Yazarlar New York Capital Region Araştırma İttifak Grant desteğini kabul etmek istiyorum.

1.. Bioprinting Platformu kurulması Yazıcı değişiklik bir HP Deskjet 500 termal mürekkep püskürtmeli yazıcı ve HP 51626a siyah mürekkep kartuşunun dayanmaktadır. <ol><li> Yazıcının üst plastik kapağı çıkarın ve dikkatle kapağından kontrol panelini çıkarın. </li><li> Yazıcının üst kısmı ve tabanı arasındaki 3 kablo bağlantılarını ayırın. Tabanından yazıcı üst kısmını çıkarmak. </li><li> Yazıcının üst kısmında, mürekkep kartuşunun altındaki sağ tarafında küçük plastik ve kauçuk aksesuarları (yazıcı kafası temizleme sistemi) çıkarın. </li><li> Yaylar ile kağıt tepsisinin tabanını çıkarın. </li><li> Plastik kağıt besleme bar kapsayan metalik plakasını sökün. </li><li> Bir el testeresi ya da diğer kesici alet kullanarak orta besleme tekerlek pozisyonda plastik kağıt besleme barı kesti. </li><li> Önceki adımdan sonra maruz 2 kağıt besleme tekerlekleri çıkarın. Tekerlekli plastik çok sert ve bir elektronik olduğunutestere yararlı olacaktır. </li><li> Konserve hava ve etanol mendil kullanarak toz ve enkaz temizlemek. </li><li> Tabanına yazıcı üst kısmını takın. </li><li> Kullanmadan önce, bir laminar akış başlığı içinde, en az 2 saat boyunca değiştirilmiş yazıcı sterilize UV. </li><li> Bir el testeresi ya da diğer kesici alet kullanarak bir HP 51626a mürekkep kartuşunun kapağını kesti. </li><li> Mürekkebi boşaltın ve kıkırdak alt iyi rezervuar kapakları filtreyi kaldırmak. </li><li> Iyice akan musluk suyu kullanarak kartuşu durulayın. </li><li> Ultrasonicate 10 dakika boyunca iyonu giderilmiş (Di) su içinde kartuş, mürekkep kaldırın. </li><li> Emin tüm mürekkep kaldırıldı yapmak için kartuşunu inceleyin. Steril DI ardından su sterilizasyon için% 70 etanol ile iyice kartuş, veya sprey yıkayın. </li><li> Eşzamanlı fotopolimerizasyon kapasitesini sağlamak için baskı platformu üzerinde uzun dalga boylu ultraviyole lamba kurmak. </li><li> UV ışık kullanarak baskı platformda UV yoğunluğunu ölçünölçer. Baskı konuya şiddeti 4-8 arasında mW / cm 2 (yazıcı platformuna lamba yaklaşık 25 cm) yani UV lamba ve yazıcı platformu arasındaki mesafeyi ayarlayın. </li></ol> 2.. Bioink Hazırlık <ol><li> Tek tabakalı Kondrosit genişleme <ol><li> Dulbeccos hücre genişlemesi için her bir T175 doku kültürü şişesi içine Plate 5000000 insan kondrosit% 10 dana serumu ve 1 x penisilin-streptomisin-glutamin (PSG) ile desteklenmiş Eagles Medium (DMEM) Modifiye. % 5 CO2 içeren nemlendirilmiş hava ile 37 ° C &#39;de kültür hücreleri. Şişe% 85 izdiham kadar her 3 günde bir kültür ortamı değiştirin. Aynı geçit hücreleri kullanın. </li></ol></li><li> % 10 a / h bir nihai konsantrasyona PBS içinde çözülür Pegda % 0.05 a / h bir nihai konsantrasyona kadar foto-başlatıcı I-2959 ekleme Çözüm sterilize Filtre. </li><li> 5 x 10 6 hücre Pegda hazırlanan çözelti içinde kültürlenmiş insan kondrositler Askıya /ml. </li></ol> 3.. Kıkırdak Doku Baskı <ol><li> Yazıcı ve dizüstü bilgisayarı açın. </li><li> Microsoft Word veya Adobe Photoshop kullanarak çapı 4 mm ile sağlam bir dairenin bir baskı deseni oluşturun. <ol><li> Desen konumunu ayarlayın ve plastik kalıp içine tam olarak yazdıracaktır emin olun. </li><li> Iskele, istenen kalınlığa ulaşmak için gerekli baskı sayısını hesaplayın. Yüksekliği 4 mm, 220 baskılar istenen iskele oluşturmak için gereklidir. </li></ol></li><li> Mürekkep kartuşunun içine bioink yükleyin. Yazdırma sırasında doğrudan UV ışınlarına maruz korumak için alüminyum folyo ile örtün kartuşu. </li><li> Yazıcıya yazdırma komutunu gönderin. Yazıcı yazdırmaya başladığında kağıt sensörü çekin. Bütün baskı işlemi çapı 4 mm ve yüksekliği 4 mm olan bir yapı iskelesi için en az 4 dakika sürer. </li><li> Aktarım, 24-iyi levhaya neocartilage basılı ve her bir oyuğa 1.5 ml kültür ortamı ilave edin. </li></ol><ol><li> Karanlıkta 15 dakika boyunca oda sıcaklığında ölü / canlı Canlılık / Sitotoksisite çalışma çözeltisi içinde basılı neocartilage inkübe edin. </li><li> Yarısında hücre yüklü hidrojel kesilmiş ve kesim alanının floresan görüntüleri çekmek. </li><li> Beş rastgele çekilen görüntüleri bir kör gözlemci tarafından (yeşil) ve ölü (kırmızı) hücreleri canlı saymak. Canlı ve ölü hücre toplam sayısı, canlı hücre sayısına bölünmesiyle hücre canlılığı hesaplayın. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Cui, X., Boland, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+microvasculature+fabrication+using+thermal+inkjet+printing+technology.">Human microvasculature fabrication using thermal inkjet printing technology.</a> Biomaterials. 30, 6221-6227 (2009).</li><li>Cui, X., Breitenkamp, K., Finn, M. G., Lotz, M., D'Lima, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+human+cartilage+repair+using+three-dimensional+bioprinting+technology.">Direct human cartilage repair using three-dimensional bioprinting technology.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 18, 1304-1312 (2012).