma tumors injected directly into the vitreous cavity of murine eyes form tumors within 2-4 weeks. These tumors can be harvested and either further passaged into murine eyes in vivo or grown as tumorspheres in vitro. Propagation has been successfully carried out for at least three passages thus establishing a continuing source of human retinoblastoma tissue for further experimentation. 
Wesley S. Bond and Lalita Wadhwa are co-first authors.

A method is described to propagate human retinoblastoma tumors in mice. Tumor cells are directly injected into the eyes of immune deficient mice. Secondary tumors have been successfully established using both cells directly harvested from human tumors and cultured tumorspheres.

Bağışıklık Eksik Fare Kuruluş ve İnsan Retinoblastom Tümörler yayılımı

Culturing retinoblastoma tumor cells in defined stem cell media gives rise to primary tumorspheres that can be grown and maintained for only a limited ...

Tıp

Gene Transfer for Ischemic Heart Failure in a Preclinical Model

Various emerging technologies are being developed for patients with heart failure. Well-established preclinical evaluations are necessary to determine their efficacy and safety.
Gene therapy using viral vectors is one of the most promising approaches for treating cardiac diseases. Viral delivery of various different genes by changing the carrier gene has immeasurable therapeutic potential.
In this video, the full process of an animal model of heart failure creation followed by gene transfer is presented using a swine model. First, myocardial infarction is created by occluding the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. Heart remodeling results in chronic heart failure. Unique to our model is a fairly large scar which truly reflects patients with severe heart failure who require aggressive therapy for positive outcomes. After myocardial infarct creation and development of scar tissue, an intracoronary injection of virus is demonstrated with simultaneous nitroglycerine infusion. Our injection method provides simple and efficient gene transfer with enhanced gene expression. This combination of a myocardial infarct swine model with intracoronary virus delivery has proven to be a consistent and reproducible methodology, which helps not only to test the effect of individual gene, but also compare the efficacy of many genes as therapeutic candidates.

A method of gene transfer for the treatment of ischemic heart failure is described using a swine model of myocardial infarction. Our simple and reproducible method enables us to readily evaluate the efficacy of various gene transfers with a very simple and reproducible way.

Klinik öncesi Model İskemik Kalp Yetmezliği Gen Transferi

Various emerging technologies are being developed for patients with heart failure. Well-established preclinical evaluations are necessary to determine ...

Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cancers

Reactive oxygen species include a number of molecules that damage DNA and RNA and oxidize proteins and lipids (lipid peroxydation). These reactive molecules contain an oxygen and include H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), NO (nitric oxide), O2- (oxide anion), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), hydrochlorous acid (HOCl), and hydroxyl radical (OH-).
Oxidative species are produced not only under pathological situations (cancers, ischemic/reperfusion, neurologic and cardiovascular pathologies, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases 1, autoimmune diseases 2, etc&hellip;) but also during physiological (non-pathological) situations such as cellular metabolism 3, 4. Indeed, ROS play important roles in many cellular signaling pathways (proliferation, cell activation 5, 6, migration 7 etc..). ROS can be detrimental (it is then referred to as "oxidative and nitrosative stress") when produced in high amounts in the intracellular compartments and cells generally respond to ROS by upregulating antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) that protects them by converting dangerous free radicals to harmless molecules (i.e. water). Vitamins C and E have also been described as ROS scavengers (antioxidants).
Free radicals are beneficial in low amounts 3. Macrophage and neutrophils-mediated immune responses involve the production and release of NO, which inhibits viruses, pathogens and tumor proliferation 8. NO also reacts with other ROS and thus, also has a role as a detoxifier (ROS scavenger). Finally NO acts on vessels to regulate blood flow which is important for the adaptation of muscle to prolonged exercise 9, 10. Several publications have also demonstrated that ROS are involved in insulin sensitivity 11, 12.
Numerous methods to evaluate ROS production are available. In this article we propose several simple, fast, and affordable assays; these assays have been validated by many publications and are routinely used to detect ROS or its effects in mammalian cells. While some of these assays detect multiple ROS, others detect only a single ROS.

Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS in Cancers

Here we propose simple methods to test and evaluate the presence of reactive oxygen species in cells.

Kanserler Üretim ve reaktif oksijen türlerinin (ROS Algılama)

Reactive oxygen species include a number of molecules that damage DNA and RNA and oxidize proteins and lipids (lipid peroxydation). These reactive ...

Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD

Identification of biomarkers representing the evolution of the pathophysiology of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is vitally important, not only for objective diagnosis but also for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and resilience to trauma. Ongoing research is directed at identifying molecular biomarkers for PTSD, including traumatic stress induced proteins, transcriptomes, genomic variances and genetic modulators, using biologic samples from subjects' blood, saliva, urine, and postmortem brain tissues. However, the correlation of these biomarker molecules in peripheral or postmortem samples to altered brain functions associated with psychiatric symptoms in PTSD remains unresolved. Here, we present an animal model of PTSD in which both peripheral blood and central brain biomarkers, as well as behavioral phenotype, can be collected and measured, thus providing the needed correlation of the central biomarkers of PTSD, which are mechanistic and pathognomonic but cannot be collected from people, with the peripheral biomarkers and behavioral phenotypes, which can.
Our animal model of PTSD employs restraint and tail shocks repeated for three continuous days - the inescapable tail-shock model (ITS) in rats. This ITS model mimics the pathophysiology of PTSD 17, 7, 4, 10. We and others have verified that the ITS model induces behavioral and neurobiological alterations similar to those found in PTSD subjects 17, 7, 10, 9. Specifically, these stressed rats exhibit (1) a delayed and exaggerated startle response appearing several days after stressor cessation, which given the compressed time scale of the rat's life compared to a humans, corresponds to the one to three months delay of symptoms in PTSD patients (DSM-IV-TR PTSD Criterian D/E 13), (2) enhanced plasma corticosterone (CORT) for several days, indicating compromise of the hypothalamopituitary axis (HPA), and (3) retarded body weight gain after stressor cessation, indicating dysfunction of metabolic regulation.
The experimental paradigms employed for this model are: (1) a learned helplessness paradigm in the rat assayed by measurement of acoustic startle response (ASR) and a charting of body mass; (2) microdissection of the rat brain into regions and nuclei; (3) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for blood levels of CORT; (4) a gene expression microarray plus related bioinformatics tools 18. This microarray, dubbed rMNChip, focuses on mitochondrial and mitochondria-related nuclear genes in the rat so as to specifically address the neuronal bioenergetics hypothesized to be involved in PTSD.

We describe a rat model of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that reveals the persistent alterations in neuroendocrine function and the delayed long-term, exaggerated fear response, characteristic of PTSD patients. The animal model and methods described here are useful for correlating biomarkers in brain nuclei, which are mechanistic but cannot be measured in patients, with biomarkers in peripheral white blood cells, which can.

TSSB, Nöral Hematolojik ve Davranış Bağlantılı Revealing için Hayvan Modelinde Biyobelirteçler

Identification of biomarkers representing the evolution of the pathophysiology of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is vitally important, not only for ...

Neo-Islet Formation in Liver of Diabetic Mice by Helper-dependent Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer

Type 1 diabetes is caused by T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Until now insulin replacement is still the major therapy, because islet transplantation has been limited by donor availability and by the need for long-term immunosuppression. Induced islet neogenesis by gene transfer of Neuogenin3 (Ngn3), the islet lineage-defining specific transcription factor and Betacellulin (Btc), an islet growth factor has the potential to cure type 1 diabetes.
Adenoviral vectors (Ads) are highly efficient gene transfer vector; however, early generation Ads have several disadvantages for in vivo use. Helper-dependent Ads (HDAds) are the most advanced Ads that were developed to improve the safety profile of early generation of Ads and to prolong transgene expression1. They lack chronic toxicity because they lack viral coding sequences2-5 and retain only Ad cis elements necessary for vector replication and packaging. This allows cloning of up to 36 kb genes.
In this protocol, we describe the method to generate HDAd-Ngn3 and HDAd-Btc and to deliver these vectors into STZ-induced diabetic mice. Our results show that co-injection of HDAd-Ngn3 and HDAd-Btc induces 'neo islets' in the liver and reverses hyperglycemia in diabetic mice.

We describe hepatic neo-islet formation in STZ (streptozotocin)-induced diabetic mice by gene transfer of Neurogenin3 (Ngn3) and Betacellulin (Btc) using helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HDAd) and the reversal of hyperglycemia. Our method takes advantages of helper-dependent adenoviral vectors with their highly efficient in vivo transduction and the long lasting gene expression.

Helper bağımlı adenoviral vektör-Gen Transferi ile Diyabetik Sıçanların Karaciğerinde Neo-Islet Oluşumu

Type 1 diabetes is caused by T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Until now insulin replacement is still the ...

