Bu iş için destek VNJ için SAC ve bir NIH eğitim bursu (T32NS007453) bir Cincinnati Çocuk Hastanesi Tıp Merkezi vekillere Ödülü tarafından sağlandı

<ol>
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F., Finiels, F., Revah, F., Mallet, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuromuscular+function+impairment+is+not+caused+by+motor+neurone+loss+in+FALS+mice:+an+electromyographic+study.">Neuromuscular function impairment is not caused by motor neurone loss in FALS mice: an electromyographic study.</a> Neuroreport. 7 (8), 1427-1431 (1996).</li><li>Pinto, S., Alves, P., Pimentel, B., Swash, M., de Carvalho, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasound+for+assessment+of+diaphragm+in+ALS.">Ultrasound for assessment of diaphragm in ALS.</a> Clin Neurophysiol. 127 (1), 892-897 (2016).</li><li>Stewart, H., Eisen, A., Road, J., Mezei, M., Weber, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electromyography+of+respiratory+muscles+in+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis.">Electromyography of respiratory muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a> J Neurol Sci. 191 (1-2), 67-73 (2001).</li><li>Arnulf, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sleep+disorders+and+diaphragmatic+function+in+patients+with+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis.">Sleep disorders and diaphragmatic function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 161, 849-856 (2000).</li><li>Bennett, J. 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H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accessory+respiratory+muscles+enhance+ventilation+in+ALS+model+mice+and+are+activated+by+excitatory+V2a+neurons.">Accessory respiratory muscles enhance ventilation in ALS model mice and are activated by excitatory V2a neurons.</a> Exp Neurol. 287 (Pt. 2, 192-204 (2017).</li><li>Moldovan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nerve+excitability+changes+related+to+axonal+degeneration+in+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis:+Insights+from+the+transgenic+SOD1(G127X)+mouse+model.">Nerve excitability changes related to axonal degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Insights from the transgenic SOD1(G127X) mouse model.</a> Exp Neurol. 233 (1), 408-420 (2012).</li><li>Pagliardini, S., Gosgnach, S., Dickson, C. 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Yazarlar ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Burada gösterilen prosedür, aynı hayvanda bir çok ay boyunca solunum kası etkinliği ve havalandırma invazif olmayan (vericinin ilk cerrahi implantasyon sonrası) ölçülmesini sağlar. Bu teknik, anestezi uygulanmış farelerde standart EMG tekniklere göre bazı avantajları vardır: Deneyler daha az fareler gerektirir ve bunun yerine) farklı hastalık aşamalarında çok sayıda fareler kullanılarak arasında (hastalık aşamaları boyunca tek bir fare aynı sitesinden veri kayıt olanağı sağlar 1); 2) Ve...

