Yazarlar, veri toplama ile yardımcı olmak için, Christopher Green, Bradley Robinson ve Maria Manuela Valladares kabul etmek istiyorum. EEG ekipman finansmanı Kerry Ürdün Multisensör Biliş Lab Araştırma ve Lisansüstü Çalışmalar Ekipman Hibe Utah State Üniversitesi Ofisi tarafından sağlanmıştır. Benjamin Çağrı Dr. Wade Goodridge ile yaptığı çalışmalarla Lisansüstü Eğitim Utah State Üniversitesi School elde Başkanlık Doktora Araştırma Bursu tarafından desteklenmektedir.

<ol>
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The authors declare that they have no conflicting or competing financial interests.

protokol iki tipik uzamsal yetenek araçlardan kaynaklanan sorunların çalışan katılımcılar ve son derece uzaysal mühendislik statiği problemleri için beyin aktivitesini ölçmek için elektroensefalografi uygulanmasını tartışıyor. Burada ayrıntılı yöntemler sonuçta bu sorunları çalışma yapan yüksek ve düşük performans nöral verimliliğini anlamalarına yardımcı olmak için mümkün olabilir. Bu testler genellikle mekansal özelliklerini belirlemek için kullanılır gibi, R: O MCT ve PSVT ...

Uzamsal yetenek (STEM) alanları ve eğitim Bilim, Teknoloji, Mühendislik ve Matematik hayati öneme sahiptir ve bu alanlarda 1,2,3 başarı ile ilişkilidir. Nedenle, 4 çözme nasıl uzamsal yetenek etkiler sorun gelişimini anlamak önemlidir. Uzamsal yetenek mühendislik uzmanları 8 mühendislik akademisyenler 7 ve başarı ilgi 5. performans 6, başarı ile bağlantılı olmuştur. Ancak, birçok uzamsal yetenek aletleri, ne de son derece uzaysal olan özel mühendislik içeriğine tipik sorunların çözümünde belirli sinir süreçleri gösteren bir sürü iş yoktur. Bu yazıda veri toplama ve nöral ölçümlerle birlikte uzamsal yetenek enstrüman puanlarının analizi için kullanılan yöntemlere bir giriş sağlar. Jüpiter ile yayınlanması niyet daha geniş bir kitleye bu yöntemler daha erişilebilir hale getirmektir. Genel kamu donanım ve yazılım werBu çalışmada kullanılan e. Bir yöntemler kağıt gibi, tam sonuç / veri setleri rapor, ne de sağlanan birden örneklerdir değildir. Tüm görüntüler bu yayın için özel olarak ele geçirildi. Aşağıda ayrıntıları verilen yöntemler kadın üçü sekiz üniversite ikinci sınıf öğrencisi yaşlı katılımcıların, elde edilen verilere dayanarak bir ön konferans raporu 9 hazırlanmasında kullanılmıştır. Birçok mevcut araçlar için doğal veya kişiler tarafından öğrenilen uzamsal yetenek düzeylerini belirtmek için kullanılır. 13: yaygın olarak kullanılan iki geçerli ve güvenilir 10,11 aletleri Testi (MCT) 12 Kesme Zihinsel ve Dönmeler Purdue Mekansal Görselleştirme testi (R PSVT) bulunmaktadır. Başlangıçta mesleki 14 tasarlanmış olsa da bu araçların Piagetci teorisi 10,15 tarafından tarif mekansal görselleştirme gelişiminin farklı aşamalarında test edin. Bu enstrümanların kullanımı, altta yatan fizyolojik, bilişsel olaylar existin anlamak için bir ihtiyaç yaratırg bireyler bu sorunların üzerinden çalışırken. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada, sonuçta mekansal düşüncenin analiz ve anlayışı geliştirmek olabilir ampirik fizyolojik veriler kullanılarak yöntemleri vitrin mevcut ölçümlerini test yetenekleri doğrulamak ve mühendislik eğitiminin tipik mekansal değerlendirmelere daha karmaşık sorunlar uygulanabilirliğini artırmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu sorunların pek çok mühendislik Statik karşılaşılan edilebilir. Statik bir temel mekanik Elbette en mühendislik öğrencilerine teslim (örneğin., Biyolojik, Mekanik, İnşaat, Çevre, Uzay Mühendisliği) 16,17. Öğrencilerin çekirdek mühendislik içeriği 18 verilen ilk kapsamlı problem çözme deneyimleri biridir. Statik dinlenme veya sabit bir hızla hareket olan sert bir gövde üzerine uygulanan kuvvetler arasındaki etkileşim gerektirir. Ne yazık ki Statik inves görüldüğü gibi yüksek terkinin, geri çekilmesini ve başarısızlık oranları (% 14 vardırincelenmeli- Üniversitesi) ve bu tür eğitim mekansal gelişmiş yaklaşımlar olarak destek önemli yollar ihmal geleneksel ders ve müfredat teslim modelleri ile ilişkili olabilir. Örneğin, Statik içinde mekansal gelişmiş yaklaşımlar güçleri tipik analitik analiz dışında nasıl etkileşimde görselleştirme hedef ve topraklı kavramsallaştırma ile öğrencilerin usul bilgisini pekiştirebilir. Bu tür müdahalelerin etkinliği bilişsel nörobilimsel bakış açısıyla araştırılması gerekmektedir. Elektroensefalografi (EEG), öğrencilerin beyin aktivitesini ölçme benzersiz ve mobil bir yöntem sunar. Beta aktivasyon ortaya görevleri yerine Bireyler genellikle çok görev özellikleri ile uğraşan ve 19,20 ne yaptığını için özenli vardır. bant genişliği frekansları işgal kortikal alanın boyutunu yaptığı gibi görev artış, beta dalga artar genliği talep olarak. içinde ateş daha nöronlarbeta frekans aralığı (alfa: 8 - 12 Hz, beta: 12 - 24Hz) daha beta gücü olarak tanımlanabilir. tek bir görev daha deneyimli hale geldikçe Buna bağlı olarak, beta dalgalarının genliği daha az beta güç üreten, azalır. Bu sinir verimlilik hipotez 21-28, bir görevi yerine frekans gücü azalma ile ilişkilidir daha fazla görev deneyiminin bir parçasıdır. EEG önce (genellikle zihinsel rotasyon ve mekansal navigasyon görevler için) uzaysal yeteneklerini Çalışmada kullanılan olmasına rağmen - ve uygulanabilir veri alfa, beta tespit edilmiştir ve teta bantlar 27-33 - alfa ve beta bantları bu gözlenmedi çalışma ve beta bu yazıda daha fazla temsilci analiz ve ön konferans raporunda 9 seçildi. böylece beta bant analiz odaklanmak aşağıda tanımlanan prosedürler, ancak oturum açmış verilere bağlı olarak her üç bantları ilgili soruşturma, gelecekte tavsiye edilir. Nöral etkinlik hipotezi satranç, görsel-uzamsal bellek, dengeleme ve dinlenme gibi çeşitli görevler üzerinde test edilmiştir. Bilinen görevleri yaparken, tüm azalmış frekans gücü bir faktör olarak görev deneyimi göstermiştir. Belirli bir çalışma 25 kanıtlar sunmuştur, bu (IQ ile ölçülen) bir kişinin istihbarat bireysel nöral verimlilik katkısı zeka ağır basıyor görevi görevi, deneyim gerçekleştirmek için beceri edinmelerine yardımcı rağmen. Başka bir deyişle, daha bir bireydir deneyimli, daha nöral verimli o olur. Mekansal yeteneği içeren mevcut nöral etkinlik çalışmaları öncelikle mekansal rotasyon odaklanmış ve farklı problem setleri farklı popülasyonlar karşılaştırmak için kullanılır olmuştur (örn., Erkek / kadın) 27-28. Uzamsal yetenek görevleri EEG çalışmaları da diğer görev türlerine performansı karşılaştırarak fikir sağlamıştır (örn., Sözlü görevler)27,29,30. yöntemler bu kağıt odak tartışılan ve MCT, PSVT problemleri karşılaştırmak: uzamsal yetenek ile ilgili ama mekansal rotasyon ve navigasyon bunlarla sınırlı değildir R yanı sıra statik denge görevleri. Diğer mekansal görevler bu yazının örnek olarak verilen olanların yerine kullanılabilir. Bu sayede, ek anlayış, farklı toplumlarda ilgili ileride elde edilebilir (örn., Erkek / kadın veya uzman / acemi) sonuçta mühendislik eğitim uygulamalarını geliştirmek yardımcı olur. uzamsal yetenek ve mühendislik yetenek araştırmak için bir çaba, belirli mekansal ve mühendislik görevleri sınırlı bir pil sırasında yüksek performanslı katılımcılara düşük performans gösteren beta dalgası aktivasyonları tanımlamak için EEG ölçümleri kullanan bir protokol geliştirmiştir. Bu durumda, süreli yüksek performans katılımcının performansına ilişkin olup, ilgili alanda harcanan zaman miktarı yansıtıcı değilöğrenci, tüm katılımcıların eğitimde yaklaşık aynı noktada olduğu gibi. Ayrıca, ilgili problem seti oldukça spesifik ve temel; böylece terimleri &quot;uzman&quot; ya da &quot;yüksek performanslı&quot; Burada bir uzman, profesyonel çalışan mühendis anlamında inceledi, ama mühendislik mekaniği müfredat ve uzamsal yetenek araçlarının bu dar dilim sadece yüksek performans temsil edilmemelidir. Nöral ölçümler de görev türleri zorluk düzeyleri ile ilgili olası yorumuyla, diğerlerinden daha bilişsel kaynakları işe olabilecek olan herhangi bir brüt eğilimlerini tespit etmek için kullanılabilir. Bu bilgiler, potansiyel uzamsal yetenek bakımından gelecekte değerlendirme ve müdahale içgörü sağlayabilir. Diğer gelecek içgörü nedeniyle kullanılan EEG donanım mevcut kanalların sınırlı sayıda bu çalışmada mümkün değildi beynin, daha spesifik bölgeleri dikkate alarak elde edilebilir.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Emotiv EPOC Model 1.0</td>
			<td>Emotiv</td>
			<td>Model: Emotiv Premium</td>
			<td>&#34;High resolution, multi-channel, portable EEG system.&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Emotiv Control Panel (software)</td>
			<td>Emotiv</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for data collection.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Emotiv Testbench (software)</td>
			<td>Emotiv</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for data collection.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Virtual Serial Port Emulator - VSPE (software)</td>
			<td>ETERLOGIC.COM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used COM10 in data collection. Available as a free download, depending on the operating system.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E-Prime 2.0 (software)</td>
			<td>Psychology Software Tools</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for data collection (presentation of problems to participants and collection of markers for different phases).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EEGLab 13.4.4b (software)</td>
			<td>Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience (SCCN)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for data analysis. &#34;An open source environment for electrophysiological signal processing&#34;. SCCN is a Center of the Institute for Neural Computation, the University of California San Diego.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MATLAB R2014b</td>
			<td>The Mathworks, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used to run EEGLab</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsoft Excel 2013</td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used to assemble and compare tabulated results from EEGLab &#38; MATLAB, to create tables</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camcorder with built in Mic</td>
			<td>Canon</td>
			<td>CNVHFR50</td>
			<td>Used to record sessions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Kit (5cc syringe &#38; 2 16g blunted needles)</td>
			<td>Electro-Cap Intnl. Inc.</td>
			<td>E7</td>
			<td>For keeping the EEG cap&#39;s felts damp.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuprep EEG Skin Prep Gel</td>
			<td>Weaver and Company</td>
			<td>10-30</td>
			<td>For cleaning the mastoid process.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sanitizer</td>
			<td>Purell</td>
			<td>S-12808</td>
			<td>For sanitizing hands</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

utilizing electroencephalography measurements for comparison of task-specific neural efficiencies: spatial intelligence tasks

Mekansal zeka genellikle mühendislik eğitimi ve mühendislik mesleklerinde başarıya bağlıdır. elektroensefalografi kullanımı da çözüm elde etmek için mekansal yeteneği gerektiren ardışık görevleri gerçekleştirmek olarak bireylerin sinir verimlilik karşılaştırmalı hesaplanmasını mümkün kılar. Burada Sinir verim daha az beta aktivasyonu olan ve bu nedenle diğer gruplar ya da diğer görevler ile karşılaştırıldığında bir görevi gerçekleştirmek için, daha az sinir kaynak harcadığı olarak tanımlanır. benzer süreler ile görevler arası görev karşılaştırmalar için, bu ölçümler görev tipi zorluk bir karşılaştırma mümkün kılabilir. içi katılımcı ve inter-katılımcı karşılaştırmalar için, bu ölçümler uzamsal yetenek ve farklı mühendislik problem çözme görevleri katılımcının düzeyine potansiyel bilgi sağlar. Seçilen görevler performans analiz ve beta faaliyetleri ile ilişkili olabilir. Bu çalışma öğrencilerin eng nöral verimliliğini okuyan detaylı bir araştırma protokolü sunarTipik uzamsal yetenek ve Statik problemleri çözmede yaş. Ve statiği: Öğrenciler Mental özgü sorunları Testi (MCT) Dönmeler, Purdue Mekansal Görselleştirme testi (R PSVT) Kesme tamamladı. Bu sorunların çözümünde meşgul iken, katılımcıların beyin dalgaları EEG alfa ve beta beyin dalgası aktivasyonu ve kullanımına ilişkin verilerin toplanması için izin ile ölçüldü. iş mühendisliğinde başarılı performans yollar ve takip edebilir mühendislik eğitiminde ortaya çıkan gelişmeleri tespit etmek mekansal yoğun mühendislik görevleri ile saf mekansal görevler üzerinde fonksiyonel performansı korelasyon görünüyor.

aşağıda açıklandığı gibi, bu bölümde, önceki adımlar örnek rakamlar ile gösterilmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı yöntemlerine odaklanmak olduğu gibi istatistiksel testler ile tam veri özetleri, verilmemektedir. Potansiyel PSVT örnekler: R, MCT ve mekansal sorunlar, sırasıyla, Şekil 1, Şekil 2 ve Şekil 3&#39;te verilmiştir. EEG kap Şekil 7&#39;de gösterildiği gibi paralel görülebilir verilen her bir kanal, elektrik potansiyelleri ile beyin ak...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks at JoVE.com

Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

Bu el yazması mekansal odaklı mühendislik problemlerini çözerken insanların sinir aktivitesini ölçmek için bir yaklaşım anlatılmaktadır. EEG yöntemi sonuçta sorun türleri arasında ve katılımcılar arasında hem görev performansı karşılaştırmaları sağlayan amacıyla, nöral verimlilik açısından beta beyin dalgası ölçümleri yorumlamaya yardımcı olur.

Görev Özgü Sinir Efficiencies Karşılaştırma için Elektroensefalografi Ölçümler kullanmak: Mekansal Zeka Görevleri

Spatial intelligence is often linked to success in engineering education and engineering professions. The use of electroencephalography enables ...

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Introduction to Psychology

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Unit 1

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

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11.3K Görüntüleme.  Utah State University.  Bu el yazması mekansal odaklı mühendislik problemlerini çözerken insanların sinir aktivitesini ölçmek için bir yaklaşım anlatılmaktadır. EEG yöntemi sonuçta sorun türleri arasında ve katılımcılar arasında hem görev performansı karşılaştırmaları sağlayan amacıyla, nöral verimlilik açısından beta beyin dalgası ölçümleri yorumlamaya yardımcı olur. 

Video: Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Recent studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal human walking. Part of this evidence encompasses studies, including our previous work, demonstrating that gait kinematics and limb coordination during treadmill walking can be inferred from the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) with reasonably high decoding accuracies. These results provide impetus for development of non-invasive brain-machine-interface (BMI) systems for use in restoration and/or augmentation of gait- a primary goal of rehabilitation research. To date, studies examining EEG decoding of activity during gait have been limited to treadmill walking in a controlled environment. However, to be practically viable a BMI system must be applicable for use in everyday locomotor tasks such as over ground walking and turning. Here, we present a novel protocol for non-invasive collection of brain activity (EEG), muscle activity (electromyography (EMG)), and whole-body kinematic data (head, torso, and limb trajectories) during both treadmill and over ground walking tasks. By collecting these data in the uncontrolled environment insight can be gained regarding the feasibility of decoding unconstrained gait and surface EMG from scalp EEG.

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Development of an effective brain-machine-interface (BMI) system for restoration and rehabilitation of bipedal locomotion requires accurate decoding of user's intent. Here we present a novel experimental protocol and data collection technique for simultaneous non-invasive acquisition of neural activity, muscle activity, and whole-body kinematics during various locomotion tasks and conditions.

Eşzamanlı Derisi Elektroensefalografi (EEG), elektromiyografi (EMG) ve Multi-modal Sinir kod çözme için Tüm vücut bölüm Ataletsel Kayıt

Recent  studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal  human walking. Part of this evidence  encompasses studies, ...

Davranış

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have developed visual cognitive tasks for rats using the Floor Projection Maze1,2&#160;that are optimized for visual abilities of rats permitting stronger comparisons of experimental findings with other species.
In order to investigate neural correlates of learning and memory, we have integrated electrophysiological recordings into fully automated cognitive tasks on the Floor Projection Maze1,2. Behavioral software interfaced with an animal tracking system allows monitoring of the animal's behavior with precise control of image presentation and reward contingencies for better trained animals. Integration with an in vivo electrophysiological recording system enables examination of behavioral correlates of neural activity at selected epochs of a given cognitive task.
We describe protocols for a model system that combines automated visual presentation of information to rodents and intracranial reward with electrophysiological approaches. Our model system offers a sophisticated set of tools as a framework for other cognitive tasks to better isolate and identify specific mechanisms contributing to particular cognitive processes.

We describe protocols for training rats for chronic electrophysiological recordings in fully automated cognitive tasks on a Floor Projection Maze.

Zemin Projeksiyon Maze kullanma Kayıt Sinir Aktivitesi otomatik Görsel Bilişsel Görevler

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have ...

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Patients having stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode, subdural grid or depth electrode implants have a multitude of electrodes implanted in different areas of their brain for the localization of their seizure focus and eloquent areas. After implantation, the patient must remain in the hospital until the pathological area of brain is found and possibly resected. During this time, these patients offer a unique opportunity to the research community because any number of behavioral paradigms can be performed to uncover the neural correlates that guide behavior. Here we present a method for recording brain activity from intracranial implants as subjects perform a behavioral task designed to assess decision-making and reward encoding. All electrophysiological data from the intracranial electrodes are recorded during the behavioral task, allowing for the examination of the many brain areas involved in a single function at time scales relevant to behavior. Moreover, and unlike animal studies, human patients can learn a wide variety of behavioral tasks quickly, allowing for the ability to perform more than one task in the same subject or for performing controls. Despite the many advantages of this technique for understanding human brain function, there are also methodological limitations that we discuss, including environmental factors, analgesic effects, time constraints and recordings from diseased tissue. This method may be easily implemented by any institution that performs intracranial assessments; providing the opportunity to directly examine human brain function during behavior.

Patients implanted with intracranial electrodes provide a unique opportunity to record neurological data from multiple areas of the brain while the patient performs behavioral tasks. Here, we present a method of recording from implanted patients that can be reproducible at other institutions with access to this patient population.

İntrakraniyal Elektrotlarla Bireylerde Davranış Görevler Sahne

Patients having stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode, subdural grid or depth electrode implants have a multitude of electrodes implanted in ...

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Behavioral assays are commonly used for the assessment of sensorimotor impairment in the central nervous system (CNS). The most sophisticated methods for quantifying locomotor deficits in rodents is to measure minute disturbances of unconstrained gait overground (e.g., manual BBB score or automated CatWalk). However, cortical inputs are not required for the generation of basic locomotion produced by the spinal central pattern generator (CPG). Thus, unconstrained walking tasks test locomotor deficits due to motor cortical impairment only indirectly. In this study, we propose a novel, precise foot-placement locomotor task that evaluates cortical inputs to the spinal CPG. An instrumented peg-way was used to impose symmetrical and asymmetrical locomotor tasks mimicking lateralized movement deficits. We demonstrate that shifts from equidistant inter-stride lengths of 20% produce changes in the forelimb stance phase characteristics during locomotion with preferred stride length. Furthermore, we propose that the asymmetric walkway allows for measurements of behavioral outcomes produced by cortical control signals. These measures are relevant for the assessment of impairment after cortical damage.

Here, we present a protocol to quantify precise stepping in rodents. Cortical and the spinal central pattern generator signals are required for precise foot-placement during obstructed locomotion. We report here the novel constrained walking task that directly examines precise stepping behavior.

Asimetrik Yürüme Yolu: Asimetrik Locomotion incelenmesi için Yeni Bir Davranış Testi

Behavioral assays are commonly used for the assessment of sensorimotor impairment in the central nervous system (CNS). The most sophisticated methods for ...

