Bu çalışma Kore (2013R1A1A1061387) Ulusal Araştırma Vakfı ve KU-KIST araştırma fonu tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Öncülünün 1. Hazırlık <ol><li> Grafen oksit (GO) hazırlanması: <ol><li> GO hazırlık Hummer yöntemi 14 modifiye kullanarak <ol><li> Konsantre H2 karışımı grafit pul 3.0 g ekleyin SO 4 3 PO / H 4 (360: 40 mi), oda sıcaklığında karıştırıldı. (Not: Özel bakım PO 4 güçlü asitler SO H 2 4 ve H 3 kullanırken alınmalıdır.) </li><li> Karıştırılarak yavaş yavaş KMnO 4 (18.0 g) ilave edilir ve bir buz banyosunda soğutma &lt;35 ° C de, reaksiyon karışımının sıcaklığını korumak için. (Artmış reaksiyon süresi ile yapışkan hale çözüm verimli karıştırma korumak için uygun bir yöntem kullanmanız gerekir.) (Not: Özel bakım nedeniyle egzotermik reaksiyon KMnO 4 eklerken alınmalıdır.) </li><li> 12 50 ° C de saat ve oda sıcaklığına kadar daha sonra soğuk ve buz üzerine reaksiyon karışımının dökülmesiyle 30% H 2 O 2 (3 mi) ihtiva eden (400 mi) karıştırın. </li><li> R Filtresüpernatant kaldırmak için girmemiş grafit ve santrifüj süzüntü (2 saat 4722 xg hızı) kaldırmak için bir metal ABD Standart test elek (300 mikron) kullanarak eaction karışımı. </li><li> 5.0-6.0 çözelti ulaşma pH kadar tekrar santrifüj 200 ml su, 30% HCI 200 ml etanol içinde 200 ml bir adım ve damıtılmış su tekrarlayın. </li><li> Kabarık GO tozu üretmek için nihai çözüm lyophilize. </li><li> , Nano boyutlu GO çözelti yapmak üçlü damıtılmış su (&gt; 18 M) 40 ml GO tozu 20 mg çözülür ve daha sonra uzun süreli sonikasyon (% 35 genlik, 500 W, 2 saat) ile pul pul amacıyla bütün ebat dağılımı haline gelinceye kadar 150 nm altında, daha sonra çökeltileri (un dağılmış geniş GO yaprak) kaldırmak için bunu iki kez (10.625 xg hızı, 15 dk) santrifüj. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Plasmonik nanopartikül hazırlanması <ol><li> AuNPs hazırlanması <ol><li> Sitrat stabilize küresel şekli altın nanoparçacık (Aun30 nm partiküller boyut Ps, OD = 1,0) r-GO azaltılması için kullanılmıştır. </li></ol></li><li> AuNRs 15 Hazırlanması <ol><li> 0.1 M setiltrimetilamonyum bromid HAuCl 4 (0.01 M), 0.25 ve 9.75 mi mi (CTAB oluşan sulu bir karışım çözeltisi içine oluşturmakta NaBH4 çözeltisi (0.01 M) ihtiva eden yeni hazırlanmış bir 0.6 ml buz gibi soğuk çözeltisi ilave edilerek tohum çözeltisi hazırlayın ). </li><li> 0.5 dakika boyunca şiddetli bir şekilde elde edilen karışım karıştırılır ve sonra 3 saat boyunca 28 ° C&#39;de muhafaza edin. </li><li> CTAB 475 ml (0.1 M) iyodinin 3 (0.01 M) 3 ml HAuCl 4 20 ml (0,01 M) karıştırılarak büyüme çözeltisi hazırlayın. </li><li> Daha sonra taze bir sulu HCI (1.0 M) çözeltisinin 0.8 ml ilave edildi karışımına askorbik asit (0.01 M) 3.2 ml hazırlanabilir ilave edin. </li><li> Son aşamada 28 ° C&#39;de büyüme çözeltisine tohum çözeltisi 3,2 ml ilave C ° ve birkaç saniye için hızlı ters reaksiyon karışımı tabi. Son olarak, keEn az 6 saat boyunca rahatsız edilmeden elde edilen karışımın ep. </li><li> UV-Görünür absorpsiyon maxima için spektroskopisi (λ max) ve TEM analizi ile hazırlanan AuNRs analiz (genellikle λ max ve boy oranı 730 nm ve 3.5 sırasıyla olduğu tespit edildi). </li></ol></li><li> AuNSs 16 Hazırlanması <ol><li> 100 mM konsantrasyona sahip 4- (2-hidroksietil) sulu stok solüsyonu -1-piperazinetansülfonik asit (HEPES) hazırlayın, ve 1.0 M NaOH solüsyonu