Aksesuar solunum kaslarının (ARM) yüksek talep (örneğin, egzersiz) zamanlarında havalandırmayı artırmak ve diyafram fonksiyonu yaralanma veya hastalık 1, 2 aşağıdaki tehlikeye girdiği zaman havalandırmayı sağlamak için yardımcı olur. Diyafram fonksiyon değişiklikleri de amiyotrofik lateral skleroz (ALS), hasta ve fare modellerinde tarif edilmiş olmasına rağmen, 3, 4, 5, 6, daha az ALS ARM aktivitesinin veya fonksiyonu hakkında bilinmektedir. Ancak, bir çalışmada ARM işe ALS hastaları 7 bilmediğimiz benzer diyafram disfonksiyonu olanlarda daha iyi prognoza sahip olduğunu ileri sürdü. Bundan başka, KOL aktivitesi diyafram felç 8 durumlarında solunum için yeterlidir. Bu çalışmalar ARM fonksiyonunu artırmak için stratejiler breathi iyileştirmek olabileceğini göstermektedirnöromüsküler hastalığı, omurilik yaralanması ya da diyafram fonksiyonu bozulmuş olduğu diğer hastalıklardan mustarip hastalarda ng. Ancak, nefes almak için ARM işe kontrol mekanizmaları tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Yöntem solunum fonksiyonu ve ARM işe nasıl çalışma için gerekli olan hastalık veya yaralanma hayvan modellerinde zamanla KOL aktivitesindeki değişiklikleri ölçmek için, hem de KOL işe ve havalandırma geliştirmek için terapiler değerlendirmek. Ayrıca, diyafram fonksiyon kaybı ile çakışan ARM artan aktivitesi, ALS 7, 9, 10 gibi nöromüsküler hastalıklarda hastalığın ilerlemesi için yararlı bir biyolojik işaretleyici olabilir. Bu protokol, envazif olmayan bir yöntem uyanık davranıyor farelerde solunum kasları ve havalandırma aktivitesini ölçmek art arda (ilk ameliyat sonrasında) ve tarif eder. elektromiyograf senkronize bir kayıtlarıy (EMG), tüm vücut pletismografisi (WBP) ve video araştırmacı KOL aktivite etkisi havalandırma nasıl değişikliklerin değerlendirilmesi için ve söz konusu dinlenme ya da hareketli olduğu zaman tespit edilmesini sağlar. Bu yöntemin önemli bir avantajı, EMG, 13 anestezi gerektirir ve / veya terminal işlemleri 11, 12 vardır ölçmek için bazı alternatif yöntemler ise, uyanık davranıyor farelerde gerçekleştirilebilir olmasıdır. Zamanla uyanık farelerde EMG aktivitesi kayıt aynı zamanda fare elde etme sistemi 14, 15 kablo ile takılıdır EMG kronik implantasyon açar yoluyla gerçekleştirilebilir. Normal hareket veya davranış engel olabilecek bir fare alana sıkıştırılmış ve standart bir pletismografi bölme ile uyumlu olmayabilir, çünkü tarif edilen yöntem, kablosuz alıcı sistemine EMG sinyali iletmek için telemetri cihazlarım kullanır. verici canpilden tasarruf etmek bir mıknatısla üzerinde açılabilir veya kapatılabilir ve birkaç ay içinde EMG aktivitelerinin ölçümü tekrarlanır sağlar. Bu protokol, kolayca farklı kas içine neden EMG sokulmasıyla ek solunum ya da olmayan solunum kasları aktivitesinin ölçülmesi için uyarlanabilir. Alternatif olarak, iki olası bir uyku durumunu değerlendirmek için ya da nöbet 16 tespit EEG aktivitesinin ölçülmesi için kullanılabilir. Bu teknik, başarılı bir şekilde ALS bir fare modelinde, hastalığın ilerlemesi boyunca istirahat KOL aktivitesindeki değişiklikleri ölçmek için ve sağlıklı farelerin 10 ARM aktivitesi sürüş temel nöronlar tanımlamak için kullanılmıştır.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>B6.Cg-Tg (SOD1*G93A)1 Gur/J</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>4435</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Plethysmography Chamber</td>
			<td>Buxco Respiratory Products/ Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>601-1425-001</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Telemetry Receivers (Model RPC-1)</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>272-6001-001</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Bias Flow Pump (Model BFL0500)</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>601-2201-001</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>ACQ-7000 USB</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>PNM-P3P-7002XS</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Dataquest A.R.T. Data Exchange Matrix</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>271-0117-001</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>New Ponemah Analysis System</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>PNM-POST-CFG</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Ponemah Physiology Platform Acqusition software v5.20</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>PNM-P3P-520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Ponemah Unrestrained Whole Breath Plethysmography analysis package v5.20</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>PNM-URP100W</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Configured Ponemah Software System</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>PNM-P3P-CFG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Analysis Module (URP)</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>PNM-URP100W</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Universal Amplifier</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>13-7715-59</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Sync Board</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>271-0401-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Sync Cable</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>274-0030-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Transducer-Pressure Buxco</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>600-1114-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Flow Meter</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>600-1260-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Magnet and Radio included in F20-EET Starter Kit</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>276-0400-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Axis P1363 Video Camera&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>275-0201-001</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Terg-A-Zyme</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50-821-785</td>
			<td>Enzyme Detergent</td>
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			<td>Actril</td>
			<td>Minntech Corporation</td>
			<td>78337-000</td>
			<td>Chemical Sterilant</td>
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			<td>Stereo Dissecting Microscope (Model MEB126)</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>10-450-508</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Servo-Controlled Humidifier/Infant Incubator</td>
			<td>OHMEDA Ohio Care Plus</td>
			<td>6600-0506-803</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>TL11M2-F20-EET Transmitters</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International</td>
			<td>270-0124-001</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Dumont #2 Laminectomy Forceps - Standard Tips/Straight/12cm (x2)&#160;</td>
			<td>Fine Scientific Instruments</td>
			<td>11223-20</td>
			<td>For handling wires</td>
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			<td>Dumont #2 Laminectomy Forceps - Standard Tips/Straight/12cm (x2)</td>
			<td>Fine Scientific Instruments</td>
			<td>11223-20</td>
			<td>For surgery</td>
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			<td>Narrow Pattern Forceps- Serrated/Curved/12cm</td>
			<td>Fine Scientific Instruments</td>
			<td>17003-12</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Spring Scissors - Tough Cut/Straight/Sharp/12.5cm/6mm Cutting Edge</td>
			<td>Fine Scientific Instruments</td>
			<td>15124-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Tissue Separating Scissors - Straight/Blunt-Blunt/11.5cm</td>
			<td>Fine Scientific Instruments</td>
			<td>14072-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Scissors - Tough Cut/Curved/Sharp-Sharp/9 cm&#160;</td>
			<td>Fine Scientific Instruments</td>
			<td>14058-11</td>
			<td>For cutting wires and clipping nails</td>
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			<td>Scalpel Handle #3</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>500236</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Scalpel Blade</td>
			<td>Fine Scientific Instruments</td>
			<td>10010-00</td>
			<td>For preparing lead caps</td>
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			<td>Polysorb Braided Absorbable suture</td>
			<td>Coviden</td>
			<td>D4G1532X</td>
			<td>For coiling transmitter leads</td>
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			<td>Gluture&#160;</td>
			<td>Zoetis Inc.</td>
			<td>6606-65-1</td>
			<td>Cyanoacrylate adhesive</td>
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			<td>3 mL Syring Slip Tip - Soft</td>
			<td>Vitality Medical</td>
			<td>118030055</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>25G Needle (X2)</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson and Co.</td>
			<td>305-145</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Cotton Tipped Applicators</td>
			<td>Henry Schein Animal Health</td>
			<td>100-9175</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Andis Easy Cut Hair Clipper Set</td>
			<td>Andis</td>
			<td>049-06-0271</td>
			<td>Electrical Razor sold at Target</td>
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			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Henry Schein Animal Health</td>
			<td>29404</td>
			<td>Anesthetic&#160;</td>
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			<td>Isopropyl Alcohol 70%</td>
			<td>Priority Care 1</td>
			<td>MS070PC</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Dermachlor 2% Medical Scrub (chlorohexidine 2%)</td>
			<td>Butler Schein</td>
			<td>55482</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Artificial Tears</td>
			<td>Henry Schein Animal Health</td>
			<td>48272</td>
			<td>Lubricant Opthalmic Ointment</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum grease</td>
			<td>Dow Corning Corporation</td>
			<td>1597418</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Water Blanket</td>
			<td>JorVet</td>
			<td>JOR784BN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

repeated measurement of respiratory muscle activity and ventilation in mouse models of neuromuscular disease

Aksesuar solunum kasları diyafram fonksiyonu bozulduğunda havalandırma tutulmasına yardım eder. Aşağıdaki protokol, hafta veya yardımcı solunum kası etkinliği olan ay eşzamanlı olmayan bir anestezi, serbest davranmak farede havalandırma ölçüm sırasında tekrar tekrar ölçümleri için bir yöntemi tarif etmektedir. teknik, bir radyo vericisi implantasyonu içerir ve elektrot yerleştirme, bu solunum kasları elektromiyogram aktivitesini ölçmek üzere eşkenar Trapezius kas içine yol açar. Havalandırma tüm vücut pletismografi ile ölçülür ve hayvan hareketleri video tarafından değerlendirilir ve elektromyogram aktivite ile senkronize edilir. amiyotrofik lateral skleroz, bir fare modelinde kas aktivitesi ve havalandırma ölçümleri bu araç zamanla nasıl solunum kası etkinliği değişikliklerini araştırmak için kullanılabilir ve havalandırma kas aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için göstermek için sunulmaktadır. tarif edilen yöntemler e olabilirasily diğer kas aktivitesinin ölçülmesi için ya da hastalık veya yaralanma ilave fare modellerinde yardımcı solunum kası etkinliği değerlendirmek için adapte edilebilir.