</li><li>Cui, X., Breitenkamp, K., Lotz, M., D'Lima, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergistic+action+of+fibroblast+growth+factor-2+and+transforming+growth+factor-beta1+enhances+bioprinted+human+neocartilage+formation.">Synergistic action of fibroblast growth factor-2 and transforming growth factor-beta1 enhances bioprinted human neocartilage formation.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 109, 2357-2368 (2012).</li><li>Cui, X., Breitenkamp, K., Finn, M. G., Lotz, M., Colwell, C. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+human+cartilage+repair+using+thermal+inkjet+printing+technology.">Direct human cartilage repair using thermal inkjet printing technology.</a> Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 19, (2011).</li><li>Cui, X., Boland, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+deposition+of+human+microvascular+endothelial+cells+and+biomaterials+for+human+microvasculature+fabrication+using+inkjet+printing.">Simultaneous deposition of human microvascular endothelial cells and biomaterials for human microvasculature fabrication using inkjet printing.</a> NIP24/digital Fabrication 2008: 24th International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies, Technical Program and Proceedings. 24, 480-483 (2008).</li><li>Cui, X., Dean, D., Ruggeri, Z. M., Boland, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+damage+evaluation+of+thermal+inkjet+printed+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells.">Cell damage evaluation of thermal inkjet printed Chinese hamster ovary cells.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 106, 963-969 (2010).</li><li>Cui, X., Hasegawa, A., Lotz, M., D'Lima, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structured+three-dimensional+co-culture+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+with+meniscus+cells+promotes+meniscal+phenotype+without+hypertrophy.">Structured three-dimensional co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells with meniscus cells promotes meniscal phenotype without hypertrophy.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 109, 2369-2380 (2012).</li><li>Cui, X., Gao, G., Qiu, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accelerated+myotube+formation+using+bioprinting+technology+for+biosensor+applications.">Accelerated myotube formation using bioprinting technology for biosensor applications.</a> Biotechnol. Lett. 35, 315-321 (2013).</li><li>Cui, X., Boland, T., D'Lima, D. D., Lotz, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermal+inkjet+printing+in+tissue+engineering+and+regenerative+medicine.">Thermal inkjet printing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</a> Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 6, 149-155 (2012).</li><li>Bryant, S. J., Anseth, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogel+properties+influence+ECM+production+by+chondrocytes+photoencapsulated+in+poly(ethylene+glycol)+hydrogels.">Hydrogel properties influence ECM production by chondrocytes photoencapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels.</a> Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 59, 63-72 (2002).</li><li>Elisseeff, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photoencapsulation+of+chondrocytes+in+poly(ethylene+oxide)-based+semi-interpenetrating+networks.">Photoencapsulation of chondrocytes in poly(ethylene oxide)-based semi-interpenetrating networks.</a> Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 51, 164-171 (2000).</li><li>Buskirk, W. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+A+High-Resolution+Thermal+Inkjet+Printhead.">Development of A High-Resolution Thermal Inkjet Printhead.</a> Hewlett-Packard Journal. 39, 55-61 (1988).</li><li>Harmon, J. P., Widder, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrating+the+Printhead+Into+the+HP+Deskjet+Printer.">Integrating the Printhead Into the HP Deskjet Printer.</a> Hewlett-Packard Journal. 39, 62-66 (1988).</li><li>Kim, T. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+model+for+cartilage+tissue+engineering+to+regenerate+the+zonal+organization+of+articular+cartilage.">Experimental model for cartilage tissue engineering to regenerate the zonal organization of articular cartilage.</a> Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 11, 653-664 (2003).</li><li>Sharma, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Designing+zonal+organization+into+tissue-engineered+cartilage.">Designing zonal organization into tissue-engineered cartilage.</a> Tissue Engineering. 13, 405-414 (2007).</li><li>Cohen, D. L., Lipton, J. I., Bonassar, L. J., Lipson, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Additive+manufacturing+for+in+situ+repair+of+osteochondral+defects.">Additive manufacturing for in situ repair of osteochondral defects.</a> Biofabrication. 2, (2010).</li></ol>

Yazarlar bu çalışmada herhangi bir mali ilgi var.

Eş zamanlı fotopolimerizasyon kapasiteli Bu 3D bioprinting sistemi, hücresel aljinat hidrojel 16 kalıptan şırınga kullanılarak osteokondral defektlerin in situ baskı en iyi ve en önce bildirilen yönteme göre önemli ölçüde daha büyük bir baskı çözünürlüğü sağlar. Yüksek baskı çözünürlüğü anatomik kıkırdak bölgeli organizasyonu geri kıkırdak doku mühendisliği için özellikle önemlidir. Tabaka-by-katman montaj sırasında simültane fotopolimerizasyon 3D yap?...

Termal mürekkep püskürtmeli baskı dayalı Bioprinting doku mühendisliği ve rejeneratif tıp alanında en umut verici sağlayan teknolojilerden biridir. Dijital kontrol ve yüksek verimli baskı kafaları, hücreleri, iskeleler, ve büyüme faktörleri tam olarak üç boyutlu (3D) pozisyonları hızla istenen iki boyutlu (2D) yatırılması ve edilebilir. Birçok başarılı uygulamaları doku mühendisliği ve rejeneratif tıp 1-9, bu teknoloji kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Bu yazıda, bir bioprinting platformu değiştirilmiş bir Hewlett-Packard (HP) Deskjet 500 termal mürekkep püskürtmeli yazıcı ve eşzamanlı fotopolimerizasyon sistemi ile kurulmuştur. Poli (etilen glikol) (PEG) ile formüle sentetik hidrojeller kondrosit canlılığını muhafaza ve kondrojenik ECM üretimini teşvik 10,11 kapasitesini göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak, aynı anda photocrosslinkable PEG Polimer için idealdir düşük viskoziteli, su içinde yüksek ölçüde çözünen3D bioprinting sırasında haklara ait. Bu yazıda, poli (etilen) glikol diakrilat (Pegda; MW 3400) içinde süspanse insan kıkırdaklan tam 3D çözünürlükte 1.400 dpi ile neocartilage katman-katman oluşturmak için basıldı. 3 boyutlu iskele yatırılır hücrelerinin homojen dağılımı çok iyi mekanik özellikleri ve gelişmiş ECM üretimi ile kıkırdak dokuyu meydana getirdiği gözlenmiştir. Buna karşılık, manuel imalatı nedeniyle kültür 2,3 ardından homojen olmayan bir kıkırdak oluşumuna yol açan yavaş iskele polimerizasyonu için yerine kendi ilk tevdi pozisyonların jel altındaki biriken hücreler.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">HP Deskjet 500 thermal inkjet printer</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Hewlett-Packard</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">C2106a</td>
			<td style="width:433px;">Discontinued. Purchased refurbished from internet vendor.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">HP black ink cartridge</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Hewlett-Packard</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">51626a</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Ultraviolet lamp</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">UVP</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">B-100AP</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">UV light meter</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">General Tools</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">UV513AB</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Zeiss LSM 510 laser scanning microscope</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">LSM 510</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Dulbeccos Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">10-013</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine (PSG)</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">10378-016</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Accutase cell dissociation reagent</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">A11105-01</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">10010-023</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Live/Dead viability/cytotoxicity Kit</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">L-3224</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Glycosan Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">GS700</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Irgacure 2959</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Ciba Specialty Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">I-2959</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:357px;">Human articular chondrocytes</td>
			<td style="width:221px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">CC-2550</td>
			<td style="width:433px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

human cartilage tissue fabrication using three-dimensional inkjet printing technology

Termal mürekkep püskürtmeli baskı dayanmaktadır Bioprinting, doku mühendisliği ve rejeneratif tıp alanında en cazip kılan teknolojileri biridir. Dijital kontrol hücreleri, iskeleler, ve büyüme faktörleri hassas üç boyutlu (3D) konumları hızla istenen iki boyutlu (2D) yatırılması edilebilir ile. Bu nedenle, bu teknolojinin kendi ana anatomik yapılarını taklit dokuları imal için ideal bir yaklaşımdır. Yerli bölgeli organizasyon, hücre dışı matris (ECM), ve mekanik özelliklere sahip kıkırdak mühendisi için, biz 3D kıkırdak doku mühendisliği için yetenekli eşzamanlı fotopolimerizasyon ile ticari bir mürekkep püskürtmeli yazıcı kullanarak bir bioprinting platform geliştirdi. Poli (etilen glikol) diakrilat (Pegda) içinde süspansiyon haline getirilmiş insan kondrosit katman-katman düzeneği ile 3D neocartilage yapımı için basıldı. Basılı hücreler Gem tarafından desteklenen, kendi orijinal tevdi pozisyonlarında tespit edildieşzamanlı fotopolimerizasyon iskelesi unding. Basılı doku mekanik özellikleri, doğal kıkırdak benzerdi. Daha fazla UV ışınlarına maruz kalma, doku gerektiren geleneksel imalat, ile karşılaştırıldığında, aynı anda fotopolimerizasyonu ile basılı hücrelerin canlılığı anlamlı ölçüde yüksekti. Baskılı neocartilage çok glikozaminoglikan (GAG) ve gen ekspresyonu ile tutarlıdır kollajen tip II üretimi göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, bu platform anatomik doku mühendisliği için doğru hücre dağılımı ve düzenlenmesi için idealdir.

Modifiye termal mürekkep püskürtmeli yazıcı, yüksek verimlilik ve mükemmel hücre canlılığı de hücre ve iskele birikimi için yetenekli oldu. Eşzamanlı fotopolimerizasyon ve ışığa biyomalzeme ile birleştiren bu teknoloji, başlangıçta yatırılan yerlere hücreleri ve diğer basılı maddeleri düzeltmek mümkün değildir. Modifiye termal mürekkep püskürtmeli yazıcı özelliklerine göre, 2B baskı çözünürlüğü 130 pl tek bir mürekkep damla hacmi ile 300 dpi oldu. 3.6 kHz frekans 12...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology at JoVE.com

Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology

Bu yazıda anlatılan yöntemleri eşzamanlı UV polimerizasyon ile bir bioprinter içine ticari bir mürekkep püskürtmeli yazıcı dönüştürmek için nasıl gösterir. Yazıcı hücreleri ve biyomalzeme 3D doku yapısı oluşturmak yeteneğine sahiptir. Burada gösterilen çalışma 3D neocartilage inşa.

Üç boyutlu Mürekkep Püskürtmeli Baskı Teknolojisi Kullanımı İnsan Kıkırdak Doku Fabrikasyon

Bioprinting, which is based on thermal inkjet printing, is one of the most attractive enabling technologies in the field of tissue engineering and ...

human-cartilage-tissue-fabrication-using-three-dimensional-inkjet

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

15.6K Görüntüleme.  Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.  Bu yazıda anlatılan yöntemleri eşzamanlı UV polimerizasyon ile bir bioprinter içine ticari bir mürekkep püskürtmeli yazıcı dönüştürmek için nasıl gösterir. Yazıcı hücreleri ve biyomalzeme 3D doku yapısı oluşturmak yeteneğine sahiptir. Burada gösterilen çalışma 3D neocartilage inşa. 

Video: Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices1-3. In this paper, we focus on one- (1D), two- (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) printing of conductive metallic inks in the form of flexible, stretchable, and spanning microelectrodes.
Direct-write assembly4,5 is a 1-to-3D printing technique that enables the fabrication of features ranging from simple lines to complex structures by the deposition of concentrated inks through fine nozzles (~0.1 - 250 &mu;m). This printing method consists of a computer-controlled 3-axis translation stage, an ink reservoir and nozzle, and 10x telescopic lens for visualization. Unlike inkjet printing, a droplet-based process, direct-write assembly involves the extrusion of ink filaments either in- or out-of-plane. The printed filaments typically conform to the nozzle size. Hence, microscale features (&lt; 1 &mu;m) can be patterned and assembled into larger arrays and multidimensional architectures.
In this paper, we first synthesize a highly concentrated silver nanoparticle ink for planar and 3D printing via direct-write assembly. Next, a standard protocol for printing microelectrodes in multidimensional motifs is demonstrated. Finally, applications of printed microelectrodes for electrically small antennas, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes are highlighted.

Planar and three-dimensional printing of conductive metallic inks is described. Our approach provides new avenues for fabricating printed electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices in unusual layouts at the microscale.

İletken Mürekkepler düzlemsel ve Üç Boyutlu Baskı

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical ...

Biyomühendislik

Generation of a Three-dimensional Full Thickness Skin Equivalent and Automated Wounding

In vitro models are a cost effective and ethical alternative to study cutaneous wound healing processes. Moreover, by using human cells, these models reflect the human wound situation better than animal models. Although two-dimensional models are widely used to investigate processes such as cellular migration and proliferation, models that are more complex are required to gain a deeper knowledge about wound healing. Besides a suitable model system, the generation of precise and reproducible wounds is crucial to ensure comparable results between different test runs. In this study, the generation of a three-dimensional full thickness skin equivalent to study wound healing is shown. The dermal part of the models is comprised of human dermal fibroblast embedded in a rat-tail collagen type I hydrogel. Following the inoculation with human epidermal keratinocytes and consequent culture at the air-liquid interface, a multilayered epidermis is formed on top of the models. To study the wound healing process, we additionally developed an automated wounding device, which generates standardized wounds in a sterile atmosphere.

The goal of this protocol is to build up a three-dimensional full thickness skin equivalent, which resembles natural skin. With a specifically constructed automated wounding device, precise and reproducible wounds can be generated under maintenance of sterility.

Üç-boyutlu Tam Kalınlığı Deri Üretimi Eşdeğer ve Otomatik Yaralama

In vitro models are a cost effective and ethical alternative to study cutaneous wound healing processes. Moreover, by using human cells, these models ...

Three-dimensional Biomimetic Technology: Novel Biorubber Creates Defined Micro- and Macro-scale Architectures in Collagen Hydrogels

Tissue scaffolds play a crucial role in the tissue regeneration process. The ideal scaffold must fulfill several requirements such as having proper composition, targeted modulus, and well-defined architectural features. Biomaterials that recapitulate the intrinsic architecture of in vivo tissue are vital for studying diseases as well as to facilitate the regeneration of lost and malformed soft tissue. A novel biofabrication technique was developed which combines state of the art imaging, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and selective enzymatic activity to create a new generation of biomaterials for research and clinical application. The developed material, Bovine Serum Albumin rubber, is reaction injected into a mold that upholds specific geometrical features. This sacrificial material allows the adequate transfer of architectural features to a natural scaffold material. The prototype consists of a 3D collagen scaffold with 4 and 3 mm channels that represent a branched architecture. This paper emphasizes the use of this biofabrication technique for the generation of natural constructs. This protocol utilizes a computer-aided software (CAD) to manufacture a solid mold which will be reaction injected with BSA rubber followed by the enzymatic digestion of the rubber, leaving its architectural features within the scaffold material.

An innovative biofabrication technique was developed to engineer three-dimensional constructs that resemble the architectural features, components, and mechanical properties of in vivo tissue. This technique features a newly developed sacrificial material, BSA rubber, which transfers detailed spatial features, reproducing the in vivo architectures of a wide variety of tissues.

Üç boyutlu Biyomimetik Teknoloji: Roman Biorubber Kollajen Hidrojeller içinde Mikro ve Makro ölçekli Mimarileri Tanımlı oluşturur

Tissue scaffolds play a crucial role in the tissue regeneration process. The ideal scaffold must fulfill several requirements such as having proper ...

Fabrication of Inverted Colloidal Crystal Poly(ethylene glycol) Scaffold: A Three-dimensional Cell Culture Platform for Liver Tissue Engineering

The ability to maintain hepatocyte function in vitro, for the purpose of testing xenobiotics&#39; cytotoxicity, studying virus infection and developing drugs targeted at the liver, requires a platform in which cells receive proper biochemical and mechanical cues. Recent liver tissue engineering systems have employed three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds composed of synthetic or natural hydrogels, given their high water retention and their ability to provide the mechanical stimuli needed by the cells. There has been growing interest in the inverted colloidal crystal (ICC) scaffold, a recent development, which allows high spatial organization, homotypic and heterotypic cell interaction, as well as cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction. Herein, we describe a protocol to fabricate the ICC scaffold using poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and the particle leaching method. Briefly, a lattice is made from microsphere particles, after which a pre-polymer solution is added, properly polymerized, and the particles are then removed, or leached, using an organic solvent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran). The dissolution of the lattice results in a highly porous scaffold with controlled pore sizes and interconnectivities that allow media to reach cells more easily. This unique structure allows high surface area for the cells to adhere to as well as easy communication between pores, and the ability to coat the PEGDA ICC scaffold with proteins also shows a marked effect on cell performance. We analyze the morphology of the scaffold as well as the hepatocarcinoma cell (Huh-7.5) behavior in terms of viability and function to explore the effect of ICC structure and ECM coatings. Overall, this paper provides a detailed protocol of an emerging scaffold that has wide applications in tissue engineering, especially liver tissue engineering.

Fabrication of Inverted Colloidal Crystal Polyethylene glycol Scaffold: A Three-dimensional Cell Culture Platform for Liver Tissue Engineering

This manuscript presents a detailed protocol for the fabrication of an emerging three-dimensional hepatocyte culture platform, the inverted colloidal crystal scaffold, and the concomitant techniques to assess hepatocyte behavior. The size-controllable pores, interconnectivity and ability to conjugate extracellular matrix proteins to the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) scaffold enhance Huh-7.5 cell performance.

Ters Kolloidal Kristal Poli (etilen glikol) İskele imalatı: Karaciğer Doku Mühendisliği için Üç boyutlu Hücre Kültürü Platformu

The ability to maintain hepatocyte function in vitro, for the purpose of testing xenobiotics&#39; cytotoxicity, studying virus infection and developing ...

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Paper wicks fluids autonomously due to capillary action. By patterning paper with hydrophobic barriers, the transport of fluids can be controlled and directed within a layer of paper. Moreover, stacking multiple layers of patterned paper creates sophisticated three-dimensional microfluidic networks that can support the development of analytical and bioanalytical assays. Paper-based microfluidic devices are inexpensive, portable, easy to use, and require no external equipment to operate. As a result, they hold great promise as a platform for point-of-care diagnostics. In order to properly evaluate the utility and analytical performance of paper-based devices, suitable methods must be developed to ensure their manufacture is reproducible and at a scale that is appropriate for laboratory settings. In this manuscript, a method to fabricate a general device architecture that can be used for paper-based immunoassays is described. We use a form of additive manufacturing (multi-layer lamination) to prepare devices that comprise multiple layers of patterned paper and patterned adhesive. In addition to demonstrating the proper use of these three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic devices with an immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), errors in the manufacturing process that may result in device failures are discussed. We expect this approach to manufacturing paper-based devices will find broad utility in the development of analytical applications designed specifically for limited-resource settings.

We detail a method to fabricate three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic devices for use in the development of immunoassays. Our approach to device assembly is a type of multilayer, additive manufacturing. We demonstrate a sandwich immunoassay to provide representative results for these types of paper-based devices.

İmmüno için üç boyutlu Paper-based mikroakışkan Cihazlar İmalat

Paper wicks fluids autonomously due to capillary action. By patterning paper with hydrophobic barriers, the transport of fluids can be controlled and ...

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional Poly(&#949;-caprolactone) Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology with great potential for biomedical applications. The technique facilitates the direct deposition of biocompatible polymer fibers to fabricate well-ordered scaffolds in the sub-micron to micro scale range. The establishment of a stable, viscoelastic, polymer jet between a spinneret and a collector is achieved using an applied voltage and can be direct-written. A significant benefit of a typical porous scaffold is a high surface-to-volume ratio which provides increased effective adhesion sites for cell attachment and growth. Controlling the printing process by fine-tuning the system parameters enables high reproducibility in the quality of the printed scaffolds. It also provides a flexible manufacturing platform for users to tailor the morphological structures of the scaffolds to their specific requirements. For this purpose, we present a protocol to obtain different fiber diameters using melt electrospinning writing (MEW) with a guided amendment of the parameters, including flow rate, voltage and collection speed. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to optimize the jet, discuss often experienced technical challenges, explain troubleshooting techniques and showcase a wide range of printable scaffold architectures.

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional Poly(&amp;#949;-caprolactone) Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

This protocol serves as a comprehensive guideline to fabricate scaffolds via electrospinning with polymer melts in a direct writing mode. We systematically outline the process and define the appropriate parameter settings for achieving targeted scaffold architectures.

Üç boyutlu Poly(ε-caprolactone) İskele kontrol edilebilir türleri morfoloji ile Electrospinning yazma doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için erime

This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology ...

Culturing Mammalian Cells in Three-dimensional Peptide Scaffolds

A useful technique for culturing cells in a self-assembling nanofiber three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is described. This culture system recreates an environment that closely mimics the structural features of non-polarized tissue. Furthermore, the particular intrinsic nanofiber structure of the scaffold makes it transparent to visual light, which allows for easy visualization of the sample under microscopy. This advantage was largely used to study cell migration, organization, proliferation, and differentiation and thus any development of their particular cellular function by staining with specific dyes or probes. Furthermore, in this work, we describe the good performance of this system to easily study the redifferentiation of expanded human articular chondrocytes into cartilaginous tissue. Cells were encapsulated into self-assembling peptide scaffolds and cultured under specific conditions to promote chondrogenesis. Three-dimensional cultures showed good viability during the 4 weeks of the experiment. As expected, samples cultured with chondrogenic inducers (compared to non-induced controls) stained strongly positive for toluidine blue (which stains glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are highly present in cartilage extracellular matrix) and expressed specific molecular markers, including collagen type I, II and X, according to Western Blot analysis. This protocol is easy to perform and can be used at research laboratories, industries and for educational purposes in laboratory courses.

Here, we present a protocol to obtain 3D-culture systems in self-assembling peptide scaffolds to promote the differentiation of dedifferentiated human articular chondrocytes into cartilage-like tissue.

Üç boyutlu peptid iskele memeli hücrelerinde kültür

A useful technique for culturing cells in a self-assembling nanofiber three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is described. This culture system recreates an ...

