Bu çalışma NIH R01 HL093183 HL088434, HL071763, HL080498, HL083156 ve P20HL100396 (RJH) tarafından, Caerus ağ (RJH) yoluyla Leducq Vakfı tarafından desteklenmektedir. DL Alman Araştırma Vakfı tarafından desteklenmiştir. Lauren Leonardson Biz bu projeye teknik destek için teşekkür etmek istiyorum.

1. Miyokard infarktüsü oluşturma <ol><li> Hayvan Biyoteknoloji Sanayi (Doylestown, PA) Kadın Yorkshire domuz (20kg) Telazol (tiletamine / zolazepam) (8.0 mg / kg) ve Buprenorfin (0.6 mg) kullanarak pre-ilaçlı. </li><li> Hayvanlar% 100 oksijen ile entübe ve sonra havalandırılan. Genel anestezi işlem boyunca Propofol (5-8mg/kg/hr) ile korunur. </li><li> Femur site povidon iyot,% 70 izopropil alkol ile hazırlanır. Bir perkütan ponksiyon arter erişim ve kılıf yerleşim için sağlar. Kılıf ekleme sonra, 3000-5000 IU heparin IV 250-300 saniye aktive edilmiş pıhtılaşma zamanında korumak için uygulanır. </li><li> Amiodaron (75 mg) bolus doz intramüsküler olarak uygulanır. Amiodaron (75 mg), Atropin (2 mg) ve potasyum asetat (20 mEq) ile 1000 ml serum fizyolojik çanta intravenöz enjeksiyon başladı ve işlem boyunca 150 ml / saat oranı kullanılarak korunur. </li><li> 7 Fr hokey sopası kateter (Cordis, Miami, FL), sol koroner arter için gelişmiş ve koroner anjiyografi uygulandı. 0.014 inç kılavuz tel (Abbott Park, IL), sol ön inen koroner arter (LAD) içine ilerletilir. 8 mm uzunluğunda, 4.0 mm VOYAGER üzerinden tel balon (Abbott Park, IL) gelişmiş ve konumlandırılmış proksimal LAD ve 3 atm koroner balon şişirilir. LAD Tıkanıklığı anjiyogram tarafından teyit edilir. </li><li> Sürekli elektrokardiyografi ve hemodinamik izleme, tıkanma, 90 dakika süreyle muhafaza edilir. Malign ventriküler aritmiler zaman zaman uygulanan bu durumda, 300 J, 200 J akım şokların hemen teslim, ilk 40 dakika içinde oluşabilir. Genellikle aritmi iki pik zaman dilimlerini, bir adet 2 ila 10 dakika ve balon şişirme sonra 25 ve 35 dakika arasında bulunmaktadır. Yılından bu yana% 95 den fazla kare belirtilen süre içinde ventriküler fibrilasyon girme insidansı vardır Diligent izleme ve acil defibrilasyon başarılı miyokard infarktüsü yaratılmasına önemli. Derhal ve uygun bir defibrilasyon yapılırsa, hayatta kalma oranı çok yüksektir. Kan basıncı 80 mmHg altına düşerse, hacim yükü hızlı intravenöz serum fizyolojik infüzyonu ile gerçekleştirilir. </li><li> Balon söndürülmeli ve tüm cihazlar kaldırılır. </li><li> Kılıf femoral arterden kaldırılır, anestezi tevkif edilen ve hayvan kurtarma sırasında izlenir. Amiodaron, atropin ve Potasyum Asetat infüzyonu ile intravenöz serum fizyolojik 50 ml / saat hızla azalır ve bir gecede verilir. Nitroglycerline ve Furoscemide intramüsküler enjeksiyonlar uygulanır. Sonra hayvan kurtarmak için izin verilir ve dikkatli EKG izlenmesi en az 3 saat boyunca devam eder. </li><li> Aspirin (200mg) PO beş gün verilecektir. </li></ol> Miyokard infarktüsü oluşturma işlemi sırasında ve sonrasında sık görülen komplikasyonlar, koroner diseksiyon, delinme sitesi hematom, aritmi ve kalp yetmezliği. Bir tekniği rafine ve kapsamlı izleme Bu komplikasyonları önlemek ve yönetmek için gereklidir. 