Using the Activity-based Anorexia Rodent Model to Study the Neurobiological Basis of Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness characterized by excessively restricted caloric intake and abnormally high levels of physical activity. A challenging illness to treat, due to the lack of understanding of the underlying neurobiology, AN has the highest mortality rate among psychiatric illnesses. To address this need, neuroscientists are using an animal model to study how neural circuits may contribute toward vulnerability to AN and may be affected by AN. Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is a bio-behavioral phenomenon described in rodents that models the key symptoms of anorexia nervosa. When rodents with free access to voluntary exercise on a running wheel experience food restriction, they become hyperactive &#8211; running more than animals with free access to food. Here, we describe the procedures by which ABA is induced in adolescent female C57BL/6 mice. On postnatal day 36 (P36), the animal is housed with access to voluntary exercise on a running wheel. After 4 days of acclimation to the running wheel, on P40, all food is removed from the cage. For the next 3 days, food is returned to the cage (allowing animals free food access) for 2 hr daily. After the fourth day of food restriction, free access to food is returned and the running wheel is removed from the cage to allow the animals to recover. Continuous multi-day analysis of running wheel activity shows that mice become hyperactive within 24 hr following the onset of food restriction. The mice run even during the limited time during which they have access to food. Additionally, the circadian pattern of wheel running becomes disrupted by the experience of food restriction. We have been able to correlate neurobiological changes with various aspects of the animals&#8217; wheel running behavior to implicate particular brain regions and neurochemical changes with resilience and vulnerability to food-restriction induced hyperactivity.

Here we present a protocol to induce activity-based anorexia (ABA) in female adolescent mice. ABA is a condition of hyperactivity evoked by imposing food restriction on rodents with access to a running wheel. This phenomenon is being used as a model to study the underlying neurobiology of anorexia nervosa.

Faaliyet tabanlı Anoreksiya Kemirgen Modeli Kullanılarak Anoreksiya Nervoza nörobiyolojik temellerinin Eğitim için

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness characterized by excessively restricted caloric intake and abnormally high levels of physical activity. A ...

Using Laser Doppler Imaging and Monitoring to Analyze Spinal Cord Microcirculation in Rat

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a noninvasive method for blood flow (BF) measurement, which makes it preferable for measuring microcirculatory alterations of the spinal cord. In this article, our goal was to use both Laser Doppler imaging and monitoring to analyze the change of BF after spinal cord injury. Both the laser Doppler image scanner and the probe/monitor were being employed to obtain each readout. The data of LDPI provided a local distribution of BF, which gave an overview of perfusion around the injury site and made it accessible for comparative analysis of BF among different locations. By intensely measuring the probing area over a period of time, a combined probe was used to simultaneously measure the BF and oxygen saturation of the spinal cord, showing overall spinal cord perfusion and oxygen supply. LDF itself has a few limitations, such as relative flux, sensitivity to movement, and biological zero signal. However, the technology has been applied in clinical and experimental study due to its simple setup and rapid measurement of BF.

Here we present a combination of laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM) to measure spinal cord local blood flows and oxygen saturation (SO2), as well as a standardized procedure for introducing spinal cord trauma on rat.

Lazer Doppler görüntüleme ve izleme sıçan Spinal kord mikro analiz etmek için kullanma

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a noninvasive method for blood flow (BF) measurement, which makes it preferable for measuring microcirculatory ...

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

The memory game paradigm is a behavioral procedure to explore the relationship between language, spatial memory, and object knowledge. Using two different versions of the paradigm, spatial language use and memory for object location are tested under different, experimentally manipulated conditions. This allows us to tease apart proposed models explaining the influence of object knowledge on spatial language (e.g., spatial demonstratives), and spatial memory, as well as understanding the parameters that affect demonstrative choice and spatial memory more broadly. Key to the development of the method was the need to collect data on language use (e.g., spatial demonstratives: &#34;this/that&#34;) and spatial memory data under strictly controlled conditions, while retaining a degree of ecological validity. The language version (section 3.1) of the memory game tests how conditions affect language use. Participants refer verbally to objects placed at different locations (e.g., using spatial demonstratives: &#34;this/that red circle&#34;). Different parameters can be experimentally manipulated: the distance from the participant, the position of a conspecific, and for example whether the participant owns, knows, or sees the object while referring to it. The same parameters can be manipulated in the memory version of the memory game (section 3.2). This version tests the effects of the different conditions on object-location memory. Following object placement, participants get 10 seconds to memorize the object&#39;s location. After the object and location cues are removed, participants verbally direct the experimenter to move a stick to indicate where the object was. The difference between the memorized and the actual location shows the direction and strength of the memory error, allowing comparisons between the influences of the respective parameters.

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

We present a protocol to explore the relationship between spatial language production, spatial memory, and object knowledge. The procedure allows experimental manipulation of, and control over, conditions of object knowledge, language at instruction, and physical location, thus teasing apart cognitive and linguistic models describing interactions between these variables.

(Kayma) hafıza oyunu: kayma dil, nesne bilgi ve mekansal biliş arasındaki ilişki test

The memory game paradigm is a behavioral procedure to explore the relationship between language, spatial memory, and object knowledge. Using two different ...

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice

Evolution has selected a repertoire of defensive behaviors that are essential for survival across all animal species. These behaviors are often stereotyped actions elicited in response to innately aversive sensory stimuli, but their success requires enough flexibility for adapting to different spatial environments, which can change rapidly. Here, we describe a behavioral assay to evaluate the influence of learned spatial knowledge on defensive behaviors in mice. We have adapted the widely used Barnes maze spatial memory assay to investigate how mice navigate to a shelter during escape responses to innately aversive sensory stimuli in a novel environment, and how they adapt to acute changes in the environment. This new assay is an ethological paradigm that does not require training and exploits the natural exploration patterns and navigation strategies in mice. We propose that the set of protocols described here are a powerful means of studying goal-directed behaviors and stimulus-triggered navigation, which should be of interest to both the fields of instinctive behaviors and spatial memory.

This protocol describes a behavioral assay, based on the Barnes maze test, to study how instinctive defensive actions are modified by the knowledge of spatial environment.

Fareler içgüdüsel savunma sırasında kayma bellek rolünün araştırılması için davranışsal bir tahlil

Evolution has selected a repertoire of defensive behaviors that are essential for survival across all animal species. These behaviors are often ...

Using Electroencephalography Measurements and High-quality Video Recording for Analyzing Visual Perception of Media Content

This article explores a method to detect differences in visual perception in humans. The method used is based on the psychological (or "cognitive") function of eyeblinks. Participants' eyeblinks are detected and acquired while watching videos specifically created for the investigation. The detection and acquisition of eyeblinks are carried out with the help of a 20-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) wireless device. The international 10-20 system for electrode placement is followed. A high-definition (HD) video camera is used to record participants' facial expressions, for contrast purposes. Instead of using pre-existing media content, purpose-made video content has been created following specific criteria of interest for this investigation, with stimuli enabling researchers to manage the precise parameters of interest. Otherwise, results could be contaminated with uncontrolled variables. The synchronization of the presentation of video stimuli with EEG recordings needs to be done in milliseconds. Analysis of collected data is performed with robust software for working with big matrices. Statistically significant differences in eyeblink rate related to media professionalization and editing style are found with the reported experimental procedures.

We present detection, acquisition, and analysis of eyeblink rates while watching media content.

Görsel algı ortam içeriği analiz etmek için elektroansefalografi ölçümleri ve yüksek kaliteli Video kaydı kullanma

This article explores a method to detect differences in visual perception in humans. The method used is based on the psychological (or "cognitive") ...

Utilizing a Reconfigurable Maze System to Enhance the Reproducibility of Spatial Navigation Tests in Rodents

Several maze shapes are used to test spatial navigation performance and behavioral phenotypes. Traditionally, each experiment requires a unique maze shape, thus requiring several separate mazes in different configurations. The maze geometry cannot be reconfigured in a single environment to accommodate scalability and reproducibility. The reconfigurable maze is a unique approach to address the limitations, allowing quick and flexible configurations of maze pathways in a repeatable manner. It consists of interlocking pathways and includes feeders, treadmills, movable walls, and shut-off sensors. The current protocol describes how the reconfigurable maze can replicate existing mazes, including the T-shaped, plus-shaped, W-shaped, and figure-eight mazes. Initially, the T-shaped maze was constructed inside a single experimental room, followed by modifications. The rapid and scalable protocol outlined herein demonstrates the flexibility of the reconfigurable maze, achieved through the addition of components and behavioral training phases in a stepwise manner. The reconfigurable maze systematically and precisely assesses the performance of multiple aspects of spatial navigation behavior.

The present protocol describes a reconfigurable maze, a unique system for testing spatial navigation and behavioral phenotypes in rodents. The adaptability of this maze system enables the execution of various experiments in a single physical environment. The ease of structural rearrangement generates reliable and reproducible experimental results.

Kemirgenlerde Mekansal Navigasyon Testlerinin Yeniden Üretilebilirliğini Artırmak için Yeniden Yapılandırılabilir Bir Labirent Sistemi Kullanmak

Several maze shapes are used to test spatial navigation performance and behavioral phenotypes. Traditionally, each experiment requires a unique maze ...