Açıklanan protokol, bir telemetri cihazı yerleştirmeyi ve bir SOD1 (G93A) ALS modeli fare eşkenar Trapezius EMG, WBP ve bir video kayıt etmek için kullanılmıştır. Hayvan etkin olduğu dönemleri (örneğin, hareket etmez) video kayıt kullanılarak tespit WBP izi (Şekil 3A) hareket ile ilişkili etkinliğin eksikliği ile doğrulanmıştır. Aktif olmayan süreleri REM ya da olmayan REM uykusu harcanan zaman, hem de zaman hala uyanık geçirdiği, an...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease at JoVE.com

Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease

Bu çalışma, bir implante telemetri cihazı ile tüm vücut pletismografisi ve elektromiyografi ile hastalığın ilerlemesi boyunca serbestçe davranıyor amiyotrofık ​​lateral skleroz (ALS), fare modelinde havalandırma ve solunum kası etkinliği tekrarlanan ölçümler için bir yöntem sağlar.

Nöromusküler Hastalığının Fare Modelinde Solunum Kas Aktivitesi ve Havalandırma tekrarlanan ölçüm

Accessory respiratory muscles help to maintain ventilation when diaphragm function is impaired. The following protocol describes a method for repeated ...

repeated-measurement-respiratory-muscle-activity-ventilation-mouse

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.8K Görüntüleme.  University of Cincinnati.  Bu çalışma, bir implante telemetri cihazı ile tüm vücut pletismografisi ve elektromiyografi ile hastalığın ilerlemesi boyunca serbestçe davranıyor amiyotrofık ​​lateral skleroz (ALS), fare modelinde havalandırma ve solunum kası etkinliği tekrarlanan ölçümler için bir yöntem sağlar. 

Video: Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease

A Murine Model of Muscle Training by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a common clinical modality that is widely used to restore1, maintain2 or enhance3-5 muscle functional capacity. Transcutaneous surface stimulation of skeletal muscle involves a current flow between a cathode and an anode, thereby inducing excitement of the motor unit and the surrounding muscle fibers. 
NMES is an attractive modality to evaluate skeletal muscle adaptive responses for several reasons. First, it provides a reproducible experimental model in which physiological adaptations, such as myofiber hypertophy and muscle strengthening6, angiogenesis7-9, growth factor secretion9-11, and muscle precursor cell activation12 are well documented. Such physiological responses may be carefully titrated using different parameters of stimulation (for Cochrane review, see 13). In addition, NMES recruits motor units non-selectively, and in a spatially fixed and temporally synchronous manner14, offering the advantage of exerting a treatment effect on all fibers, regardless of fiber type. Although there are specified contraindications to NMES in clinical populations, including peripheral venous disorders or malignancy, for example, NMES is safe and feasible, even for those who are ill and/or bedridden and for populations in which rigorous exercise may be challenging. 
Here, we demonstrate the protocol for adapting commercially available electrodes and performing a NMES protocol using a murine model. This animal model has the advantage of utilizing a clinically available device and providing instant feedback regarding positioning of the electrode to elicit the desired muscle contractile effect. For the purpose of this manuscript, we will describe the protocol for muscle stimulation of the anterior compartment muscles of a mouse hindlimb.

A murine model of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), a safe and inexpensive clinical modality, to the anterior compartment muscles is described. This model has the advantage of modifying a readily available clinical device for the purpose of eliciting targeted and specific muscle contractions in mice.

Nöromüsküler Elektriksel Stimülasyon tarafından Kas Eğitimi A Mürin Modeli

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a common clinical modality that is widely used to restore1, maintain2 or enhance3-5 muscle functional ...

Tıp

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

During breathing, activation of respiratory muscles is coordinated by integrated input from the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. When this coordination is disrupted by spinal cord injury (SCI), control of respiratory muscles innervated below the injury level is compromised1,2 leading to respiratory muscle dysfunction and pulmonary complications. These conditions are among the leading causes of death in patients with SCI3. Standard pulmonary function tests that assess respiratory motor function include spirometrical and maximum airway pressure outcomes: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (PImax) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (PEmax)4,5. These values provide indirect measurements of respiratory muscle performance6. In clinical practice and research, a surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded from respiratory muscles can be used to assess respiratory motor function and help to diagnose neuromuscular pathology. However, variability in the sEMG amplitude inhibits efforts to develop objective and direct measures of respiratory motor function6. Based on a multi-muscle sEMG approach to characterize motor control of limb muscles7, known as the voluntary response index (VRI)8, we developed an analytical tool to characterize respiratory motor control directly from sEMG data recorded from multiple respiratory muscles during the voluntary respiratory tasks. We have termed this the Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA)9. This vector analysis method quantifies the amount and distribution of activity across muscles and presents it in the form of an index that relates the degree to which sEMG output within a test-subject resembles that from a group of healthy (non-injured) controls. The resulting index value has been shown to have high face validity, sensitivity and specificity9-11. We showed previously9 that the RMCA outcomes significantly correlate with levels of SCI and pulmonary function measures. We are presenting here the method to quantitatively compare post-spinal cord injury respiratory multi-muscle activation patterns to those of healthy individuals.

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment RMCA in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

The purpose of this publication is to present our original work on a multi-muscle surface electromyographic approach to quantitatively characterize respiratory muscle activation patterns in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury using vector-based analysis.

Kronik Spinal Kord Yaralanması Bireylerde Solunum Motor Kontrol Değerlendirmesi (RMCA) kullanarak Solunum Kas Aktivasyon Değerlendirilmesi

During breathing, activation of respiratory muscles is coordinated by integrated input from the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. When this coordination ...

A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation

A simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or expensive animal. One of the reasons that this is not done more routinely is that it is relatively difficult, despite there being several published studies that describe ways to achieve it. In this paper we demonstrate a procedure that eliminates one of the major hurdles associated with this intubation, that of visualizing the trachea during the entire time of intubation. The approach uses a 0.5 mm fiberoptic light source that serves as an introducer to direct the intubation cannula into the mouse trachea. We show that it is possible to use this procedure to measure lung mechanics in individual mice over a time course of at least several weeks. The technique can be set up with relatively little expense and expertise, and it can be routinely accomplished with relatively little training. This should make it possible for any laboratory to routinely carry out this intubation, thereby allowing longitudinal studies in individual mice, thereby minimizing the number of mice needed and increasing the statistical power by using each mouse as its own control.

This paper describes a striaghforward and efficient method of intubating mice for pulmonary function measurements or pulmonary instillation, that allows the mice to recover and be studied at later times. The procedure involves an inexpensive fiberoptic light source that directly illuminates the trachea.

Fare Akciğer Entübasyonun Basit Bir Yöntem

A  simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would  have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or  ...

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults

Spatial and temporal characteristics of human walking are frequently evaluated to identify possible gait impairments, mainly in orthopedic and neurological patients1-4, but also in healthy older adults5,6. The quantitative gait analysis described in this protocol is performed with a recently-introduced photoelectric system (see&#160;Materials table) which has the potential to be used in the clinic because it is portable, easy to set up (no subject preparation is required before a test), and does not require maintenance and sensor calibration. The photoelectric system consists of series of high-density floor-based photoelectric cells with light-emitting and light-receiving diodes that are placed parallel to each other to create a corridor, and are oriented perpendicular to the line of progression7. The system simply detects interruptions in light signal, for instance due to the presence of feet within the recording area. Temporal gait parameters and 1D spatial coordinates of consecutive steps are subsequently calculated to provide common gait parameters such as step length, single limb support and walking velocity8, whose validity against a criterion instrument has recently been demonstrated7,9. The measurement procedures are very straightforward; a single patient can be tested in less than 5 min&#160;and a comprehensive report can be generated in less than 1&#160;min.

This protocol is used to evaluate spatial and temporal gait variables of neurological/orthopedic patients and older persons by means of a recently-introduced floor-based photocell system.

Hastalar ve Yaşlı Bireylerde Spatiotemporal Yürüme Parametrelerinin Klinik Değerlendirilmesi

Spatial and temporal characteristics of human walking are frequently evaluated to identify possible gait impairments, mainly in orthopedic and ...