2. Virüs Enjeksiyon <ol><li> Hayvanlar, miyokard infarktüsü oluşturma steps1-3, yukarıda belirtildiği gibi hazırlanır. Aynı doz heparin, virüs enjeksiyonu sırasında tromboz önlemek için verilmelidir. </li><li> 5Fr bir hokey sopa kateter (Cordis, Miami, FL), sol koroner arterin ileri düzeydedir. Anjiyogram sonra 0.014 inç kılavuz tellerin iki, içine bir LAD ve içine bir kateter pozisyonunu düzeltmek için sol sirkumfleks koroner arter (LCX) gelişmiş. </li><li> Arteryel kan (-20 ml) kateter çekilir. Infüzyon sırasında iskemi önlemek için, yarım seyreltilmiş kan çözümü için kullanılır. Virüs, 10 ml kan ile karışık ve 20 ml serum fizyolojik ile seyreltilir. Kalan 10 ml, 20 ml seyreltilmiş ve kateter lümeni içinde kalan virüs teslim. </li><li> İntravenöz nitrogliserin (20 mikrogram / dk) kulak damar yoluyla başlatılır. </li><li> Kateter ucu proksimal sol ana yolu yer almaktadır. Kateter yoluyla basınç kateteri wedging olmadığından emin olmak için takip edilmektedir. </li><li> Virüs karışık kan (15 ml), sol koroner arter içine bir infüzyon pompası kullanarak 15 dakika içinde kateter aracılığı ile enjekte edilir. 15 dakika sonra şırıngayı temizlemek için değiştirilir ve infüzyon, 10 dakika boyunca devam eder. </li><li> Bir tel ve kateter sağ koroner arter, sol koroner arter aynı şekilde sabittir. </li><li> Virüs ile karışık kan kalan 5 ml floş 10 dakika 5 dakika boyunca sağ koroner arter içine enjekte edilir. </li></ol> 3. Temsilcisi Vaka Şekil 1, miyokard infarktüsü oluşturma sonrası 1 ay sol ventrikül gösterir. Sol ventrikül duvar hareket ejeksiyon fraksiyonu (EF) ile önemli ölçüde bozulur% 31. Şekil 2&#39;de, 1 ay sonra sol ventrikül kesitlerini göstermektedir. Ön duvar tabanından zirvesine büyük bir yara görülmektedir. Bu modelde 1 ay sonra miyokard infarktüsü ortalama EF% 36 ve miyokard infarktüsü olmadan aynı büyüklükte hayvan olanların ortalama sırasıyla% 68 ve 42 ml ise ortalama diyastol sonu hacmi, 83 ml. Şekil 3 beta-gal ifade adeno-ilişkili virüs enjeksiyonu (2 x 10 12 rAAV1 CMV Lac-Z DNAz durabileceğiniz parçacıklar) 1 ay sonra sol ventrikül sınır bölgesi alanda gösterir. Gelişmiş bir ifade virüs enjekte alanda bulundu. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2778/2778fig1.jpg" alt="Şekil 1" /> Şekil 1. Ejeksiyon fraksiyonu, miyokard infarktüsü oluşturma 1 ay sonra sol ventrikül ölçülür . Sol ventrikül 92.5 ml dilate ve anterior duvar hareket önemli ölçüde bozulur. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2778/2778fig2.jpg" alt="Şekil 2" /> Şekil 2 miyokard infarktüsü oluşturulduktan sonra 1 ay sonra sol ventrikül, Trifenil tetrazolium klorür ile boyanan kesitler skar alanı tanımlamak için. Ön duvar tabanından zirvesine büyük bir yara görülmektedir. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2778/2778fig3.jpg" alt="Şekil 3" /> Şekil 3. Beta-gal adeno-ilişkili virüs (2 x 10 12 rAAV1 CMV Lac-Z DNAz dayanıklı parçacıklar) ile indüklenen ifadesi. Gelişmiş bir ifadenin, enfarktüsü ve intrakoroner virüs enjeksiyondan sonra, 1 ay normal doku arasındaki sınır bölge bulunur. Sağ alt resim, negatif kontrol, sadece serum fizyolojik aynı protokol kullanılarak koroner arterlerde enjekte edildi gösterir.