Vascular Gene Transfer from Metallic Stent Surfaces Using Adenoviral Vectors Tethered through Hydrolysable Cross-linkers

In-stent restenosis presents a major complication of stent-based revascularization procedures widely used to re-establish blood flow through critically narrowed segments of coronary and peripheral arteries. Endovascular stents capable of tunable release of genes with anti-restenotic activity may present an alternative strategy to presently used drug-eluting stents. In order to attain clinical translation, gene-eluting stents must exhibit predictable kinetics of stent-immobilized gene vector release and site-specific transduction of vasculature, while avoiding an excessive inflammatory response typically associated with the polymer coatings used for physical entrapment of the vector. This paper describes a detailed methodology for coatless tethering of adenoviral gene vectors to stents based on a reversible binding of the adenoviral particles to polyallylamine bisphosphonate (PABT)-modified stainless steel surface via hydrolysable cross-linkers (HC). A family of bifunctional (amine- and thiol-reactive) HC with an average t1/2 of the in-chain ester hydrolysis ranging between 5 and 50 days were used to link the vector with the stent. The vector immobilization procedure is typically carried out within 9 hr&#160;and consists of several steps: 1) incubation of the metal samples in an aqueous solution of PABT (4 hr); 2) deprotection of thiol groups installed in PABT with tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (20 min); 3) expansion of thiol reactive capacity of the metal surface by reacting the samples with polyethyleneimine derivatized with pyridyldithio (PDT) groups (2 hr); 4) conversion of PDT groups to thiols with dithiothreitol (10 min); 5) modification of adenoviruses with HC (1 hr); 6) purification of modified adenoviral particles by size-exclusion column chromatography (15 min) and 7) immobilization of thiol-reactive adenoviral particles on the thiolated steel surface (1 hr). This technique has wide potential applicability beyond stents, by facilitating surface engineering of bioprosthetic devices to enhance their biocompatibility through the substrate-mediated gene delivery to the cells interfacing the implanted foreign material.

These studies report on reversible attachment of adenoviral gene vectors to coatless metal surfaces of stents and model mesh disks. Sustained release of transduction-competent viral particles contingent upon hydrolysis of cross-linkers used for vector immobilization results in a durable site-specific transgene expression in vascular cells and in stented arteries.

Hidrolize Çapraz bağlayıcılar yoluyla Adenoviral vektörler gergin kullanma Metalik Stent Yüzeylerden Vasküler Gen Transferi

In-stent restenosis presents a major complication of stent-based revascularization procedures widely used to re-establish blood flow through critically ...

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Differentiation and activation of osteoclasts play a key role in the development of musculoskeletal diseases as these cells are primarily involved in bone resorption. Osteoclasts can be generated in vitro from monocyte/macrophage precursor cells in the presence of certain cytokines, which promote survival and differentiation. Here, both in vivo and in vitro techniques are demonstrated, which allow scientists to study different cytokine contributions towards osteoclast differentiation, signaling, and activation. The minicircle DNA delivery gene transfer system provides an alternative method to establish an osteoporosis-related model is particularly useful to study the efficacy of various pharmacological inhibitors in vivo. Similarly, in vitro culturing protocols for producing osteoclasts from human precursor cells in the presence of specific cytokines enables scientists to study osteoclastogenesis in human cells for translational applications. Combined, these techniques have the potential to accelerate drug discovery efforts for osteoclast-specific targeted therapeutics, which may benefit millions of osteoporosis and arthritis patients worldwide.

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Differentiation of precursor cells into osteoclasts is regulated by cytokines and growth factors. Here, a novel gene transfer technique for differentiation of osteoclasts in vivo and cell culture protocols for differentiating precursor cells into osteoclasts in vitro as a method to study the effects of cytokines on osteoclastogenesis are described.

Bir Roman<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Gen Transferi Tekniği ve<em&gt; In vitro</emİskelet Hastalıkları Kemik Kaybı Çalışmaları&gt; Hücre Tabanlı Tahliller

Differentiation and activation of osteoclasts play a key role in the development of musculoskeletal diseases as these cells are primarily involved in bone ...