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

COPD is projected to be the third most common cause of mortality world-wide by 2020(1). Animal models of COPD are used to identify molecules that contribute to the disease process and to test the efficacy of novel therapies for COPD. Researchers use a number of models of COPD employing different species including rodents, guinea-pigs, rabbits, and dogs(2). However, the most widely-used model is that in which mice are exposed to cigarette smoke. Mice are an especially useful species in which to model COPD because their genome can readily be manipulated to generate animals that are either deficient in, or over-express individual proteins. Studies of gene-targeted mice that have been exposed to cigarette smoke have provided valuable information about the contributions of individual molecules to different lung pathologies in COPD(3-5). Most studies have focused on pathways involved in emphysema development which contributes to the airflow obstruction that is characteristic of COPD. However, small airway fibrosis also contributes significantly to airflow obstruction in human COPD patients(6), but much less is known about the pathogenesis of this lesion in smoke-exposed animals. To address this knowledge gap, this protocol quantifies both emphysema development and small airway fibrosis in smoke-exposed mice. This protocol exposes mice to CS using a whole-body exposure technique, then measures respiratory mechanics in the mice, inflates the lungs of mice to a standard pressure, and fixes the lungs in formalin. The researcher then stains the lung sections with either Gill&#8217;s stain to measure the mean alveolar chord length (as a readout of emphysema severity) or Masson&#8217;s trichrome stain to measure deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins around small airways (as a readout of small airway fibrosis). Studies of the effects of molecular pathways on both of these lung pathologies will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD.

The goal of this protocol is to provide automated methods to quantify chronic lung pathologies in a murine model of COPD. The protocol includes exposing mice to cigarette smoke (CS), measuring pulmonary function, inflating the lungs, and using morphometry methods to measure emphysema and small airway remodeling in mice.

Sigara Duman maruz kalan Fare Akciğer Amfizem ve Küçük Havayolu Yaptırma otomatik ölçüm

COPD is projected to be the third most common cause of mortality world-wide by 2020(1).  Animal models of COPD are used to identify molecules that ...

A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma

Sensitization to grass pollen imposes a global risk for allergic airway diseases. Although prevention relies on local investigation of the pollen allergens, data on this topic are limited in southern China. Any available data were obtained by self-report questionnaires, skin prick tests, and total or specific IgE tests using crude extracts. For many reasons, these methods are unreliable. Serum sIgE reactivity to Bermuda grass, Timothy grass, and Humulus scandens allergens in a cohort of patients from Greater Guangzhou (southern China&#39;s largest city and its outskirts) with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma were examined using a fully-automated immunoassay analyzer as a component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) tool.
For the first time, a considerably high prevalence of Bermuda grass sIgE positivity was demonstrated in Chinese southerners with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. In these patients, a subtle prevalence of sensitization to Timothy grass and Humulus scandens was also noted, which may arise from cross-reactivity, as the latter two are not common in the region. This was also supported by the detection of allergen components.
Fully-automated immunoassay analyzers may offer satisfactory consistency between regions, laboratories, and institutions and over time. The automaticity of the instrument may enable a standardized detection that would not have been readily revealed before the advent of CRD.
This is a study that uses a CRD approach to investigate sensitization to grass pollen allergens in southern China. It adds to current evidence in the literature. Future studies are needed to validate these findings. However, although CRD is a useful tool, the findings made with the fully-automated immunoassay analyzer should not substitute for other laboratory investigations, clinical evaluations, and physician expertise.

This work describes a protocol that uses a component-resolved approach to study sensitization to grass pollen allergens in a cohort of patients from southern China with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma.

Allerjik Rinit ve / veya Astımı olan Çinlilerin Çimen Poleni Allerjenleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma İçin Bileşen ile Çözümlenmiş Bir Teşhis Yaklaşımı

Sensitization to grass pollen imposes a global risk for allergic airway diseases. Although prevention relies on local investigation of the pollen ...