<ol>
	<li>Perez de Prado, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Closed-chest+experimental+porcine+model+of+acute+myocardial+infarction-reperfusion.">Closed-chest experimental porcine model of acute myocardial infarction-reperfusion.</a> J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 60, 301-306 (2009).</li><li>Angeli, F. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Left+ventricular+remodeling+after+myocardial+infarction:+characterization+of+a+swine+model+on+beta-blocker+therapy.">Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: characterization of a swine model on beta-blocker therapy.</a> Comp Med. 59, 272-279 (2009).</li><li>Urdaneta, F., Lobato, E. B., Kirby, D. S. &. a. m. p. ;. a. m. p., Sidi, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treating+myocardial+stunning+randomly,+with+either+propofol+or+isoflurane+following+transient+coronary+occlusion+and+reperfusion+in+pigs.">Treating myocardial stunning randomly, with either propofol or isoflurane following transient coronary occlusion and reperfusion in pigs.</a> Ann Card Anaesth. 12, 113-121 (2009).</li><li>Jaski, B. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium+upregulation+by+percutaneous+administration+of+gene+therapy+in+cardiac+disease+(CUPID+Trial),+a+first-in-human+phase+1/2+clinical+trial.">Calcium upregulation by percutaneous administration of gene therapy in cardiac disease (CUPID Trial), a first-in-human phase 1/2 clinical trial.</a> J Card Fail. 15, 171-181 (2009).</li></ol>

Tüm yazarlar, el yazması ile bağlantılı olarak bir çıkar çatışması doğurabilecek herhangi bir ticari dernekler var.

Çeşitli nedenleri arasında kalp yetmezliği, iskemi etiyolojisinde en sık uzak. Bu ciddi bir hastalıktır aşmak için, çeşitli tedavi yaklaşımları geliştirilmektedir. Bu umut verici bir tedavi kliniklerinde uygulanabilir önce terapiler dikkatli değerlendirilmesi gereklidir. Bu nedenle, hastaların klinik koşulları temsil eden bir iskemik kalp yetmezliği modeli kurulması kalp yetmezliği tedavilerin geliştirilmesi için kritik öneme sahiptir. Bizim domuz miyokard infarktüsü modeli bu translasyonel g...

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Telazol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fort Dodge Animal Health</td>
<td>0856-9050-49</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Propofol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>APP Pharmaceuticals</td>
<td>63323-270-20</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Heparin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>APP Pharmaceuticals</td>
<td>63323-540-11</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Amiodarone</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>APP Pharmaceuticals</td>
<td>63323-616-03</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Atropin Sulfate</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Med-Pharmex</td>
<td>54925-063-10</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Potassium acetate</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>American Regent, Inc.</td>
<td>2053-25</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Nitroglycerine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>American Regent, Inc.</td>
<td>4810-25 </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Salix (Furosemide)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Intervet Inc.</td>
<td>710461</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>5 Fr Hockey stick catheter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cordis</td>
<td>556-278-0L</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>7 Fr Hockey stick catheter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cordis</td>
<td>778-278-00</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Coronary wire</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Abbott Laboratories</td>
<td>1044588</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Coronary balloon</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Abbott Laboratories</td>
<td>1009447-08</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>8Fr sheath</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>TERUMO</td>
<td>RSS801</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

gene transfer for ischemic heart failure in a preclinical model

Kalp yetmezliği olan hastalar için Çeşitli gelişmekte olan teknolojiler geliştirilmektedir. Köklü preklinik değerlendirmeler için gerekli etkinlik ve emniyetini belirlemek. Viral vektörler kullanılarak Gen tedavisi, kalp hastalıklarının tedavisi için en umut verici yaklaşımlar biridir. Taşıyıcı geni değiştirerek farklı genler Viral teslim ölçülemez tedavi potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu video, kalp yetmezliği oluşturma, gen transferi bir hayvan modeli tam süreci domuz modeli kullanılarak sunulmaktadır. İlk olarak, miyokard enfarktüsü, proksimal sol ön inen koroner arter oklüzyonu ile oluşturulur. Kronik kalp yetmezliği, kalp remodeling sonuçlanır. Model Benzersiz gerçekten olumlu sonuçlar elde etmek için agresif tedavi gerektiren ağır kalp yetmezliği olan hastalarda yansıtan oldukça büyük bir yara. Sonra miyokard infarktüsü skar dokusu oluşturma ve geliştirme, bir virüs intrakoroner enjeksiyon eş zamanlı nitrogliserin infüzyonu ile gösterilmiştir. Bizim enjeksiyon yöntemi, gelişmiş gen ekspresyonu ile basit ve etkili bir gen transferi sağlar. Intrakoroner virüs teslimat ile miyokard infarktüsü domuz modeli Bu kombinasyon, tutarlı ve tekrarlanabilir bir metodoloji, bireysel gen etkisini test etmek için değil, sadece yardımcı olduğu kanıtlanmış, ama aynı zamanda terapötik aday olarak birçok genlerin etkinliğini karşılaştırmak.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gene Transfer for Ischemic Heart Failure in a Preclinical Model at JoVE.com

Gene Transfer for Ischemic Heart Failure in a Preclinical Model

Iskemik kalp yetmezliği tedavisi için gen transferi yöntemi miyokard infarktüsü domuz modeli kullanılarak açıklanmıştır. Basit ve tekrarlanabilir bir yöntem bize kolayca çeşitli gen transferlerinin etkinliğini değerlendirmek için çok basit ve tekrarlanabilir bir yol sağlar.

Klinik öncesi Model İskemik Kalp Yetmezliği Gen Transferi

Various emerging technologies are being developed for patients with heart failure. Well-established preclinical evaluations are necessary to determine ...

gene-transfer-for-ischemic-heart-failure-in-a-preclinical-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.8K Görüntüleme.  Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Iskemik kalp yetmezliği tedavisi için gen transferi yöntemi miyokard infarktüsü domuz modeli kullanılarak açıklanmıştır. Basit ve tekrarlanabilir bir yöntem bize kolayca çeşitli gen transferlerinin etkinliğini değerlendirmek için çok basit ve tekrarlanabilir bir yol sağlar.

Video: Gene Transfer for Ischemic Heart Failure in a Preclinical Model

A Simplified Technique for Producing an Ischemic Wound Model

One major obstacle in current diabetic wound research is a lack of an ischemic wound model that can be safely used in diabetic animals. Drugs that work well in non-ischemic wounds may not work in human diabetic wounds because vasculopathy is one major factor that hinders healing of these wounds. We published an article in 2007 describing a rabbit ear ischemic wound model created by a minimally invasive surgical technique. Since then, we have further simplified the procedure for easier operation. On one ear, three small skin incisions were made on the vascular pedicles, 1-2 cm from the ear base. The central artery was ligated and cut along with the nerve. The whole cranial bundle was cut and ligated, leaving only the caudal branch intact. A circumferential subcutaneous tunnel was made through the incisions, to cut subcutaneous tissues, muscles, nerves, and small vessels. The other ear was used as a non-ischemic control. Four wounds were made on the ventral side of each ear. This technique produces 4 ischemic wounds and 4 non-ischemic wounds in one animal for paired comparisons. After surgery, the ischemic ear was cool and cyanotic, and showed reduced movement and a lack of pulse in the ear artery. Skin temperature of the ischemic ear was 1-10 &deg;C lower than that on the normal ear and this difference was maintained for more than one month. Ear tissue high-energy phosphate contents were lower in the ischemic ear than the control ear. Wound healing times were longer in the ischemic ear than in the non-ischemic ear when the same treatment was used. The technique has now been used on more than 80 rabbits in which 23 were diabetic (diabetes time ranging from 2 weeks to 2 years). No single rabbit has developed any surgical complications such as bleeding, infection, or rupture in the skin incisions. The model has many advantages, such as little skin disruption, longer ischemic time, and higher success rate, when compared to many other models. It can be safely used in animals with reduced resistance, and can also be modified to meet different testing requirements.

We have developed a minimally invasive technique to create a rabbit ischemic ear wound model by dividing the central artery and nerve and the cranial neurovascular bundle. A subcutaneous tunnel then cuts all subcutaneous tissues. This procedure causes minimal skin disruption and can be safely used in diabetic animals.

Bir İskemik Yara Model üretmek için Basitleştirilmiş Tekniği

One major obstacle in current diabetic wound research is a lack of an ischemic wound model that can be safely used in diabetic animals. Drugs that work ...

Tıp

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, murine pancreatic tumor model of hepatic metastases via a hemispleen injection of syngeneic murine pancreatic tumor cells is described. This model mimics many of the clinical conditions in patients with metastatic disease to the liver. Mice consistently develop metastases in the liver allowing for investigation of the metastatic process, experimental therapy testing, and tumor immunology research.

A preclinical, murine model of hepatic metastases performed via a hemispleen injection technique.

Karaciğer metastazları Klinik öncesi fare modeli

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, ...

Permanent Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in Mice: A Model of Post-myocardial Infarction Remodelling and Heart Failure

Heart failure is a syndrome in which the heart fails to pump blood at a rate commensurate with cellular oxygen requirements at rest or during stress. It is characterized by fluid retention, shortness of breath, and fatigue, in particular on exertion. Heart failure is a growing public health problem, the leading cause of hospitalization, and a major cause of mortality. Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of heart failure.
Ventricular remodelling refers to changes in structure, size, and shape of the left ventricle. This architectural remodelling of the left ventricle is induced by injury (e.g., myocardial infarction), by pressure overload (e.g., systemic arterial hypertension or aortic stenosis), or by volume overload. Since ventricular remodelling affects wall stress, it has a profound impact on cardiac function and on the development of heart failure. A model of permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in mice is used to investigate ventricular remodelling and cardiac function post-myocardial infarction. This model is fundamentally different in terms of objectives and pathophysiological relevance compared to the model of transient ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. In this latter model of ischemia/reperfusion injury, the initial extent of the infarct may be modulated by factors that affect myocardial salvage following reperfusion. In contrast, the infarct area at 24 hr after permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery is fixed. Cardiac function in this model will be affected by 1) the process of infarct expansion, infarct healing, and scar formation; and 2) the concomitant development of left ventricular dilatation, cardiac hypertrophy, and ventricular remodelling.
Besides the model of permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the technique of invasive hemodynamic measurements in mice is presented in detail.

Heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization and a major cause of mortality. A model of permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in mice is applied to investigate ventricular remodelling and cardiac dysfunction post-myocardial infarction. The technique of invasive hemodynamic measurements in mice is presented.

Farelerde Sol Ön İnen Koroner Arter Daimi ligasyonu: Post-miyokard Enfarktüs Remodelling ve Kalp Yetmezliği Bir Model

Heart failure is a syndrome in which the heart fails to pump blood at a rate commensurate with cellular oxygen requirements at rest or during stress. It ...

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves focal endothelial-selective transgenesis, thereby allowing an investigator to determine the biological roles of endothelial-expressed transgenes and to quantify the in vivo transcriptional activity of DNA sequences in large artery endothelial cells. The method uses surgical isolation of rabbit common carotid arteries and an arteriotomy to deliver a transgene-expressing viral vector into the arterial lumen. A short incubation period of the vector in the lumen, with subsequent aspiration of the lumen contents, is sufficient to achieve efficient and durable expression of the transgene in the endothelium, with no detectable transduction or expression outside of the isolated arterial segment. The method allows assessment of the biological activities of transgene products both in normal arteries and in models of human vascular disease, while avoiding systemic effects that could be caused either by targeting gene delivery to other sites (e.g. the liver) or by the alternative approach of delivering genetic constructs to the endothelium by germ line transgenesis. Application of the method is limited by the need for a skilled surgeon and anesthetist, a well-equipped operating room, the costs of purchasing and housing rabbits, and the need for expertise in gene-transfer vector construction and use. Results obtained with this method include: transgene-related alterations in arterial structure, cellularity, extracellular matrix, or vasomotor function; increases or reductions in arterial inflammation; alterations in vascular cell apoptosis; and progression, retardation, or regression of diseases such as intimal hyperplasia or atherosclerosis. The method also allows measurement of the ability of native and synthetic DNA regulatory sequences to alter transgene expression in endothelial cells, providing results that include: levels of transgene mRNA, levels of transgene protein, and levels of transgene enzymatic activity.

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

This method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of rabbit carotid arteries. Introduction of the transgene allows the assessment of the biological role of the transgene product either in normal arteries or disease models. The method is also useful for measuring activity of DNA regulatory sequences.

Vivo Gen transferi için tavşan ortak Karotid arter endotel

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves ...

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment methods. Here, we present such a model by tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, which can be produced by rapid cardiac pacing in swine.
A single pacing lead is introduced transvenously into fully anaesthetized healthy swine, to the apex of the right ventricle, and fixated. Its other end is then tunneled dorsally to the paravertebral region. There, it is connected to an in-house modified heart pacemaker unit that is then implanted in a subcutaneous pocket. 
After 4 - 8 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing at rates of 200 - 240 beats/min, physical examination revealed signs of severe heart failure - tachypnea, spontaneous sinus tachycardia, and fatigue. Echocardiography and X-ray showed dilation of all heart chambers, effusions, and severe systolic dysfunction. These findings correspond well to decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy and are also preserved after the cessation of pacing.
This model of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy can be used for studying the pathophysiology of progressive chronic heart failure, especially hemodynamic changes caused by new treatment modalities like mechanical circulatory supports. This methodology is easy to perform and the results are robust and reproducible.

Here, we present a protocol to produce tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in swine. This model represents a potent way to study the hemodynamics of progressive chronic heart failure and the effects of applied treatment.

Kronik kalp yetmezliği model domuz olarak taşikardi kaynaklı kardiyomiyopati

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment ...

Isolation of Atrial Cardiomyocytes from a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome-related Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

In this article, we describe an optimized, Langendorff-based procedure for the isolation of single-cell atrial cardiomyocytes (ACMs) from a rat model of metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The prevalence of MetS-related HFpEF is rising, and atrial cardiomyopathies associated with atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation are clinically highly relevant as atrial remodeling is an independent predictor of mortality. Studies with isolated single-cell cardiomyocytes are frequently used to corroborate and complement in vivo findings. Circulatory vessel rarefication and interstitial tissue fibrosis pose a potentially limiting factor for the successful single-cell isolation of ACMs from animal models of this disease.
We have addressed this issue by employing a device capable of manually regulating the intraluminal pressure of cardiac cavities during the isolation procedure, substantially increasing the yield of morphologically and functionally intact ACMs. The acquired cells can be used in a variety of different experiments, such as cell culture and functional Calcium imaging (i.e., excitation-contraction-coupling).
We provide the researcher with a step-by-step protocol, a list of optimized solutions, thorough instructions to prepare the necessary equipment, and a comprehensive troubleshooting guide. While the initial implementation of the procedure might be rather difficult, a successful adaptation will allow the reader to perform state-of-the-art ACM isolations in a rat model of MetS-related HFpEF for a broad spectrum of experiments.

Here, we describe an optimized, Langendorff-based procedure for the isolation of single-cell atrial cardiomyocytes from a rat model of metabolic syndrome-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. A manual regulation of intraluminal pressure of cardiac cavities is implemented to yield functionally intact myocytes suitable for excitation-contraction-coupling studies.

Bir fare modeli Metabolik sendromu ile ilgili kalp yetmezliği ile korunmuş ejeksiyon fraksiyonu atriyal Cardiomyocytes izolasyonu

In this article, we describe an optimized, Langendorff-based procedure for the isolation of single-cell atrial cardiomyocytes (ACMs) from a rat model of ...

Preclinical Model of Hind Limb Ischemia in Diabetic Rabbits

Peripheral vascular disease is a widespread clinical problem that affects millions of patients worldwide. A major consequence of peripheral vascular disease is the development of ischemia. In severe cases, patients can develop critical limb ischemia in which they experience constant pain and an increased risk of limb amputation. Current therapies for peripheral ischemia include bypass surgery or percutaneous interventions such as angioplasty with stenting or atherectomy to restore blood flow. However, these treatments often fail to the continued progression of vascular disease or restenosis or are contraindicated due to the overall poor health of the patient. A promising potential approach to treat peripheral ischemia involves the induction of therapeutic neovascularization to allow the patient to develop collateral vasculature. This newly formed network alleviates peripheral ischemia by restoring perfusion to the affected area. The most frequently employed preclinical model for peripheral ischemia utilizes the creation of hind limb ischemia in healthy rabbits through femoral artery ligation. In the past, however, there has been a strong disconnect between the success of preclinical studies and the failure of clinical trials regarding treatments for peripheral ischemia. Healthy animals typically have robust vascular regeneration in response to surgically induced ischemia, in contrast to the reduced vascularity and regeneration in patients with chronic peripheral ischemia. Here, we describe an optimized animal model for peripheral ischemia in rabbits that includes hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This model has reduced collateral formation and blood pressure recovery in comparison to a model with a higher cholesterol diet. Thus, the model may provide better correlation with human patients with compromised angiogenesis from the common co-morbidities that accompany peripheral vascular disease.

We describe a surgical procedure used to induce peripheral ischemia in rabbits with hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This surgery acts as a preclinical model for conditions experienced in peripheral artery disease in patients. Angiography is also described as a means to measure the extent of introduced ischemia and recovery of perfusion.

Diyabetik tavşanların arka ekstremite Iskemi preklinik modeli

Peripheral vascular disease is a widespread clinical problem that affects millions of patients worldwide. A major consequence of peripheral vascular ...

Establishing a Swine Model of Post-myocardial Infarction Heart Failure for Stem Cell Treatment

Although advances have been achieved in the treatment of heart failure (HF) following myocardial infarction (MI), HF following MI remains one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity around the world. Cell-based therapies for cardiac repair and improvement of left ventricular function after MI have attracted considerable attention. Accordingly, the safety and efficacy of these cell transplantations should be tested in a preclinical large animal model of HF prior to clinical use. Pigs are widely used for cardiovascular disease research due to their similarity to humans in terms of heart size and coronary anatomy. Therefore, we sought to present an effective protocol for the establishment of a porcine chronic HF model using closed-chest coronary balloon occlusion of the left circumflex artery (LCX), followed by rapid ventricular pacing induced with pacemaker implantation. Eight weeks later, the stem cells were administered by intramyocardial injection in the peri-infarct area. Then the infarct size, cell survival, and left ventricular function (including echocardiography, hemodynamic parameters, and electrophysiology) were evaluated. This study helps establish a stable preclinical large animal HF model for stem cell treatment.