Three-dimensional Printing of Thermoplastic Materials to Create Automated Syringe Pumps with Feedback Control for Microfluidic Applications

Microfluidics has become a critical tool in research across the biological, chemical, and physical sciences. One important component of microfluidic experimentation is a stable fluid handling system capable of accurately providing an inlet flow rate or inlet pressure. Here, we have developed a syringe pump system capable of controlling and regulating the inlet fluid pressure delivered to a microfluidic device. This system was designed using low-cost materials and additive manufacturing principles, leveraging three-dimensional (3D) printing of thermoplastic materials and off-the-shelf components whenever possible. This system is composed of three main components: a syringe pump, a pressure transducer, and a programmable microcontroller. Within this paper, we detail a set of protocols for fabricating, assembling, and programming this syringe pump system. Furthermore, we have included representative results that demonstrate high-fidelity, feedback control of inlet pressure using this system. We expect this protocol will allow researchers to fabricate low-cost syringe pump systems, lowering the entry barrier for the use of microfluidics in biomedical, chemical, and materials research.

Here we present a protocol to construct a pressure-controlled syringe pump to be used in microfluidic applications. This syringe pump is made from an&#160;additively manufactured body, off-the-shelf hardware, and open-source electronics. The resulting system is low-cost, straightforward to build, and delivers well-regulated fluid flow to enable rapid microfluidic research.

Üç boyutlu termoplastik malzemelerin oluşturmak için yazdırma şırınga pompalar geribildirim denetimiyle mikrosıvısal uygulamalar için otomatik

Microfluidics has become a critical tool in research across the biological, chemical, and physical sciences. One important component of microfluidic ...

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds

Osteochondral defects lack sufficient intrinsic repair capacity to regenerate functionally sound bone and cartilage tissue. To this extent, cartilage research has focused on the development of regenerative scaffolds. This article describes the development of scaffolds that are completely derived from natural cartilage extracellular matrix, coming from an equine donor. Potential applications of the scaffolds include producing allografts for cartilage repair, serving as a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering, and providing in vitro models to study tissue formation. By decellularizing the tissue, the donor cells are removed, but many of the natural bioactive cues are thought to be retained. The main advantage of using such a natural scaffold in comparison to a synthetically produced scaffold is that no further functionalization of polymers is required to drive osteochondral tissue regeneration. The cartilage-derived matrix scaffolds can be used for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration in both in vivo and in vitro settings.

Decellularized cartilage-derived scaffolds can be used as a scaffold to guide cartilage repair and as a means to regenerate osteochondral tissue. This paper describes the decellularization process in detail and provides suggestions to use these scaffolds in in vitro settings.

Decellularized matris kıkırdak elde edilen iskele imalatı

Osteochondral defects lack sufficient intrinsic repair capacity to regenerate functionally sound bone and cartilage tissue. To this extent, cartilage ...

Pancreatic Tissue-Derived Extracellular Matrix Bioink for Printing 3D Cell-Laden Pancreatic Tissue Constructs

The transplantation of pancreatic islets is a promising treatment for patients who suffer from type 1 diabetes accompanied by hypoglycemia and secondary complications. However, islet transplantation still has several limitations such as the low viability of transplanted islets due to poor islet engraftment and hostile environments. In addition, the insulin-producing cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells have limited ability to secrete sufficient hormones that can regulate the blood glucose level; therefore, improving the maturation by culturing cells with proper microenvironmental cues is strongly required. In this article, we elucidate protocols for preparing a pancreatic tissue-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (pdECM) bioink to provide a beneficial microenvironment that can increase glucose sensitivity of pancreatic islets, followed by describing the processes for generating 3D pancreatic tissue constructs using a microextrusion-based bioprinting technique.

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can provide suitable microenvironmental cues to recapitulate the inherent functions of target tissues in an engineered construct. This article elucidates the protocols for the decellularization of pancreatic tissue, evaluation of pancreatic tissue-derived dECM bioink, and generation of 3D pancreatic tissue constructs using a bioprinting technique.

3D Hücre Yüklü Pankreas Dokusu Yapıları Baskı için Pankreas Doku Türetilmiş Ekstrasellüler Matrix Bioink

The transplantation of pancreatic islets is a promising treatment for patients who suffer from type 1 diabetes accompanied by hypoglycemia and secondary ...