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease affecting distal pulmonary arteries (PA). These arteries are deformed, leading to right ventricular failure. Current treatments are limited. Physiologically, pulsatile blood flow is detrimental to the vasculature. In response to sustained pulsatile stress, vessels release nitric oxide (NO) to induce vasodilation for self-protection. Based on this observation, this study developed a protocol to assess whether an artificial pulmonary pulsatile blood flow could induce an NO-dependent decrease in pulmonary artery pressure. One group of piglets was exposed to chronic hypoxia for 3 weeks and compared to a control group of piglets. Once a week, the piglets underwent echocardiography to assess PAH severity. At the end of hypoxia exposure, the piglets were subjected to a pulsatile protocol using a pulsatile catheter. After being anesthetized and prepared for surgery, the jugular vein of the piglet was isolated and the catheter was introduced through the right atrium, the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, under radioscopic control. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was measured before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 30 min after (T2) the pulsatile protocol. It was demonstrated that this pulsatile protocol is a safe and efficient method of inducing a significant reduction in mean PAP via an NO-dependent mechanism. These data open up new avenues for the clinical management of PAH.

Pulmonary hypertension is associated with a significant reduction in pulmonary artery pulsatility, contractility and elasticity, contributing to an increase in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary resistance. Using a hypoxic piglet model, this study demonstrated that improving pulmonary artery plasticity using a newly developed pulsatile catheter improves hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Artan Pulmoner Arter Pulsatif Akış Piglets içinde Hipoksik Pulmoner Hipertansiyon Artırır

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease affecting distal pulmonary arteries (PA). These arteries are deformed, leading to right ventricular ...

Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Hip weakness is a common symptom affecting walking ability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is known that resistance strength training (RST) can improve strength in individuals with MS, however; it remains unclear the duration of RST that is needed to make strength gains and how to adapt hip strengthening exercises for individuals of varying strength using only resistance bands. This paper describes the methodology to set up and implement an adapted resistance strength training program, using resistance bands, for individuals with MS. Directions for pre- and post-strength tests to evaluate efficacy of the strength-training program are included. Safety features and detailed instructions outline the weekly program content and progression. Current evidence is presented showing that significant strength gains can be made within 8 weeks of starting a RST program. Evidence is also presented showing that resistance strength training can be successfully adapted for individuals with MS of varying strength with little equipment.

Hip weakness is a common symptom affecting walking ability in people with multiple sclerosis. Isolated muscle strengthening is a useful method to target specific weaknesses. This protocol describes a progressive resistance-training program using exercise bands to increase hip muscle strength.

Uyarlama Direniş Eğitim Multipl Skleroz Bireylerde Sekiz Hafta içinde Gücü Artırır

Hip weakness is a common symptom affecting walking ability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is known that resistance strength training (RST) can ...

Depletion of Mouse Cells from Human Tumor Xenografts Significantly Improves Downstream Analysis of Target Cells

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic patient tumors in different assays1. Human tumor xenografts represent the gold standard with respect to tumor biology, drug discovery, and metastasis research 2-4. Tumor xenografts can be derived from different types of material like tumor cell lines, tumor tissue from primary patient tumors4 or serially transplanted tumors. When propagated in vivo, xenografted tissue is infiltrated and vascularized by cells of mouse origin. Multiple factors such as the tumor entity, the origin of xenografted material, growth rate and region of transplantation influence the composition and the amount of mouse cells present in tumor xenografts. However, even when these factors are kept constant, the degree of mouse cell contamination is highly variable.
Contaminating mouse cells significantly impair downstream analyses of human tumor xenografts. As mouse fibroblasts show high plating efficacies and proliferation rates, they tend to overgrow cultures of human tumor cells, especially slowly proliferating subpopulations. Mouse cell derived DNA, mRNA, and protein components can bias downstream gene expression analysis, next-generation sequencing, as well as proteome analysis 5. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a fast and easy method to isolate untouched human tumor cells from xenografted tumor tissue. This procedure is based on the comprehensive depletion of cells of mouse origin by combining automated tissue dissociation with the benchtop tissue dissociator and magnetic cell sorting. Here, we demonstrate that human target cells can be can be obtained with purities higher than 96% within less than 20 min independent of the tumor type.

Human tumor xenografts are vascularized and infiltrated by cells of mouse origin during the growth phase in vivo. To circumvent the bias caused by these contaminating cells during downstream analysis, we developed a method allowing for comprehensive depletion of all mouse cells by magnetic cell sorting.

İnsan Tümör ksenogratflarının gelen Fare Hücrelerinin tükenmesi Anlamlı Hedef Hücre Alt Analizi geliştirir

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic ...