We would like to acknowledge Mr. Ryohei Suganuma and Ms. Sakie Tachibana who helped perform the research. This study was supported in part by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 15K20664, 24500848, and 21500405. This study was also funded in part by the MEXT/JST Tenure Track Promotion Program. A part of this study was based on the Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2011-169881 and the Japanese Patent No. 5708911.

Not: Analiz yöntemi de dahil olmak üzere düzenek olup, Medical tarafından onaylandı insan denekler üzerinde deney protokolü gibi Japon İncelenmemiş Patent Başvurusu Yayınları No. 2011-169881 ve Japon Patenti No. 5708911. Bu çalışma ile kaplanmıştır Kanazawa Üniversitesi Etik Komitesi (# 553-1). Terleme İzleme Aygıtı için 1. Ön Koşul NOT: İlk kullanımdan önce sadece bir kez bu adımları uygulayın. <ol><li> Bilgisayarda 27 evrensel seri veri yolu (USB) -Serial noktası dönüşüm arayüzü sürücülerini yükleyin. sürücüler yüklü ise, bu adımı atlayın. </li><li> USB kablosu ile bilgisayara USB seri port dönüşüm arayüzü bağlayın. Varsa otomatik sürücü kurulumu için bekleyin. </li><li> Dönüşüm arayüzü parametrelerini ayarlamak ve aşağıdaki gibi seri bağlantı noktası kimlik numarasını kontrol edin. <ol><li> aygıt yöneticisi açın ve [View]→ [Türüne göre Cihazlar]. </li><li> başlığı &quot;Bağlantı Noktaları (COM ve LPT)&quot; bulun ve listedeki &quot;UART Bridge CP210x USB&quot; içeren başlığı bulmak için bölümünü genişletin. </li><li> &quot;UART Bridge CP210x USB&quot; başlığı liman (örneğin, &quot;COM5&quot;) kimlik numarasını ezberlemek. </li><li> Çift &quot;, UART Bridge CP210x USB&quot; linkine tıklayın ve &quot;Bağlantı Noktası Ayarları&quot; sekmesini açın. </li><li> aşağıdaki gibi parametreleri ayarlayın. &quot;saniyede Bit&quot; = 9600, &quot;Veri bitleri&quot; = 8, &quot;Parite&quot; = &quot;Yok&quot;, &quot;&quot; = &quot;Hiçbiri kontrolü&quot; = 1 ve &quot;bit Dur Akış&quot; </li><li> Pencereyi kapatmak ve aygıt yöneticisi kapatmak için &quot;Tamam&quot; düğmesine tıklayın. </li></ol></li></ol> Terleme İzleme Cihazı 2. Kur NOT: Cihazı kullanmadan önce aşağıdaki gibi kayıt ayarlarını yapın. birden fazla cihaz kullanılması durumunda her bir cihaz için bu adımları tekrarlayın. <ol><li> Pil terleme izleme cihazı takılı olmadığından emin olun. </li><li> terleme izleme cihazının üst kısmındaki yuvasına USB-seri port dönüşüm arayüzü beyaz konnektörü. </li><li> aşağıdaki gibi cihaz parametrelerini ayarlayarak ardından terleme kayıt yazılımı çalıştırın. <ol><li> &quot;Ayarlar&quot; sekmesini açın. </li><li> seri port kimlik numarası &quot;COM&quot; sayısını ayarlayın (adım 1.3.3 bakınız). </li><li> &quot;Bağlantı onayla&quot; düğmesine tıklayın. mesajı &quot;Connected ...&quot; görünüp görünmediğini kontrol edin. </li><li> &quot;Veri Dosya Klasör&quot; ayarlarda, sürücüyü seçin ve terleme verileri kaydedileceği klasörü seçin. alt klasörü seçmek için çift klasör açmak için tıklayın. </li><li> &quot;4.&quot; için &quot;delik sayısı&quot; olarak ayarlayın </li></ol></li><li> &quot;Tedbir &amp; Rec&quot; sekmesini açın ve istenen numune zaman &quot;Zaman Aralığı&quot; olarak ayarlayın. </li><li> Bir keçenin eklemeterleme izleme cihazına ery. </li><li> Kuru silika jel ile cihazı (renk göstergesi varsa rengi mavi ya da yeşil renkte olmalıdır) doldurun ve kapağını kapatın. kapağı tamamen kapatmaz takdirde, silis jel miktarını azaltır. </li><li> terleme kayıt yazılımı &quot;Şimdi günlüğü Başlat&quot; butonuna tıklayın. NOT: terleme kayıt hemen kesildikten sonra başlar çünkü izleme başladı edilene kadar, terleme izleme cihazı bağlı kalabilir. </li></ol> Sempatik Deri Tepki Ölçümü için 3. Kur (SSR) Not: Bu adımlarda palmar SSR olarak sempatik faaliyetlerini izlemek için tasarlanmıştır ve mutlaka ter izleme kendisi için gerekli değildir. SSR gibi üzgün ve konsantrasyon 28,29 olarak sempatik uyarılma uyarılması göre cilt potansiyel bir değişimdir. <ol><li> SSR kaydedilecek olan cildi temizlemekalkollü bir bezle. </li><li> Bir elektrot macunu vasıtasıyla, sırasıyla, geri elin, avuç anot, katot ve topraklama elektrodu koyun ve bilek. tıbbi bant ile elektrotlar sabitleyin. </li><li> Hassasiyet = 1 mV / V, yüksek kesim filtresi ( &quot;HI CUT&quot;) = 3 kHz ve Düşük kesme filtresi ( &quot;LO CUT&quot;) = 0.5 aşağıdaki gibidir: amplifikatörünün ilgili düğmeleri çevirerek enstrümantasyon amplifikatör koşulları belirlemek hz. </li><li> SSR kayıt yazılımını çalıştırmak ve yazılımda &quot;Başlat Ölçme&quot; butonuna tıklayarak 200 Hz örnekleme hızında kayda başlamak. </li></ol> Ter 4. Kayıt <ol><li> terleme izleme cihazının altındaki bir tıbbi çift taraflı bant koyun. Bir kaset koyarak, ölçüm pencereler (cihazın alt kısmında yani dört delik) tıkalı olmadığından emin olun. </li><li> conve USB seri bağlantı noktasından terleme izleme aygıtını çıkarınrsion arayüzü. Hemen bağlantısı kesildikten sonra, terleme izleme otomatik olarak başlar gözlemleyin. LED lambası yanıp emin olun. </li><li> Tıbbi çift taraflı bant yayın astarını çıkarın ve terleme izlenecek cilt üzerinde terleme izleme cihazı koymak. </li><li> Su buharı difüzyon stabilizasyonu için 10 dakika bekleyin. NOT: Bu işlem takip edilemez olsa da, önceki çalışma 10 dakika bekledikten istikrarlı izleme 26 için yeterli olduğunu onaylamıştır. </li><li> Muayene (örneğin, sempatik aktivite testi) başlatın. </li><li> Muayeneden sonra, deriden ter izleme aygıtı kaldırın. SSR kaydı durdurmak için, SSR kayıt yazılımı &quot;Dur Ölçme&quot; düğmesini tıklayın ve cilt tüm elektrotlar kaldırın. </li></ol> 5. Terleme Analizi <ol><li> USB seri port dönüşüm interfa için ter izleme aygıtı bağlayınce (adım 2.2 gibi). </li><li> terleme izleme yazılımı çalıştırın. </li><li> &quot;Ayarlar&quot; sekmesini açın ve &quot;Bağlantı onayla&quot; butonuna tıklayın. </li><li> &quot;Tedbir &amp; Rec&quot; sekmesini açın ve belirtilen klasöre cihazın ham verileri kaydetmek için &quot;Download&quot; butonuna tıklayın (adım 2.3.4 bakınız). </li><li> aşağıdaki gibi ter analizi yapın. <ol><li> &quot;Analiz&quot; sekmesini açın ve tıklayın &quot;Veri Oku Dosya.&quot; &quot;Dosya Aç&quot; iletişim pop up gözlemleyin. Adım 5.4 kaydettiğiniz dosyayı seçin ve sonra &quot;Aç&quot; düğmesine tıklayın. NOT: Yazılım otomatik olarak yayınlanan yönteme 26 dayalı terleme analizi gerçekleştirir ve sonuç ekranda belirecektir. Aynı zamanda, virgülle ayrılmış değerler biçimi olarak terleme verileri aynı klasöre kaydedilir. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Hardy, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiology+of+temperature+regulation.">Physiology of temperature regulation.</a> Physiol. Rev. 41, 521-606 (1961).</li><li>Niepomniszcze, H., Amad, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skin+disorders+and+thyroid+diseases.">Skin disorders and thyroid diseases.</a> J. Endocrinol. Invest. 24 (8), 628-638 (2001).</li><li>Korpelainen, J. T., Sotaniemi, K. A., Myllyla, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperhidrosis+as+a+reflection+of+autonomic+failure+in+patients+with+acute+hemispheral+brain+infarction.+An+evaporimetric+study.">Hyperhidrosis as a reflection of autonomic failure in patients with acute hemispheral brain infarction. An evaporimetric study.</a> Stroke. 23 (9), 1271-1275 (1992).</li><li>Fealey, R. D., Low, P. A., Thomas, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermoregulatory+sweating+abnormalities+in+diabetes+mellitus.">Thermoregulatory sweating abnormalities in diabetes mellitus.</a> Mayo Clin Proc. 64 (6), 617-628 (1989).</li><li>Leung, A. K., Chan, P. Y., Choi, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperhidrosis.">Hyperhidrosis.</a> Int J Dermatol. 38 (8), 561-567 (1999).</li><li>Kronenberg, F., Cote, L. J., Linkie, D. M., Dyrenfurth, I., Downey, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Menopausal+hot+flashes:+thermoregulatory,+cardiovascular,+and+circulating+catecholamine+and+LH+changes.">Menopausal hot flashes: thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and circulating catecholamine and LH changes.</a> Maturitas. 6 (1), 31-43 (1984).</li><li>Gibson, L. E., Cooke, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+test+for+concentration+of+electrolytes+in+sweat+in+cystic+fibrosis+of+the+pancreas+utilizing+pilocarpine+by+iontophoresis.">A test for concentration of electrolytes in sweat in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas utilizing pilocarpine by iontophoresis.</a> Pediatrics. 23 (3), 545-549 (1959).</li><li>Swinn, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sweating+dysfunction+in+Parkinson's+disease.">Sweating dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.</a> Mov. Disord. 18 (12), 1459-1463 (2003).</li><li>Davidson, J. R., Foa, E. B., Connor, K. M., Churchill, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperhidrosis+in+social+anxiety+disorder.">Hyperhidrosis in social anxiety disorder.</a> Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 26 (7-8), 1327-1331 (2002).</li><li>Gun Park, D., Chul Shin, S., Won Kang, S., Tae Kim, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+flexible+self+adhesive+patch+for+professional+heat+stress+monitoring+service.">Development of flexible self adhesive patch for professional heat stress monitoring service.</a> Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 4, 3789-3792 (2005).</li><li>Pickup, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preliminary+evaluation+of+a+skin+conductance+meter+for+detecting+hypoglycemia+in+diabetic+patients.">Preliminary evaluation of a skin conductance meter for detecting hypoglycemia in diabetic patients.</a> Diabetes Care. 5 (3), 326-329 (1982).</li><li>Stenstrom, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+study+on+skin+humidity+in+leprosy+patients+using+a+new+type+of+humidity+meter.">A study on skin humidity in leprosy patients using a new type of humidity meter.</a> Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis. 52 (1), 10-18 (1984).</li><li>Monty, C. N., Wujcik, E. K., Blasdel, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flexible+Electrode+for+Detecting+Changes.">Flexible Electrode for Detecting Changes.</a> in Temperature, Humidity, and Sodium Ion Concentration in Sweat. , (2013).</li><li>Wujcik, E. K., Blasdel, N. J., Trowbridge, D., Monty, C. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ion+Sensor+for+the+Quantification+of+Sodium+in+Sweat+Samples.">Ion Sensor for the Quantification of Sodium in Sweat Samples.</a> IEEE Sens. J. 13 (9), 3430-3436 (2013).</li><li>Blasdel, N. J., Wujcik, E. K., Carletta, J. E., Lee, K. S., Monty, C. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabric+Nanocomposite+Resistance+Temperature+Detector.">Fabric Nanocomposite Resistance Temperature Detector.</a> IEEE Sens. J. 15 (1), 300-306 (2015).</li><li>Jia, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrochemical+tattoo+biosensors+for+real-time+noninvasive+lactate+monitoring+in+human+perspiration.">Electrochemical tattoo biosensors for real-time noninvasive lactate monitoring in human perspiration.</a> Anal. Chem. 85 (14), 6553-6560 (2013).</li><li>Huang, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stretchable,+wireless+sensors+and+functional+substrates+for+epidermal+characterization+of+sweat.">Stretchable, wireless sensors and functional substrates for epidermal characterization of sweat.</a> Small. 10 (15), 3083-3090 (2014).</li><li>Rose, D. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adhesive+RFID+Sensor+Patch+for+Monitoring+of+Sweat+Electrolytes.">Adhesive RFID Sensor Patch for Monitoring of Sweat Electrolytes.</a> IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 62 (6), 1457-1465 (2015).</li><li>Gao, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fully+integrated+wearable+sensor+arrays+for+multiplexed+in+situ+perspiration+analysis.">Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis.</a> Nature. 529 (7587), 509-514 (2016).</li><li>Nilsson, G. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+water+exchange+through+skin.">Measurement of water exchange through skin.</a> Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 15 (3), 209-218 (1977).</li><li>Tagami, H., Kobayashi, H., Kikuchi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+portable+device+using+a+closed+chamber+system+for+measuring+transepidermal+water+loss:+comparison+with+the+conventional+method.">A portable device using a closed chamber system for measuring transepidermal water loss: comparison with the conventional method.</a> Skin Res. Technol. 8 (1), 7-12 (2002).</li><li>Nuutinen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+closed+unventilated+chamber+for+the+measurement+of+transepidermal+water+loss.">A closed unventilated chamber for the measurement of transepidermal water loss.</a> Skin Res. Technol. 9 (2), 85-89 (2003).</li><li>Imhof, R. E., De Jesus, M. E., Xiao, P., Ciortea, L. I., Berg, E. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Closed-chamber+transepidermal+water+loss+measurement:+microclimate,+calibration+and+performance.">Closed-chamber transepidermal water loss measurement: microclimate, calibration and performance.</a> Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 31 (2), 97-118 (2009).</li><li>Sakaguchi, M., Ono, N., Ohhashi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+skin+moisture+meter+using+absolute+hygrosensor.">A new skin moisture meter using absolute hygrosensor.</a> Tech. Rep. IEICE. 98 (309), 43-47 (1998).</li><li>Sakaguchi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+the+new+ventilation+capsule+type+sweating-evaporation+ratemeter+-+measurements+of+local+sweating+rates+and+evaporation+rates.">Development of the new ventilation capsule type sweating-evaporation ratemeter - measurements of local sweating rates and evaporation rates.</a> Tech. Rep. IEICE. 106 (253), 65-68 (2006).</li><li>Ogai, K., Fukuoka, M., Kitamura, K., Uchide, K., Nemoto, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+small+wireless+device+for+perspiration+monitoring.">Development of a small wireless device for perspiration monitoring.</a> Med. Eng. Phys. 38 (4), 391-397 (2016).</li><li>Claus, D., Schondorf, R., Deuschl, G., Eisen, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sympathetic+skin+response.">Sympathetic skin response.</a> Recommendations for the Practice of Clinical Neurophysiology Guidelines of the International Federation of Clinical Physiology (EEG Suppl. 52). , 277-282 (1999).</li><li>Emad, M., Roshanzamir, S., Dabbaghmanesh, A., Ghasempoor, M. Z., Eivazlou, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inclusion+of+Height+and+Limb+Length+when+Interpreting+Sympathetic+Skin+Response.">Inclusion of Height and Limb Length when Interpreting Sympathetic Skin Response.</a> Iran J Med Sci. 41 (1), 48-52 (2016).</li></ol>