ilave edilerek 25 ° C&#39;de 7.4 pH ayarlamak. </li><li> 2- [4- (2-hidroksietil) -1-piperazinil] etansülfonik asit (100 mM) 30 ml fosfat tamponu (100 mM) 20 ml karıştırın. </li><li> Daha sonra yukarıdaki karışıma altın (III) klorid trihidrat (20 mM) 500 ul ilave edin, su banyosu içinde 30 dakika için 28.5 ° C &#39;de devam edin. Yeşilimsi mavi ışık sarı çözelti renk değişiklikleri 30 dakika görülebiliyor sonra. </li><li> 30 dakika boyunca 8928 xg hızında çözüm Santrifüj ve dağıtmakdamıtılmış su içinde çökelir. </li><li> Son olarak, sırasıyla 740 nm ve 30 nm, olduğu bulunmuştur, partiküllerin ölçüleri onay için UV-Görünür absorpsiyon maksimumları spektroskopisi (λ max) ve TEM analizi ile hazırlanan AuNSs analiz eder. </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol> 2. Hazırlık Görünür Işık ve AuNPs kullanılması r-GO <ol><li> Plasmonik nanopartiküllerin 1 ml ilave edilir (Abs AuNPs 520 nm, Abs AuNRs 750 nm ve AuNSs 730 nm&#39;de Abs 1,0, sırasıyla en 1.0&#39;da 1.0) ve amonyum hidroksit, 100 ul (% 28, ağ / hac%) olarak bir su-devridaim ceketi ile teçhiz edilmiş bir Pyrex cam bir reaktör içerisine yerleştirildi GO çözeltisi (230 nm, 0,125 mg mi -1 OD 1.0), 10 ml. </li><li> 25 ° C&#39;de sıcaklığı korumak ve daha sonra 15 dakika boyunca 10.625 x g hızında santrifüj çözelti su sirkülasyon ceketi içinden su sirkülasyonu ile 30 dakika boyunca Xe lambası (1,56 W cm -2 arasında güç yoğunluğu) ile karışım ışın tedavisialtın nanopartiküller kaldırmak. </li><li> Içeren süpernatant atın hazırlanan r-GO 200-900 nm aralığında (270 nm belirgin absorpsiyon bandı göstermelidir r-GO) UV-Visible spektrofotometre ile analiz etmek. </li></ol> 3. Hedef DNA Tespit r-GO Çözüm 17 Kullanma <ol><li> Floresans için, (GO 25 ul içeren GO veya r-GO çözeltisi içine 0,125 inç 10 -6 M Cy3 modifiye ssDNA (5&#39;-ATC CTT ATC AAT ATT TAA CAA TAA TCC CTC-Cy3-3 &#39;) 20 ul ekleyin mg ml-1) ya da 0.3 M PBS çözeltisi (10 mM fosfat tampon maddesi, 0.3 M NaCl) 1955 ul r-GO (0.125 mg, ml-1) ve oda sıcaklığında 10 dakika inkübe edilir. </li><li> Spektrofotometreyi (λ = 529 nm ex) ile bu örneklerin floresan yoğunluğu ölçülür. </li><li> Hedef Tespiti için, üç farklı konsantrasyonda (10 -6 &lt;hedef oligonükleotid çözeltisi (5&#39;GAG GGA TTA TTG TTA AAT ATT GAT AAG GAT- 3 &#39;) 200 ul ekleyin/ sup&gt; M, 10 -6 M ssDNA Cy3 20 ul, GO veya r-GO 25 ul içeren GO veya r-GO çözeltisi içine 10 -7 M, 10 -8 M) (0.125 mg ml -1) ve floresan kurtarma deney için 0.3 M PBS 1755 ul. 17 Notlar: Işık Kaynakları ve Reaktör Görünür ışık (400-780 nm) kaynağı. Görünür ışık Pyrex cam reaktör (pencere çapı = 1.1 cm) Xe lamba (1.56 W / cm 2 güç) kullanarak GO çözeltisi içeren yoluyla ışın tedavisi. Reaktöre uygulanan foton enerjisi ve dakika başına 4.8 x 10 21 fotonlar (Şekil 2A-2C) olarak hesaplanmaktadır. Yakın kızılötesi (NIR) lazer. 0,36 W / cm2 güç yoğunluğu ve GO redüksiyon reaksiyonları (Şekil 2E) için yakın kızılötesi ışık kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır mil 808 çalışma dalga boyunun NIR laser (pencere çap = 13,2 cm). Foton enerjisi min başına 2.43 × 10 21 fotonlar olarak hesaplanmıştır. REACtor: Pyrex cam reaktör (pencere çap = 1.1 cm, reaksiyon hacmi = 10 mi) suda sirkülasyon ceketi, görünür ışık ve NIR ışık hem de kullanılan GO redüksiyon reaksiyonları (Şekil 2F) maruz bırakıldı. </li></ol>

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Biz ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Altın nanopartiküller (AuNPs, AuNSs &amp; AuNRs) ile 30 dakika boyunca GO çözeltisi üzerine Görünür ışık ışınlama siyah renk (Şekil 1) açık sarı-kahverengi gelen hızlı renk değişimleri gösterdi. Yüksek verim oldukça saf r-GO ürün elde etmek için, iki önemli faktör izlemeniz gerekir vardır. AuNPs güçlü diğer yapılar (yani, AuNRs, AuNSs) arasında görünür ışığı absorbe çünkü biri etkin plasmonik katalizör olarak AuNPs kullanılmasıdır. Başka bir ...

<html> İlk geliştirilen viski-bant tabanlı yöntem 1 ve kimyasal buhar biriktirme 2 grafen bozulmamış durumunu üretmek için mükemmel yöntemler vardı, ama geniş alana sahip yüzeyde büyük ölçekli grafen sentez veya grafen tabakası oluşumu önemli bir sınırlama olarak kabul edilmiştir Önceki yöntemler. ıslak kimyasal sentetik birinci sayfasını GO üretmek için böyle bir sonikasyon gibi güçlü oksidanlar, geniş fizik tedavi ile reaksiyonları gerektirir yöntem ve oksijen işlevleri gibi nihayet azalma olacak büyük ölçekli r-GO sentezi için olası çözümün 3 Tek olarak GO hidroksi, epoksit ve karbonil grupları orijinal fiziksel özelliklerini geri kazanılması için çok önemlidir. Çoğunlukla 4, GO indirgenmesi (hidrazin veya bunun türevlerini 5 ya da ısıl işlem yöntemi ile kullanılarak kimyasal yöntem ile ya 550-1,100 ° gerçekleştirildiği bir atıl ya da indirgeme atmosferinde C). 6 jove_content &quot;&gt; Bu süreçler zehirli kimyasallar, r-GO sentezi için toplam enerji talebi artırmıştır uzun reaksiyon zamanı ve yüksek sıcaklık gerektirir. 7 UV kaynaklı, 8 foto-termal süreç olarak fotoğraf aydınlatarak azaltma işlemleri darbeli xenon kullanırken Flaş, 9 darbeli lazer 10 ve fotoğraf termal 11 de hazırlanması için rapor edilmiştir kamera flaşı ışıkları ile ısıtma destekli r-GO. Genel olarak, fotoğraf kaynaklı yöntemlerin düşük dönüşüm verimliliği UV veya darbeli kullanımına yayılır yüksek foton enerjisi sunabilirsiniz lazer ışınlama. görünür ışığın düşük foton enerji kullanımı ve r-GO sentezi için çok çekti sınırlar. plasmonik nanopartiküllerin Mükemmel ışık emme özellikleri görülebilir ve / veya NUR bölgelerde ölçüde geçerli sakıncaları artırabilir r-GO sentezi için görünür ışık kullanımı. 12,13 Hafif reaksiyon koşulları, kısa reaksiyon süresi ve toksik ch sınırlı kullanımıemicals kullanışlı bir alternatif yöntem olarak GO fotokatalitik azaltılması destekli görünür ışık kaynaklı Plasmon yapabiliriz. Bu yöntemde, plasmonik nano-tanecikleri ve görülebilir ışık kullanılarak etkili ve basit bir r-GO sentetik bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. Reaksiyonun ilerlemesi gibi küresel altın nanopartiküllerinin (AuNPs), altın nanoçubuklar (AuNRs), ve altın Nanostars (AuNSs) halinde plasmonik nanopartiküllerin yapılar önemli ölçüde bağlı olduğu görülmüştür. AuNPs kullanımı GO en etkili azalma gösterdi ve nanopartiküller tekrarlanan kullanım (Şekil 1) için kolayca sökülebilir ve geri dönüşümlüdür. R-GO görülebilir ışık kullanılarak sentezlenir ve AuNPs ile karşılaştırıldığında hemen hemen eşit kalitesini gösterdi r-GO çeşitli analitik ölçümler ve floresan söndürme / geri kazanım bazlı DNA saptama yöntemi kullanımıyla gösterildiği gibi iyi bilinen kimyasal yöntemle (hidrazin) ile hazırlanmıştır.

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	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy3 modifeid ssDNA</td>
			<td>IDT(Iowa, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>HPLC purified by IDT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold nanoparticles (30 nm)</td>
			<td>Ted Pella, Inc(Redding, CA, USA).</td>
			<td>15706-20</td>
			<td>colloidal solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid (HEPES) (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7365-45-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold(III)Chloride Hydrate (99.999%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>&#160;27988-77-8</td>
			<td>strongly hygroscopic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Borohydride (99.99%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>16940-66-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (&#8805;99%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>57-09-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Ascorbic Acid(&#8805;99.0%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>50-81-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silver Nitrate&#160; (&#8805;99.0%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7761-88-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graphite</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7782-42-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sulfuric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7664-93-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phophoric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7664-38-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium permanganate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7722-64-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxide</td>
			<td>JUNSEI</td>
			<td>23150-0350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>1336-21-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xe-lamp</td>
			<td>&#160;Cermax, Waltham, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIR Laser</td>
			<td>Class-IV, Sanctity Laser, Shanghai, China&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6W (output power)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-Vis spectrophotometer&#160;</td>
			<td>S-3100, SINCO, South Korea</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transmission Electron Microscopy</td>
			<td>H-7650, Hitachi, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectro Fluorometer</td>
			<td>Jasco FP-6500, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer</td>
			<td>AXIS&#8211;NOVA, KRATOS Inc., UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visible-light induced reduction of graphene oxide using plasmonic nanoparticle

Bu çalışma plasmonik nanopartiküller ile görünür ışık ışınlama kullanılarak oda sıcaklığında azaltılmış grafen oksit (r-GO) çözüm üretmek için basit, kimyasal ücretsiz, hızlı ve verimli enerji yöntemi gösterir. Plasmonik nanopartikül GO indirgenmesi etkinliğini arttırmak için kullanılır. Sadece Xe-lambası ile çözümler aydınlatılarak oda sıcaklığında 30 dakika sürer, r-GO solüsyonlar basit bir santrifüj aşamasında altın nanopartikülleri çıkararak elde edilebilir. Diğer nanoyapılar karşılaştırıldığında küresel altın nanopartikülleri (AuNPs) r-GO hazırlanması için en uygun plasmonik nano olup. Indirgenmiş graphene oksit görülebilir ışık kullanılarak hazırlanmış ve AuNPs kimyasal olarak UV-Vis spektroskopisi, Raman spektroskopisi, bir toz XRD ve XPS gibi çeşitli analitik teknikler ile desteklenmiştir grafin oksit, indirgenmiş eşit olarak niteliksel oldu. Görünür ışık ile hazırlanan indirgenmiş grafen oksit flor üzerinde mükemmel söndürme özelliklerini gösterirescent molekülleri ssDNA ve hedef DNA tespiti için mükemmel floresan kurtarma güncellenmiştir. Geri dönüşümlü AuNPs tarafından hazırlanan-GO r kimyasal azaltılmış r-GO o ile aynı kalitede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Plasmonik nanopartikül ile görünür ışığın kullanımı, r-GO sentezi için iyi bir alternatif yöntem gösterilmektedir.

Şekil 1 görünür ışık ve plasmonik nanoparçacık tabanlı r-GO indirgeme reaksiyonu için genel şemasını göstermektedir. 2 reaksiyonlar için enstrümantal kurulumu göstermektedir. Tepkimeden sonra, bu Şekil 3A&#39;da gösterildiği gibi, kullanılan fotokatalist (AuNSs, AuNRs veya AuNPs) çıkarmak için santrifüj adımı gereklidir. HRTEM analizi UV-Görünür analizi ile r yaklaşık 500-800 nm Şekil 3C, soğurma band?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle at JoVE.com

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Görünür bir ışık ve plasmonik nanoparçacık kullanılarak düşük grafin oksit hazırlanması için bir basit bir protokol tarif edilmektedir.

Plasmonik Nanoparçacık Kullanma Grafen Oksit Görünür ışık Bağlı Azaltma

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

visible-light-induced-reduction-graphene-oxide-using-plasmonic

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

14.3K Görüntüleme.  Korea University.  Görünür bir ışık ve plasmonik nanoparçacık kullanılarak düşük grafin oksit hazırlanması için bir basit bir protokol tarif edilmektedir. 

Video: Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on photoconduction, which has been one of the most commonly used techniques for terahertz generation 1-8. Terahertz generation in a photoconductive emitter is achieved by pumping an ultrafast photoconductor with a pulsed or heterodyned laser illumination. The induced photocurrent, which follows the envelope of the pump laser, is routed to a terahertz radiating antenna connected to the photoconductor contact electrodes to generate terahertz radiation. Although the quantum efficiency of a photoconductive emitter can theoretically reach 100%, the relatively long transport path lengths of photo-generated carriers to the contact electrodes of conventional photoconductors have severely limited their quantum efficiency. Additionally, the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown strictly limit the maximum output power of conventional photoconductive terahertz sources. To address the quantum efficiency limitations of conventional photoconductive terahertz emitters, we have developed a new photoconductive emitter concept which incorporates a plasmonic contact electrode configuration to offer high quantum-efficiency and ultrafast operation simultaneously. By using nano-scale plasmonic contact electrodes, we significantly reduce the average photo-generated carrier transport path to photoconductor contact electrodes compared to conventional photoconductors 9. Our method also allows increasing photoconductor active area without a considerable increase in the capacitive loading to the antenna, boosting the maximum terahertz radiation power by preventing the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown at high optical pump powers. By incorporating plasmonic contact electrodes, we demonstrate enhancing the optical-to-terahertz power conversion efficiency of a conventional photoconductive terahertz emitter by a factor of 50 10.

We describe methods for the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of plasmonic photoconductive emitters, which offer two orders of magnitude higher terahertz power levels compared to conventional photoconductive emitters.

Plasmonik Foto iletken Terahertz Vericiler Tasarımı, İmalatı ve Deneysel Karakterizasyonu

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on ...

Mühendislik

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The protocol details the procedures to construct a versatile, reusable, multiple layer, laminated dielectrophoresis chamber. Specifically, six layers of 50 &#181;m x&#160;0.7 cm x&#160;2 cm graphene paper and five layers of double sided tape were alternately stacked together, then clamped to a glass slide. Then a 700 &#956;m diameter micro-well was drilled through the laminated structure using a computer-controlled micro drilling machine. Insulating properties of the tape layer between adjacent graphene layers were assured by resistance tests. Silver conductive epoxy connected alternate layers of graphene paper and formed stable connections between the graphene paper and external copper wire electrodes. The finished device was then clamped and sealed to a glass slide. The electric field gradient was modeled within the multi-layer device. Dielectrophoretic behaviors of 6 &#956;m polystyrene beads were demonstrated in the 1 mm deep micro-well, with medium conductivities ranging from 0.0001 S/m to 1.3 S/m, and applied signal frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. Negative dielectrophoretic responses were observed in three dimensions over most of the conductivity-frequency space and cross-over frequency values are consistent with previously reported literature values. The device did not prevent AC electroosmosis and electrothermal flows, which occurred in the low and high frequency regions, respectively. The graphene paper utilized in this device is versatile and could subsequently function as a biosensor after dielectrophoretic characterizations are complete.

A microdevice with high throughput potential is used to demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) dielectrophoresis (DEP) with novel materials. Graphene nanoplatelet paper and double sided tape were alternately stacked; a 700 &#956;m micro-well was drilled transverse to the layers. DEP behavior of polystyrene beads was demonstrated in the micro-well.

3D Grafen Elektrot dielektroforetik Cihazı Geliştirilmesi

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The ...

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions. Oxide interfaces exhibit a wide range of properties that can be controlled include conduction, piezoelectric behavior, ferromagnetism, superconductivity and nonlinear optical properties. Recently, methods for controlling these properties at extreme nanoscale dimensions have been discovered and developed. Here are described explicit step-by-step procedures for creating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures using a reversible conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The processing steps for creating electrical contacts to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface are first described. Conductive nanostructures are created by applying voltages to a conductive atomic force microscope tip and locally switching the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface to a conductive state. A versatile nanolithography toolkit has been developed expressly for the purpose of controlling the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip path and voltage. Then, these nanostructures are placed in a cryostat and transport measurements are performed. The procedures described here should be useful to others wishing to conduct research in oxide nanoelectronics.

Oxide nanostructures provide new opportunities for science and technology. The interfacial conductivity between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 can be controlled with near-atomic precision using a conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The protocol for creating and measuring conductive nanostructures at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces is demonstrated.

Yazma ve Oksit Nanoyapıların Düşük Sıcaklık Karakterizasyonu

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions.  Oxide ...

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. Additionally, most reported graphene assemblies are held together through physical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces) rather than chemical bonds, which limit their mechanical strength and conductivity. This video method details recently developed strategies to fabricate mass-producible, graphene-based bulk materials derived from either polymer foams or single layer graphene oxide. These materials consist primarily of individual graphene sheets connected through covalently bound carbon linkers. They maintain the favorable properties of graphene such as high surface area and high electrical and thermal conductivity, combined with tunable pore morphology and exceptional mechanical strength and elasticity. This flexible synthetic method can be extended to the fabrication of polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) and polymer/graphene oxide (GO) composite materials. Furthermore, additional post-synthetic functionalization with anthraquinone is described, which enables a dramatic increase in charge storage performance in supercapacitor applications.

This video method describes the synthesis of high surface area, monolithic 3D graphene-based materials derived from polymer precursors as well as single layer graphene oxide.

Sentezi ve 3D Nano-grafen Malzemelerin fonksiyonalizasyonu: Grafen Aerogels ve Graphene Makro Meclisleri

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. ...

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus have potential applications in nonlinear optics, which requires extraordinary optical intensity. One of the most studied nonlinearities in plasmonics is nonlinear absorption, including saturation and reverse saturation behaviors. Although scattering and absorption in nanoparticles are closely correlated by the Mie theory, there has been no report of nonlinearities in plasmonic scattering until very recently. 
Last year, not only saturation, but also reverse saturation of scattering in an isolated plasmonic particle was demonstrated for the first time. The results showed that saturable scattering exhibits clear wavelength dependence, which seems to be directly linked to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Combined with the intensity-dependent measurements, the results suggest the possibility of a common mechanism underlying the nonlinear behaviors of scattering and absorption. These nonlinearities of scattering from a single gold nanosphere (GNS) are widely applicable, including in super-resolution microscopy and optical switches. 
In this paper, it is described in detail how to measure nonlinearity of scattering in a single GNP and how to employ the super-resolution technique to enhance the optical imaging resolution based on saturable scattering. This discovery features the first super-resolution microscopy based on nonlinear scattering, which is a novel non-bleaching contrast method that can achieve a resolution as low as l/8 and will potentially be useful in biomedicine and material studies.

Saturable and reverse saturable scattering were discovered in isolated plasmonic particles and adopted as a novel non-bleaching contrast method in super-resolution microscopy. Here the experimental procedures of detecting and extracting nonlinear scattering are explained in detail, as well as how to enhance resolution with the aid of saturated excitation microscopy.

Tek plasmonik Nanoparçacığı gelen doğrusal olmayan Saçılma Ölçülmesi

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus ...

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use integrated paper microfluidic electrochemical pH sensor for resource-limited settings. Taking advantages from both pH meters and strips, the pH sensing platform is composed of hydrophobic barrier-patterned paper micropad (&#181;PAD) using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with IrO2-graphene films and molded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic holder. Repetitive cathodic potential cycling was employed for graphene oxide (GO) reduction which can completely remove electrochemically unstable oxygenated groups and generate a 2D defect-free homogeneous graphene thin film with excellent stability and electronic properties. A uniform and smooth IrO2 film in nanoscale grain size is anodically electrodeposited onto the graphene film, without any observable cracks. The resulting IrO2-RGO electrode showed slightly super-Nernstian responses from pH 2-12 in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffers with good linearity, small hysteresis, low response time and reproducibility in different buffers, as well as low sensitivities to different interfering ionic species and dissolved oxygen. A simple portable digital pH meter is fabricated, whose signal is measured with a multimeter, using high input-impedance operational amplifier and consumer batteries. The pH values measured with the portable electrochemical paper-microfluidic pH sensors were consistent with those measured using a commercial laboratory pH meter with a glass electrode.

The study demonstrates the growth of iridium oxide-reduced graphene oxide (IrO2-RGO) nanohybrid thin films on irregular and rough screen-printed carbon substrate through a green electrochemical synthesis, and their implementation as a pH sensor with a patterned paper-fluidic platform.

Tek Elektrokimyasal Kağıt mikroakışkan pH Sensörler olarak iridyum Oksit azaltılmış Grafen Oksit nanohibrit İnce Film Modifiye Ekran baskılı Elektrotlar

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use ...

Preparation of ZnO Nanorod/Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Epitaxial Double Heterostructure for Piezoelectrical Nanogenerator by Using Preheating Hydrothermal

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we describe a one-step fabrication technique to synthesis freestanding ZnO nanorod/graphene/ZnO nanorod double heterostructure. The preparation of the double heterostructure is performed by using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and preheating hydrothermal technique. In addition, the morphological properties were characterized by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The utility of freestanding double heterostructure is demonstrated by fabricating the piezoelectric nanogenerator. The electrical output is improved up to 200% compared to that of a single heterostructure owing to the coupling effect of the piezoelectricity between the arrays of ZnO nanorods on the top and bottom of graphene. This unique double heterostructure have a tremendous potential for applications of electrical and optoelectrical devices where the high number density and specific surface area of nanorod are needed, such as pressure sensor, immuno-biosensor and dye-sensitized solar cells.

One-step fabrication method for obtaining freestanding epitaxial double heterostructure is presented. This approach could achieve ZnO coverage with a higher number density than that of the epitaxial single heterostructure, leading to a piezoelectric nanogenerator with an increased output electrical performance.

Ön ısıtma Hidrotermal kullanarak Piezoelektrik Nanogenerator için ZnO Nanorod / Grafen / ZnO Nanorod Epitaksiyel çift heteroyapı hazırlanması

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we ...

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to neutral gold Au(0) by reducing agents, such as sodium citrate or sodium borohydride. The extension of this method to decorate iron oxide or similar nanoparticles with gold nanoparticles to create multifunctional hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles is straightforward. This approach yields fairly good control over Au nanoparticle dimensions and loading onto Fe2O3. Additionally, the Au metal size, shape, and loading can easily be tuned by changing experimental parameters (e.g., reactant concentrations, reducing agents, surfactants, etc.). An advantage of this procedure is that the reaction can be done in air or water, and, in principle, is amenable to scaling up. The use of such optically tunable Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles for hyperthermia studies is an attractive option as it capitalizes on plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles tuned to absorb light strongly in the VIS-NIR region. In addition to its plasmonic effects, nanoscale Au provides a unique surface for interesting chemistries and catalysis. The Fe2O3 material provides additional functionality due to its magnetic property. For example, an external magnetic field could be used to collect and recycle the hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles after a catalytic experiment, or alternatively, the magnetic Fe2O3 can be used for hyperthermia studies through magnetic heat induction. The photothermal experiment described in this report measures bulk temperature change and nanoparticle solution mass loss as functions of time using infrared thermocouples and a balance, respectively. The ease of sample preparation and the use of readily available equipment are distinct advantages of this technique. A caveat is that these photothermal measurements assess the bulk solution temperature and not the surface of the nanoparticle where the heat is transduced and the temperature is likely to be higher.

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. The composite Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

Çok fonksiyonlu Hibrid Fe<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; O<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; Verimli plasmonik Isıtma -Au Nanoparçacıklar

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to ...

Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging

The fabrication of polymer-nanoparticle composites is extremely important in the development of many functional materials. Identifying the precise composition of these materials is essential, especially in the design of surface catalysts, where the surface concentration of the active component determines the activity of the material. Antimicrobial materials which utilize nanoparticles are a particular focus of this technology. Recently swell encapsulation has emerged as a technique for inserting antimicrobial nanoparticles into a host polymer matrix. Swell encapsulation provides the advantage of localizing the incorporation to the external surfaces of materials, which act as the active sites of these materials. However, quantification of this nanoparticle uptake is challenging. Previous studies explore the link between antimicrobial activity and surface concentration of the active component, but this is not directly visualized. Here we show a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence imaging. Using this method, we can quantify the uptake of nanoparticles via swell encapsulation and measure the surface concentration of encapsulated particles, which is key in optimizing the activity of functional materials.

Here we present a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of cadmium selenide quantum dots can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence imaging.