We sought to establish a swine model of heart failure induced by left circumflex artery blockage and rapid pacing to test the effect and safety of intramyocardial administration of stem cells for cell-based therapies.

Kök Hücre Tedavisi Için Post-miyokard Enfarktüsü Kalp Yetmezliği Domuz Modeli Oluşturma

Although advances have been achieved in the treatment of heart failure (HF) following myocardial infarction (MI), HF following MI remains one of the major ...

A Preclinical Model of Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice

Heat stroke is the most severe manifestation of heat-related illnesses. Classic heat stroke (CHS), also known as passive heat stroke, occurs at rest, whereas exertional heat stroke (EHS) occurs during physical activity. EHS differs from CHS in etiology, clinical presentation, and sequelae of multi-organ dysfunction. Until recently, only models of CHS have been well established. This protocol aims to provide guidelines for a refined preclinical mouse model of EHS that is free from major limiting factors such as the use of anesthesia, restraint, rectal probes, or electric shock. Male and female C57Bl/6 mice, instrumented with core temperature (Tc) telemetric probes were utilized in this model. For familiarization with the running mode, mice undergo 3 weeks of training using both voluntary and forced running wheels. Thereafter, mice run on a forced wheel inside a climatic chamber set at 37.5 &#176;C and 40%-50% relative humidity (RH) until displaying symptom limitation (e.g., loss of consciousness) at Tc of 42.1-42.5 &#176;C, although suitable results can be obtained at chamber temperatures between 34.5-39.5 &#176;C and humidity between 30%-90%. Depending on the desired severity, mice are removed from the chamber immediately for recovery in ambient temperature or remain in the heated chamber for a longer duration, inducing a more severe exposure and a higher incidence of mortality. Results are compared with sham-matched exercise controls (EXC) and/or na&#239;ve controls (NC). The model mirrors many of the pathophysiological outcomes observed in human EHS, including loss of consciousness, severe hyperthermia, multi-organ damage as well as inflammatory cytokine release, and acute phase responses of the immune system. This model is ideal for hypothesis-driven research to test preventative and therapeutic strategies that may delay the onset of EHS or reduce the multi-organ damage that characterizes this manifestation.

The protocol describes the development of a standardized, repeatable, preclinical model of exertional heat stroke (EHS) in mice free from adverse external stimuli such as electric shock. The model provides a platform for mechanistic, preventative, and therapeutic studies.

Farelerde Preklinik Bir Eforel Isıl Vuruş Modeli

Heat stroke is the most severe manifestation of heat-related illnesses. Classic heat stroke (CHS), also known as passive heat stroke, occurs at rest, ...

Large Animal Model for Evaluating the Efficacy of the Gene Therapy in Ischemic Heart

Coronary artery disease is one of the significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the progression of current therapeutics, a considerable proportion of coronary artery disease patients remain symptomatic. Gene therapy-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis offers a novel therapeutic method for improving myocardial perfusion and relieving symptoms. Gene therapy with different angiogenic factors has been studied in few clinical trials. Due to the novelty of the method, the progress of myocardial gene therapy is a continuous path from bench to bedside. Therefore, large animal models are needed for evaluating the safety and efficacy. The more the large animal model identifies the original disease and the endpoints used in clinics, the more predictable outcomes are from clinical trials. Here, we introduce a large animal model for evaluating the efficacy of the gene therapy in the ischemic porcine heart. We use clinically relevant imaging methods such as ultrasound imaging and 15H2O-PET. For targeting the gene transfers into the desired area, electroanatomical mapping is used. The aim of this method is: (1) to mimic chronic coronary artery disease, (2) to induce therapeutic angiogenesis at hypoxic areas of the heart, and (3) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the gene therapy by using relevant endpoints.

Myocardial gene therapy for ischemic heart disease holds great promise for future therapeutics. Here, we introduce a large animal model for evaluating the efficacy of gene therapy in the ischemic heart.