The author Fukuoka Masakazu is the president of the Rousette Strategy Inc., where the developed device was assembled. No financial support was received from either Fukuoka Masakazu or the Rousette Strategy Inc.

Bu yazının amacı bir roman, kablosuz terleme izleme cihazı kullanımını tanıtmaktır. mühendislik son gelişmeler sayesinde, zamansal ter izlenmesi için daha doğru, kolay sap yöntemleri önerilmiştir; havalandırmalı odacık yöntemi 24,25 ve buhar basıncı difüzyon yöntemi 23 için temsili örnekleridir. Bununla birlikte, havalandırılmış oda yönteminin, kuru azot ya da bir kuru atmosfer üretilmesi için kurutucu ile bir pompa kullanılması gerekir ve bu nedenle, dış büyü...

Genel olarak &quot;terleme&quot; olarak bilinen insan terleme, termoregülasyon 1 bir mekanizma değildir, ama aynı zamanda hastalıkların belirli türde ile ilgilidir. Güneş çarpması, hiper veya hipotroidizm 2, beyin enfarktüsü 3, diabetes mellitus 4 dysautonomia 5, menopoz ( &quot;hot flaş&quot; olarak da bilinir) 6, sistik fibroz 7, Parkinson hastalığı 8 ve sosyal: Anormal terleme etyolojisi de dahil olmak üzere, geniş bir anksiyete bozukluğu 9. Terleme ile ilgili hastalıkların sayısı ışığında, bu tür hastalıkların erken tanı ya da tahmini için ter oranlarını izlemek için yararlı kabul edilmiştir (örneğin, güneş çarpması önlenmesi) bir yerde bir şekilde 10. Bugüne kadar, ter izleme cihazları sadece az sayıda önerilmiştir. İlk günlerde, deri iletkenliği ve bağıl nem dolaylı i kullanıldıterleme 11,12 miktarının ndices. Bunlar ter elektrolit analizi yerine, bir miktar veya terleme zamansal modeli için tasarlanmıştır, ancak son olarak, terleme izlenmesi için, esnek, takılabilir sensörleri birkaç çeşit, 13-19 önerilmiştir. Su buharı difüzyon hesaplama cilt 20-23 su değişimi izleme daha nicel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, bu tüketir su buharı 21,22, ya da (3), bir soğutma sıvısı (örneğin, Peltier cihazı doğal akışını tespit etmek için (1), dış atmosfer yine olduğu varsayımını ve sürekli 20, (2) yeterli hassasiyet gerektirir elektrik önemli miktarda) sıvı 23&#39;e su buharını yoğunlaştırmak için; böylece, her gün ve uzun vadeli izleme için zor olabilir. Bir alternatif olarak, bir havalandırılmış oda yönteminin, 20,24,25 geliştirilmiştir. havalandırmalı bölme yöntemiyle, kuru nitrojen ya da nemi havayaderiden buharlaştınldı, su buharı bir nitrojen gaz tankı ve bir pompa ve gaz deriye bitişik küçük bir oda içinde infiltre edilir toplanır. deriden su buharı miktarı çıkış ve giriş gazı nem farkından hesaplanabilir. Bu yöntem çok hassas terleme miktarı tahmin edilebilir, ancak, bir nitrojen gaz tankı ya da mekanik bir pompa kadar günlük izleme engellemek için, genellikle büyüktür. Bu sakıncaları gidermek için, son zamanlarda bir kurutucu odaklı zorunlu su buharı akışı ile kapalı bir bölme, hassas ve uzun süreli izleme 26 etkin olduğu ter izlenmesi için yeni bir cihaz geliştirdik. Bu cihaz, bir kayıt mikroişlemci ve silis jel (Şekil 1) sahip bir silindirik plastik dış sıcaklık / bağıl nem (T / RH) sensöründen oluşmaktadır. Prensip olarak, dış atmosfer su buharı akışı ve soğutma sıvısı veya ventilatin engel olmamalıdırg odası gerekli değildir. Terleme profilleri tablo yazılımı 26 kullanarak çözme denklem elde edilebilir. Bir önceki çalışmada sadece gelişmiş cihazın ilkesini göstermiştir ve Alan kısıtlamalarından dolayı cihazı kullanmak için nasıl ayrıntılı bir yöntem ihmal etmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, bu nedenle, bir örnek olarak sempatik aktivite testi sırasında stres kaynaklı palmar terleme kayıt göstererek, ter izleme için geliştirilen cihazı kullanmak için nasıl ayrıntılı bir yöntem göstermektir.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1173">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="4" height="21" style="height:21px;width:1173px;">Required for perspiration monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Perspiration monitoring device</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Rousette Strategy Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">SNT-200</td>
			<td style="width:465px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">USB-serial port conversion interface</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Rousette Strategy Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">UUI-200</td>
			<td style="width:465px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Perspiration recording software</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Rousette Strategy Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">TED99</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Silica gel</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">194-16665</td>
			<td>Type A silica gel should be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Medical double-sided tape</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">2181</td>
			<td>Medical grade is recommended because of the attachment to the skin.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Computer</td>
			<td style="width:264px;"></td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td>Requires Windows operating system.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Catalog</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="4" height="21" style="height:21px;width:1173px;">Required for the monitoring of sympathetic skin response</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Instrumentation amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nihon Kohden Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">AB-611J</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Amplifier chassis</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nihon Kohden Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">MEG-6108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Input box</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nihon Kohden Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">JB-610B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Alcohol swab</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Suzuran Sanitary Goods Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">4545766050846</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Electrodes</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nihon Kohden Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">NE-114A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Electrode paste</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nihon Kohden Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Z-401CE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Medical tape</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nichiban Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">SG257</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Analog signal interface</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Micro Science K.K.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">C BOX-014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Analog-to-digital converter</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Micro Science K.K.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">ADM-686PCI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">SSR recording software</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Matsuyama Advance Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">LaBDAQ2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a detailed protocol for perspiration monitoring using a novel, small, wireless device

Terleme izleme hastalar bozuklukların habersiz ya da zorluk semptomlarını ifade yaşıyorsanız, özellikle bu tür termoregülasyon ve zihinsel bozukluklar gibi bazı hastalıkların, tespiti için kullanılabilir. Şu ana kadar, ter izlenmesi için çeşitli cihazlar geliştirilmiştir; Bununla birlikte, bu tür cihazların nispeten büyük bir dış, önemli bir güç tüketimi ve / veya daha az hassasiyet sahip olma eğilimindedir. Son zamanlarda, ter izleme için küçük, kablosuz aygıtı geliştirdi. Cihaz, küçük bir silindir şeklindeki dış bir kurutucu gibi bir sıcaklık / bağıl nem (T / RH) sensör, batarya ile çalışan küçük bir veri kayıt ve silis jel oluşur. T / nem sensör tarama pencere (deri boyunca su buharı girer) ve silika jel arasına yerleştirilir. terleme izleme cihazının altında yatan ilke su buharı akı f anlamına Fick Kanunu dayanmaktadırSilika jel (yani transepidermal su kaybı ve terleme) cildi rom T / RH sensörüne nem değişikliği ile yakalanabilir. Buna ek olarak, bir temel çıkarma yöntemi terleme ve transepidermal su kaybını ayırt etmek kabul edilmiştir. Önceki raporunda gösterildiği gibi, geliştirilen cihaz kolay, kablosuz bir şekilde vücudun herhangi bölgelerinde terlemeyi izleyebilir. Ancak, cihazı kullanmak için nasıl ayrıntılı yöntemler henüz açıklanmamıştır. Bu yazıda, bu nedenle, biz örnek olarak sempatik deri yanıtı izleme ile sempatik aktivite testi göstererek, ter izleme cihazı kullanmak için nasıl nokta-by-point öğreticiler göstermek istiyorum.

Terleme izleme (Şekil 1) ve Fick yasası tabanlı hesaplama bu yeni cihaz kullanarak, zamansal terleme profilleri kolay, kablosuz bir şekilde elde edilebilir. 2 sempatik aktivite testi sırasında kablosuz terleme izleme temsili verileri göstermektedir. Deneyde, ter izleme cihazı, sempatik deri cevabı (SDC) izleme için elektrotlar ile birlikte deneğin avuç bağlıydı. Sempatik aktivite testi için, konu oturmak ve aşağıdaki g...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device at JoVE.com

A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

Recently, we developed a small wireless device for perspiration monitoring. In this article, we present detailed protocols on how to use the device for perspiration monitoring with an example of the sympathetic activity test.

Bir Roman kullanarak Terleme İzleme Detaylı Protokol, Küçük Kablosuz Aygıt

Perspiration monitoring can be utilized for the detection of certain diseases, such as thermoregulation and mental disorders, particularly when the ...

a-detailed-protocol-for-perspiration-monitoring-using-novel-small

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

7.8K Görüntüleme.  Kanazawa University. Recently, we developed a small wireless device for perspiration monitoring. In this article, we present detailed protocols on how to use the device for perspiration monitoring with an example of the sympathetic activity test.

Video: A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies

The accurate quantification of peripheral neuropathy is important to define at risk patients, anticipate deterioration, and assess new therapies. Conventional methods assess neurological deficits and electrophysiology and quantitative sensory testing quantifies functional alterations to detect neuropathy. However, the earliest damage appears to be to the small fibres and yet these tests primarily assess large fibre dysfunction and have a limited ability to demonstrate regeneration and repair. The only techniques which allow a direct examination of unmyelinated nerve fibre damage and repair are sural nerve biopsy with electron microscopy and skin-punch biopsy. However, both are invasive procedures and require lengthy laboratory procedures and considerable expertise. Corneal Confocal microscopy is a non-invasive clinical technique which provides in-vivo imaging of corneal nerve fibres. We have demonstrated early nerve damage, which precedes loss of intraepidermal nerve fibres in skin biopsies together with stratification of neuropathic severity and repair following pancreas transplantation in diabetic patients. We have also demonstrated nerve damage in idiopathic small fibre neuropathy and Fabry's disease.

Corneal Confocal microscopy is a non-invasive clinical technique which may be used to quantify C fibre damage to diagnose and stratify patients with increasing neuropathic severity.

Kornea Konfokal Mikroskop: Periferik Nöropatiler Küçük Fiber Patoloji belirlememize • Bir Roman Non-invaziv Tekniği

The accurate quantification of peripheral neuropathy is important to define at risk patients, anticipate deterioration, and assess new therapies. ...

Tıp

A Novel Technique of Rescuing Capsulorhexis Radial Tear-out using a Cystotome

Part 1 : Purpose: To demonstrate a capsulorhexis radial tear out rescue technique using a cystotome on a virtual reality cataract surgery simulator and in a human eye. Part 2 : Method: Steps: When a capsulorhexis begins to veer radially towards the periphery beyond the pupillary margin the following steps should be applied without delay. 2.1) Stop further capsulorhexis manoeuvre and reassess the situation. 2.2) Fill the anterior chamber with ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD). We recommend mounting the cystotome to a syringe containing OVD so that the anterior chamber can be reinflated rapidly. 2.3) The capsulorhexis flap is then left unfolded on the lens surface. 2.4) The cystotome tip is tilted horizontally to avoid cutting or puncturing the flap and is engaged on the flap near the leading edge of the tear but not too close to the point of tear. 2.5) Gently push or pull the leading edge of tear opposite to the direction of tear. 2.6) The leading tearing edge will start to do a 'U-Turn'. Maintain the tension on the flap until the tearing edge returns to the desired trajectory. Part 3 : Results: Using our technique, a surgeon can respond instantly to radial tear out without having to change surgical instruments. Changing surgical instruments at this critical stage runs a risk of further radial tear due to sudden shallowing of anterior chamber as a result of forward pressure from the vitreous. Our technique also has the advantage of reducing corneal wound distortion and subsequent anterior chamber collapse. Part 4 : Discussion The EYESI Surgical Simulator is a realistic training platform for surgeons to practice complex capsulorhexis tear-out techniques. Capsulorhexis is the most important and complex part of phacoemulsification and endocapsular intraocular lens implantation procedure. A successful cataract surgery depends on achieving a good capsulorhexis. During capsulorhexis, surgeons may face a challenging situation like a capsulorhexis radial tear-out. A surgeon must learn to tackle the problem promptly without making the situation worse. Some other methods of rescuing the situation have been described using a capsulorhexis forceps. However, we believe our method is quicker, more effective and easier to manipulate as demonstrated on the EYESi surgical simulator and on a human eye. Acknowledgments: List acknowledgements and funding sources. We would like to thank Dr. Wael El Gendy, for video clip. Disclosures: describe potential conflicting interests or state We have nothing to disclose. References: 1. Brian C. Little, Jennifer H. Smith, Mark Packer. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006; 32:1420 1422, Issue-9. 2. Neuhann T. Theorie und Operationstechnik der Kapsulorhexis. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1987; 1990: 542-545. 3. Gimbel HV, Neuhann T. Development, advantages and methods of the continuous circular capsulorhexis technique. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1990; 16: 31-37. 4. Gimbel HV, Neuhann T. Continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. (letter) J Cataract Refract Sur. 1991; 17: 110-111.

Capsulorhexis is an important step in phacoemulsification surgery. A surgeon creates a continous curvilinear tear on the anterior lens capsule by controlling the tearing vector forces. A peripherally extended tear is a serious complication. This video demonstrates a novel technique of rescuing capsular radial tear out using a cystotome.

Bir Cystotome kullanarak Radyal Kurtarma kapsüloreksis Roman Tekniği Gözyaşı-

Part 1 : Purpose:   To demonstrate a capsulorhexis radial tear out rescue technique using a cystotome on a virtual reality cataract surgery simulator and ...

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

This article demonstrates a psychological stress protocol for use in a laboratory setting. Protocols that allow researchers to study the biological pathways of the stress response in health and disease are fundamental to the progress of research in stress and anxiety.1 Although numerous protocols exist for inducing stress response in the laboratory, many neglect to provide a naturalistic context or to incorporate aspects of social and psychological stress. Of psychological stress protocols, meta-analysis suggests that the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is the most useful and appropriate standardized protocol for studies of stress hormone reactivity.2 In the original description of the TSST, researchers sought to design and evaluate a procedure capable of inducing a reliable stress response in the majority of healthy volunteers.3 These researchers found elevations in heart rate, blood pressure and several endocrine stress markers in response to the TSST (a psychological stressor) compared to a saline injection (a physical stressor).3 Although the TSST has been modified to meet the needs of various research groups, it generally consists of a waiting period upon arrival, anticipatory speech preparation, speech performance, and verbal arithmetic performance periods, followed by one or more recovery periods. The TSST requires participants to prepare and deliver a speech, and verbally respond to a challenging arithmetic problem in the presence of a socially evaluative audience.3 Social evaluation and uncontrollability have been identified as key components of stress induction by the TSST.4 In use for over a decade, the goal of the TSST is to systematically induce a stress response in order to measure differences in reactivity, anxiety and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) or sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis during the task.1 Researchers generally assess changes in self-reported anxiety, physiological measures (e.g. heart rate), and/or neuroendocrine indices (e.g. the stress hormone cortisol) in response to the TSST. Many investigators have adopted salivary sampling for stress markers such as cortisol and alpha-amylase (a marker of autonomic nervous system activation) as an alternative to blood sampling to reduce the confounding stress of blood-collection techniques. In addition to changes experienced by an individual completing the TSST, researchers can compare changes between different treatment groups (e.g. clinical versus healthy control samples) or the effectiveness of stress-reducing interventions.1

This article describes a protocol for inducing psychological stress in participants, which enables researchers to measure psychological, physiological and neuroendocrine responses to stress within single participants or between groups.

Psikolojik Stres Başlatmaya Trier Sosyal Stres Testi Protokolü

This article demonstrates a psychological stress protocol for use in a laboratory setting.  Protocols that allow researchers to study the biological ...

Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body temperature that is observed during fever. The use of hyperthermia as an adjuvant has emerged as a promising procedure for tumor regression in the field of cancer biology. For this purpose, the most important requirement is to have reliable and uniform heating protocols. We have developed a protocol for hyperthermia (whole body) in mice. In this protocol, animals are exposed to cycles of hyperthermia for 90 min followed by a rest period of 15 min. During this period mice have easy access to food and water. High body temperature spikes in the mice during first few hyperthermia exposure cycles are prevented by immobilizing the animal. Additionally, normal saline is administered in first few cycles to minimize the effects of dehydration. This protocol can simulate fever like conditions in mice up to 12-24 hr. We have used 8-12 weeks old BALB/Cj female mice to demonstrate the protocol.

This paper describes a protocol for whole body hyperthermia in mice that can stimulate fever like conditions up to 12-24 hr.

Farelerde Uzun Süre Whole Body Hipertermi için protokol

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body ...

Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas

This dissection and sampling procedure was developed for the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD) program to standardize preparation of pancreas recovered from cadaveric organ donors. The pancreas is divided into 3 main regions (head, body, tail) followed by serial transverse sections throughout the medial to lateral axis. Alternating sections are used for fixed paraffin and fresh frozen blocks and remnant samples are minced for snap frozen sample preparations, either with or without RNAse inhibitors, for DNA, RNA, or protein isolation. The overall goal of the pancreas dissection procedure is to sample the entire pancreas while maintaining anatomical orientation.
Endocrine cell heterogeneity in terms of islet composition, size, and numbers is reported for human islets compared to rodent islets 1. The majority of human islets from the pancreas head, body and tail regions are composed of insulin-containing &beta;-cells followed by lower proportions of glucagon-containing &alpha;-cells and somatostatin-containing &delta;-cells. Pancreatic polypeptide-containing PP cells and ghrelin-containing epsilon cells are also present but in small numbers. In contrast, the uncinate region contains islets that are primarily composed of pancreatic polypeptide-containing PP cells 2. These regional islet variations arise from developmental differences. The pancreas develops from the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds in the foregut and after rotation of the stomach and duodenum, the ventral lobe moves and fuses with the dorsal 3. The ventral lobe forms the posterior portion of the head including the uncinate process while the dorsal lobe gives rise to the rest of the organ. Regional pancreatic variation is also reported with the tail region having higher islet density compared to other regions and the dorsal lobe-derived components undergoing selective atrophy in type 1 diabetes4,5.
Additional organs and tissues are often recovered from the organ donors and include pancreatic lymph nodes, spleen and non-pancreatic lymph nodes. These samples are recovered with similar formats as for the pancreas with the addition of isolation of cryopreserved cells. When the proximal duodenum is included with the pancreas, duodenal mucosa may be collected for paraffin and frozen blocks and minced snap frozen preparations.

This video demonstrates a dissection procedure for processing human pancreas into multiple storage formats. Anatomical orientation is maintained throughout the pancreatic regions to allow definition of regional islet composition and density.

İnsan Pankreas için Toplama Protokolü

This dissection and sampling procedure was developed for the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD) program to standardize preparation ...

Parabiosis in Mice: A Detailed Protocol

Parabiosis is a surgical union of two organisms allowing sharing of the blood circulation. Attaching the skin of two animals promotes formation of microvasculature at the site of inflammation. Parabiotic partners share their circulating antigens and thus are free of adverse immune reaction. First described by Paul Bert in 18641, the parabiosis surgery was refined by Bunster and Meyer in 1933 to improve animal survival2. In the current protocol, two mice are surgically joined following a modification of the Bunster and Meyer technique. Animals are connected through the elbow and knee joints followed by attachment of the skin allowing firm support that prevents strain on the sutured skin. Herein, we describe in detail the parabiotic joining of a ubiquitous GFP expressing mouse to a wild type (WT) mouse. Two weeks after the procedure, the pair is separated and GFP positive cells can be detected by flow cytometric analysis in the blood circulation of the WT mouse. The blood chimerism allows one to examine the contribution of the circulating cells from one animal in the other.

Parabiotic joining of two organisms leads to the development of a shared circulatory system. In this protocol, we describe the surgical steps to form a parabiotic connection between a wild-type mouse and a constitutive GFP-expressing mouse.

Farelerde parabiyoz: Detaylı Bir Protokol

Parabiosis is a surgical union of two organisms allowing sharing of the blood circulation. Attaching the skin of two animals promotes formation of ...

A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine

Preparing whole mounts of the mouse small intestine and colon for subsequent analysis or quantification can be time consuming and difficult. We describe the use of a simple device to cut and &#8216;roll&#8217; mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations of superior and uniform quality to that which can be achieved by hand. The device comprises a base that holds 4 stainless steel rods and a top, which acts a cutting guide. The rods are inserted into the lumen of the small intestine [divided into thirds] and the colon. The rods and samples are then placed over a piece of filter paper or card into the holding slots in the base of the device. The top of the device is then positioned and serves as a cutting guide. The two angled sections in the center of the top piece are used to guide a knife or scalpel and cut the intestines longitudinally on the top of the rods. Once the intestinal sections have been cut, the top is removed and the card,&#160;tissue and rods gently removed from the device and placed on the bench. The rods are then gently rolled sideways to flatten and stick the intestinal segments onto the underlying piece of filter paper or card. The final preparation can then be examined or fixed and stored for later analysis. The preparations are invaluable for the study of intestinal changes in normal or genetically modified mouse models. The preparations have been used for the study and quantification of the effects of inflammation (colitis), damage, pre-cancerous lesions (aberrant crypt foci (ACFs) and mucin depleted foci (MDFs)) and polyps or tumors.

The use of a simple device to cut and &#8216;roll&#8217; mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations is described.

Basit Aygıt Hızla Fare Bağırsak Tüm Mounts Hazırlanır

Preparing whole mounts of the mouse small intestine and colon for subsequent analysis or quantification can be time consuming and difficult. We describe ...

A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is now widely used in neurosurgical critical patients. Besides mean ICP value, the ICP derived parameters such as ICP waveform, amplitude of pulse (AMP), the correlation of ICP amplitude and ICP mean (RAP), pressure reactivity index (PRx), ICP and arterial blood pressure (ABP) wave amplitude correlation (IAAC), and so on, can reflect intracranial status, predict prognosis, and can also be used as guidance of proper treatment. However, most of the clinicians focus only on the mean ICP value while ignoring these parameters because of the limitations of the current devices. We have recently developed a multimodality monitoring system to address these drawbacks. This portable, user-friendly system will use a data collecting and storing device to continuously acquire patients&#39; physiological parameters first, i.e., ABP, ICP, and oxygen saturation, and then analyze these physiological parameters. We hope that the multimodality monitoring system will be accepted as a key measure to monitor physiological parameters, to analyze the current clinical status, and to predict the prognosis of the neurosurgical critical patients.

Recently, we have developed a portable multimodality monitoring system for the monitoring of various physiological parameters in neurosurgical critical patients. Detailed protocols on how to use this multimodality monitoring system are presented here.

Fizyolojik parametreler için detaylı bir protokol toplama ve analizi Nöroşirürji kritik hastalarda

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is now widely used in neurosurgical critical patients. Besides mean ICP value, the ICP derived parameters such as ...

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The amount of the different tissues in the callus provides important information on the fracture healing progress. Available in vivo techniques to longitudinally monitor the callus tissue development in preclinical fracture-healing studies using small animals include digital radiography and &#181;CT imaging. However, both techniques are only able to distinguish between mineralized and non-mineralized tissue. Consequently, it is impossible to discriminate cartilage from fibrous tissue. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualizes anatomical structures based on their water content and might therefore be able to noninvasively identify soft tissue and cartilage in the fracture callus. Here, we report the use of an MRI-compatible external fixator for the mouse femur to allow MRI scans during bone regeneration in mice. The experiments demonstrated that the fixator and a custom-made mounting device allow repetitive MRI scans, thus enabling longitudinal analysis of fracture-callus tissue development.

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

The evaluation of tissue development in the fracture callus during endochondral bone healing is essential to monitor the healing process. Here, we report the use of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible external fixator for the mouse femur to allow MRI scans during bone regeneration in mice.

Vivo Fare uyluk için bir MRI uyumlu Osteosentez aygıtı kullanma farelerde kemik iyileşme sırasında kırık Kallus gelişimi değerlendirme

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The ...

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Preservation of glomerular structure and function is pivotal in the prevention of glomerulonephritis, a category of kidney disease characterized by proteinuria which can eventually lead to chronic and end-stage renal disease. The glomerulus is a complex apparatus responsible for the filtration of plasma from the body. In disease, structural integrity is lost and allows for the abnormal leakage of plasma contents into the urine. A method to isolate and examine glomeruli in culture is critical for the study of these diseases. In this protocol, an efficient method of retrieving intact glomeruli from adult rat kidneys while conserving structural and morphological characteristics is described. This process is capable of generating high yields of glomeruli per kidney with minimal contamination from other nephron segments. With these glomeruli, injury conditions can be mimicked by incubating them with a variety of chemical toxins, including protamine sulfate, which causes foot process effacement and proteinuria in animal models. Degree of injury can be assessed using transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. Nephrin and Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) levels can also be assessed from these cultures. Due to the ease and flexibility of this protocol, the isolated glomeruli can be utilized as described or in a way that best suits the needs of the researcher to help better study glomerular health and structure in diseased states.

The main focus of this protocol is to efficiently isolate viable primary glomeruli cultures with minimal contaminants for use in a variety of downstream applications. The isolated glomeruli retain structural relationships between component cell types and can be cultured ex vivo for a short time.

Yetişkin sıçan böbrek üzerinden olduğu gibi Glomeruli yalıtmak için verimli bir eleme yöntemi

Preservation of glomerular structure and function is pivotal in the prevention of glomerulonephritis, a category of kidney disease characterized by ...