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and lung parenchymal destruction. It has a very high incidence in aging populations. The current conventional therapies for COPD focus mainly on symptom-modifying drugs; thus, the development of new therapies is urgently needed. Qualified animal models of COPD could help to characterize the underlying mechanisms and can be used for new drug screening. Current COPD models, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema model, generate COPD-like lesions in the lungs and airways but do not otherwise resemble the pathogenesis of human COPD. A cigarette smoke (CS)-induced model remains one of the most popular because it not only simulates COPD-like lesions in the respiratory system, but it is also based on one of the main hazardous materials that causes COPD in humans. However, the time-consuming and labor-intensive aspects of the CS-induced model dramatically limit its application in new drug screening. In this study, we successfully generated a new COPD model by exposing mice to high levels of ozone. This model demonstrated the following: 1) decreased forced expiratory volume 25, 50, and 75/forced vital capacity (FEV25/FVC, FEV50/FVC, and FEV75/FVC), indicating the deterioration of lung function; 2) enlarged lung alveoli, with lung parenchymal destruction; 3) reduced fatigue time and distance; and 4) increased inflammation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the ozone exposure (OE) model is a reliable animal model that is similar to humans because ozone overexposure is one of the etiological factors of COPD. Additionally, it only took 6 - 8 weeks, based on our previous work, to create an OE model, whereas it requires 3 - 12 months to induce the cigarette smoke model, indicating that the OE model might be a good choice for COPD research.

This study describes the successful generation of a new chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) animal model by repeatedly exposing mice to high concentrations of ozone.

Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı manken tekrarlanan ozon maruz farelerde nesil

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and lung parenchymal destruction. It has a very high ...

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

The use of murine models to mimic human kidney disease is becoming increasingly common. Our research is focused on the assessment of glomerular function in diabetic nephropathy and podocyte-specific VEGF-A knock-out mice; therefore, this protocol describes the full kidney work-up used in our lab to assess these mouse models of glomerular disease, enabling a vast amount of information regarding kidney and glomerular function to be obtained from a single mouse. In comparison to alternative methods presented in the literature to assess glomerular function, the use of the method outlined in this paper enables the glomerular phenotype to be fully evaluated from multiple aspects. By using this method, the researcher can determine the kidney phenotype of the model and assess the mechanism as to why the phenotype develops. This vital information on the mechanism of disease is required when examining potential therapeutic avenues in these models. The methods allow for detailed functional assessment of the glomerular filtration barrier through measurement of the urinary albumin creatinine ratio and individual glomerular water permeability, as well as both structural and ultra-structural examination using the Periodic Acid Schiff stain and electron microscopy. Furthermore, analysis of the genes dysregulated at the mRNA and protein level enables mechanistic analysis of glomerular function. This protocol outlines the generic but adaptable methods that can be applied to all mouse models of glomerular disease.

This protocol describes a full kidney work-up that should be carried out in mouse models of glomerular disease. The methods allow for detailed functional, structural, and mechanistic analysis of glomerular function, which can be applied to all mouse models of glomerular disease.

Fare modelleri Glomerular hastalığı böbrek fonksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesi

The use of murine models to mimic human kidney disease is becoming increasingly common. Our research is focused on the assessment of glomerular function ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

İzometrik Contractility ölçüm tel Myography kullanarak fare mezenterik arter

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Non-invasive Assessment of Dorsiflexor Muscle Function in Mice

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively affect skeletal muscle. This can result in a loss of muscle mass (atrophy) and/or loss of muscle quality (reduced force per unit of muscle mass), both of which are prevalent in chronic disease, muscle-specific disease, immobilization, and aging (sarcopenia). Skeletal muscle function in animals can be evaluated by a range of different tests. All tests have limitations related to the physiological testing environment, and the selection of a specific test often depends on the nature of the experiments. Here, we describe an in vivo, non-invasive technique involving a helpful and easy assessment of force frequency-curve (FFC) in mice that can be performed on the same animal over time. This permits monitoring of disease progression and/or efficacy&#160;of a potential therapeutic treatment.

Measurement of rodent skeletal muscle contractile function is a useful tool that can be used to track disease progression as well as efficacy of therapeutic intervention. We describe here the non-invasive, in vivo assessment of the dorsiflexor muscles that can be repeated over time in the same mouse.

Non-invaziv Dorsiflexor kas fonksiyonu farelerde değerlendirilmesi

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively ...