Yazarlar ulusal anahtar teknoloji araştırma ve geliştirme programı Bakanlığı Bilim ve teknoloji Çin (No. 2011BAK15B06) onların destek için teşekkür ederiz. Teşekkür için yemek servisi bizi video çekimi tamamlamak bizim laboratuvar üzerinden bir master öğrencisi olan Shuya Zhuang.

1. su Strider bacak yüzey yapısına gözlenmesi
<ol><li>Su sineklerinin balıkçılık açılış net kullanarak yerel tatlı su havuzları toplamak.</li>
	<li>Orta bacaklar en az 5 çift makas kullanarak deneysel örnekleri kesin. Alt bacak dikkatle, yüzey kirlenme ve mikroyapı bacaklar önünde etkilemesini önlemek için dokunun.</li>
	<li>Bacaklar havada dışarı doğal olarak kuru.</li>
	<li>Taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile mikro düzeyde kararlılık resim 1biriçinde gösterildiği gibi kullanarak bacaklar yüzey mikroyapı gözlemlemek.</li>
	<li>Şekil 1bgösterildiği gibi nano düzeyi çözünürlükte tarama elektrik mikroskop kullanarak bacaklar microsetae gözlemlemek.</li>
</ol>2. dinamik güç ölçüm sisteminin bileşeni hazırlamak
<ol><li>PVDF film sensörü ile bir boyut-in daha--dan 10 üretir 14,9 X 10.2 mm2 X 28 mikron, satın mV başına mikro-zorlanma. Not: PVDF film sensörü yüksek ISO değerlerinde dinamik kişi güç duygusu için kullanılır.</li>
	<li>En fazla 1000 mV/pC şarj kazanç ile şarj amplifikatör satın almak ve düşük gürültü 5'ten μV. Not: Şarj amplifikatör içinde dönüştürücü şarj çıktısı bir gerilim dönüştürülür PVDF film sensörü sinyalini büyütmek için kullanılır.</li>
	<li>Analog giriş olan örnekleme hızları 1 aralığında bir veri alma aygıtı satın s/s 102.4 kS/s. Not: Veri alma cihazı şarj amplifikatör gerilim veri okumak ve göndermek için daha fazla alay bilgisayar için ve görüntülemek için kullanılır.</li>
	<li>Birkaç yüksek kesin deplasman aşamaları ve bir rediktördür satın alabilirsiniz. Not: Su rediktördür tarafından tahrik farklı hızda bacaklar havanamazlar.</li>
	<li>Satın alma 30 mm ve kare hızı 5 mm aralığında odak uzunluğu olan bir CCD kamera, 30 kare/sn olduğunu. Not: Bu kamera kayıt ve deformasyon su yüzeyi ve bacaklar ve su yüzeyi arasındaki mesafe izlemek için kullanılır.</li>
	<li>Yüksek performanslı bilgisayar hazırlayın.</li>
</ol>3. dinamik güç ölçüm sistemi tüm parçaları Meclisi
<ol><li>Dinamik güç ölçüm sistemi Şekil 2bir ve Şekil 2bgösterilen gerçek deneme enstrüman gösterilen şematik göre bir araya getirin.</li>
	<li>Yatay çerçeve üzerinde diğer tarafta asılı olarak yerleştirilen yüksek kesin deplasman sahneye elektrotlar ile PVDF film sensörü bir tarafı düzeltmek. Bu yükleme yöntemi PVDF film sensörünün dinamik mikro güç için ölçü çözünürlüğünü artırmak yardımcı olur.</li>
	<li>PVDF film sensörü şarj amplifikatör, ücret amplifikatör veri alma aygıtına ve veri alma aygıtını bilgisayara bağlayın.</li>
	<li>PVDF film sensörü sol tarafındaki yerleştirilen yüksek kesin deplasman sahneye kamera tamir.</li>
	<li>Kabaca bacaklar ve su arasındaki mesafeyi hızlı bir şekilde ayarlamak, çerçeve PVDF film sensör üzerinde yüksek kesin deplasman aşamaya düzeltmek için kimin PVDF film algılayıcı yaklaşık 10 cm ayrılmasıdır.</li>
	<li>Kesin bir hızda su yüzeyi uzak bacak kaldırma için yüksek kesin deplasman sahne altında rediktördür saptamak.</li>
</ol>4. Kalibrasyon dinamik güç ölçüm sistemi
<ol><li>Elektrostatik kuvvet sistemi26 PVDF film sensörü, kimin büyüklüğü daha az 0.5 µN. kontrol sisteminin elektrostatik kuvvet için iç ve dış elektrotlar uygulanan gerilim tarafından olmalıdır ücretsiz ucundaki hareket bir mikro-sabit güç oluşturmak için kullanın paralellik silindirik kapasitör. Dikkat: Kuvvet PVDF film yüzeye normal bir yönde hareket etmelidir ve uygulama amacı olabildiğince yakınına PVDF film sensör hassasiyetini artırmak için ucuna kadar beklenir.</li>
	<li>Bir adım giriş oluşturmak için kısa bir süre yürürlükte serbest bırakın.</li>
	<li>LabVIEW, yardımcı olan çıkış gerilim sinyalleri PVDF film sensörün okuma yazılımını kullanarak bilgisayar 4.2 adımda gerilim-zaman sinyali okunur.<ol>
<li>Download LabVIEW yazılım ve donanım sürücüsü NI-DAQmx yılında resmi web sitesi, Ulusal aletleri.</li>
		<li>LabVIEW gösterilen Şekil 3kullanarak sürekli analog voltaj ölçümü gösterimini açın.</li>
		<li>Kanal ayarlarımodülündeki şarj amplifikatör ile bağlı veri alma aygıtı fiziksel kanalı seçin.</li>
		<li>Örnek hızı 100000 100000 Zamanlama ayarlarımodülü için örnek sayısını ayarlayın.</li>
		<li>Günlük ve okunur oturum açma modu seçin ve Günlüğe kaydetme ayarlarımodülünde gerilim verilerini depolamak için dosya yolunu yazın.</li>
		<li>Yok tetikleyici Tetikleyici ayarlarımodülünde seçin.</li>
		<li>Gerilim sinyal örnekleme yapmak için araç çubuğundaki oku-şekil düğmesini tıklatın.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>İçinde en yüksek gerilim zorlamak için sensör üzerinde hareket karşılık gelen gerilim eğrisi analiz.</li>
	<li>Farklı güç girişi, içinde bir dizi gerilim-güç noktaları kazandı, 4.1-4.4 adımları yineleyin.</li>
	<li>En yüksek çıkış voltajı ve standart güç kalibrasyon sonuç ilişkisini belirlemek.</li>
</ol>5. yapışma gücü belirli bir hızda ölçümü
<ol><li>Bir su damlası (5 µL) mekanik bir micropipette kullanarak PVDF film sensörü ücretsiz sonuna yerleştirin. Not: Damlacık konumunu PVDF film sensörü ucu yakın olmalıdır.</li>
	<li>Rediktördür yüksek kesin deplasman sahne altında bir tek bacak sopa.</li>
	<li>Şekil 4biriçinde gösterildiği gibi su yüzeyi, bacak kişilerle kadar yüksek kesin deplasman sahne alanı aşağı doğru hareket ederler. Monitör kamera sistemi tarafından bacak ve su yüzeyi arasındaki mesafe sensörü sol tarafında monte.</li>
	<li>Su yüzeyinden uzak bacak sabit bir hızda rediktördür kaldırma.</li>
	<li>Gerilim eğrinin çıkış yapan sürecinin adım 4,6 kurulan modelini kullanarak her noktası karşılık gelen güç hesaplamak ve sonra işlemi, çıkış yapan, kuvvet-zaman eğrisi Şekil 4bgösterildiği gibi çizin.</li>
	<li>Çıkış yapan işleminin belirli bir hızda en yüksek yapışma kaydedin.</li>
</ol>6. ölçüm farklı hızlarda yapışma gücü.
<ol><li>Bacaklar kaldırma hızı rediktördür tarafından alter ve adım 5 göre yapışma kuvvetleri ölçmek.</li>
	<li>6.1. adımda elde veri kullanarak hız eğrisi kaldırma karşı yapışma kuvvetleri arsa.</li>
	<li>Yapışma gücü ve eğri aracılığıyla kaldırma hızı arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz.</li>
</ol>

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Yazar ifşa etmek hiçbir şey vardır.

Bu protokol için PVDF film sensörüne dayalı bir dinamik güç ölçüm sistemi başarılı bir şekilde tasarlanmış, monte, uzak su yüzeyine yapışma kuvvetleri ölçmek için kalibre. Tüm adımları arasında çok önemli yapışma kuvvetleri bu çalışma olarak su yüzeyinden bacak kaldırma tarafından farklı hızlarda ölçüldü su hızlı manevra dikkat çekici özelliği odaklı. Kaldırma hızı artar zaman yapışma kuvvetleri azalmıştır deney çıkış yapan sonuçlarını gösterdi. Eğer onlar s...

Doğada su sineklerinin atlamak veya su yüzeyi ince ve nonwetting bacaklar1,2,3,4,5yardımı ile kolayca ve hızlı bir şekilde kayma için dikkat çekici yeteneğine sahip, Ama nadiren yavaş yavaş, karasal böcekler olan hareket. Suyun ve bacak6,7,8, arasında iletişim alanı ve yapışma yürürlükte dramatik azaltma işler superhydrophobic devlet su strider hiyerarşik yapısını stabilize 9. ancak, su sineklerinin hızlı kesilmesi su yüzeyinden hidrodinamik avantajları kötü yorumlanmış10,11,12kalır.
Su yüzeyinden atlama işlemi ağırlıklı olarak üç aşamada13,14,15,16ayrılmıştır. İlk başta, su sineklerinin atlama yönünü başlatmak ve belirlemek böcek sağlayan biyolojik enerji maksimum derinliği batan kadar su yüzey enerjiye dönüştürmek için orta ve arka bacaklar ile su yüzeyi aşağı doğru itin. ayırmayı hız. Artan sahne ile takip, böcek yukarı doğru kavisli su yüzeyi kapiller zorla maksimum hız erişene dek itilir. Son ayrılma aşamasında su strider atalet tarafından su yüzeyinden uzak kırma kadar yükselmeye devam ediyor, ama hızı büyük ölçüde nedeniyle yapışma gücü azalır su ile enerji tüketimi üzerinde asıl etkiye sahip su Yolgezer. Bu nedenle, bu iletişim kuralı ayrılma aşamasında kalkış farklı hızları, yapışma gücü ölçmek ve hızlı hareket eden farklı karakteristik açıklamak için önerilmiştir.
Ne zaman su yüzeyinden iten su sineklerinin yapışma gücü keşfetmek için birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Lee & Kim yapışma gücü ve enerji su strider'ın bacaklar kaldırma ölçüde ne zaman temas açısı 160 derece17' ye yükseldi azalmıştır gerekli teorik ve deneysel olarak doğruladı. Pan Jen Wei bir hidrostatik deney 1/5, ağırlık 18bulundu TriboScope sistemi tarafından yapışma kuvvetleri ölçmek için tasarlanmış. Kehchih Hwang ayakları ve özellikli bir 2D sudan ayırma ve bacak superhydrophobicity yapışma gücü ve enerji dağıtımı19azaltılmasında önemli bir rol oynadı buldum yarı statik süreci analiz. Ancak, önceki çalışmalarda yapışma gücü ölçümü sadece hızlı atlama sırasında yapışma kuvvetleri değişiklikleri izlemek için bir yarı statik işleminin durumu oldu.
Bu çalışmada, polivinilidin florid (PVDF) film sensörü ve diğer adjuvan enstrüman kullanarak bir dinamik güç ölçüm sistemi tasarlanmış. Piezoelektrik diğer malzemelerle karşılaştırıldığında, PVDF daha yüksek duyarlılık20,21,22ile dinamik microforce ölçmek için daha uygundur. PVDF film sensör sistemi içine entegre ederek, gerçek zamanlı yapışma kuvvetleri olabilir tespit ve bacak su yüzey23,24,25dan çekiyordu zaman işlenir.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:87px;">PVDF film sensor</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">TE Connectivity</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">DT1-028K/L</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The PVDF film sensor is used to sense the dynamic contact force .</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Charge amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Wuxi Shiao Technology co.,Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">YE5852B</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The charge amplifier&#160;is an electronic current integrator that produces a voltage output proportional to the integrated value of the input</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Data acquisition device</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">USB-4431</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The data acquisition device is used to read the voltage data.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Displacement stage</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">ZOLIXINSTRUMENTS CO.LTD</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">KSAV1010-ZF</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">KSAV1010/2030-ZF is a wedge vertical stage with high-resolution, high-stability and high-load.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Shenzhen Andonstar Tech Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">digital microscope A1</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Frame rate: 30 frames/sec;Focal distance: 5mm - 30mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:87px;">Computer</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Lenovo</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">G480</td>
			<td style="width:275px;"></td>
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		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:33px;width:87px;">Servomotor</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">EMAX US Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">ES08MD</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">It&#39;s not bad this servo with speed varying from 0.10 sec/60&#176; / 4.8v to 0.08 sec/60&#176;/6.0v.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Mechanical Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Dragon Laboratory Instruments Limited</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">YE5K693181</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The pipettes cover volume range of 0.1 &#956;l to 2.5 &#956;l</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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measurement of dynamic force acted on water strider leg jumping upward by the pvdf film sensor

Genellikle bu su strider doğada fenomen için bir açıklama yapmak için amaçlayan bu çalışma atlar veya kolayca ama hızlı bir şekilde su yüzeyine kayar, onun en yüksek hareket ile ulaşan 150 cm/s hız. İlk olarak, biz mikroyapı ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu kullanılarak su strider bacaklar hiyerarşisini gözlenen. Bacaklar gözlenen morfolojisi temelinde, hangi enerji azaltma açısından zahmetsizce su yüzeyinde slayt için su sineklerinin yeteneği açıkladı dekolmanı su yüzeyinden bir teorik modeli kurulmuştur. İkinci olarak, tüm etkileşim işlemi tespit olabilir mükemmel hassasiyet ile PVDF film sensör kullanarak bir dinamik güç ölçüm sistemi geliştirildi. Daha sonra su ile temas halinde tek bir bacak yukarı doğru farklı hızlarda çekildi ve yapışma gücü aynı zamanda ölçüldü. Çıkış yapan denemenin sonuçları hızlı su sineklerinin atlama derin bir anlayış önerdi.

Kaldırma hızı ve adezyon kuvveti arasında ilişki Tablo 1' de gösterilen. Kaldırma hızı 0.3 m/s için 0,01 m/s ile arttığında, yapışma gücü su yüzeyi ve bacak azalır ölçüde 0,10 itibaren 0.03 arasında. Çıkış yapan denemenin sonuçları en yüksek yapışma kuvvetleri su sineklerinin hızlı bir şekilde su yüzeyine taşırsanız rahat hissedebilirsiniz belirtilen kaldırma hızını artırmak gibi önemli ölçüde azaltmak gösterdi.
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor at JoVE.com

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Su Strider bacak yukarı PVDF Film algılayıcı tarafından atlama üzerinde hareket dinamik güç ölçümü

İletişim kuralı burada ücretsiz araştıran ve su yüzeyindeki su strider hızlı manevra adamıştır. Protokol bacaklar mikroyapı gözlemleyerek ve yapışma gücü farklı hızlarda su yüzeyinden çıkış yapan zaman ölçme içerir.

This study aimed to make an explanation for the phenomenon in nature that water strider usually jumps or glides on the water surface easily but quickly, ...

measurement-dynamic-force-acted-on-water-strider-leg-jumping-upward

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

5.9K Görüntüleme.  Tianjin University. İletişim kuralı burada ücretsiz araştıran ve su yüzeyindeki su strider hızlı manevra adamıştır. Protokol bacaklar mikroyapı gözlemleyerek ve yapışma gücü farklı hızlarda su yüzeyinden çıkış yapan zaman ölçme içerir.

Video: Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Horizontal and vertical liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields (8-20 kV/cm) and polar dielectric liquids. These bridges are unique from capillary bridges in that they exhibit extensibility beyond a few millimeters, have complex bi-directional mass transfer patterns, and emit non-Planck infrared radiation. A number of common solvents can form such bridges as well as low conductivity solutions and colloidal suspensions. The macroscopic behavior is governed by electrohydrodynamics and provides a means of studying fluid flow phenomena without the presence of rigid walls. Prior to the onset of a liquid bridge several important phenomena can be observed including advancing meniscus height (electrowetting), bulk fluid circulation (the Sumoto effect), and the ejection of charged droplets (electrospray). The interaction between surface, polarization, and displacement forces can be directly examined by varying applied voltage and bridge length. The electric field, assisted by gravity, stabilizes the liquid bridge against Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities. Construction of basic apparatus for both vertical and horizontal orientation along with operational examples, including thermographic images, for three liquids (e.g., water, DMSO, and glycerol) is presented.

Horizontal and vertical electrohydrodynamic liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields and polar dielectric liquids. The construction of basic apparatus and operational examples, including thermographic images, for three liquids (e.g., water, DMSO, and glycerol) is presented.

Polar Dielektrik Sıvılar gelen elektrohidrodinamik Köprülerin Hazırlanması

Horizontal and vertical liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields (8-20 kV/cm) and ...

Mühendislik

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Atomic force spectroscopy is an ideal tool to study molecules at surfaces and interfaces. An experimental protocol to couple a large variety of single molecules covalently onto an AFM tip is presented. At the same time the AFM tip is passivated to prevent unspecific interactions between the tip and the substrate, which is a prerequisite to study single molecules attached to the AFM tip. Analyses to determine the adhesion force, the adhesion length, and the free energy of these molecules on solid surfaces and bio-interfaces are shortly presented and external references for further reading are provided. Example molecules are the poly(amino acid) polytyrosine, the graft polymer PI-g-PS and the phospholipid POPE (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine). These molecules are desorbed from different surfaces like CH3-SAMs, hydrogen terminated diamond and supported lipid bilayers under various solvent conditions. Finally, the advantages of force spectroscopic single molecule experiments are discussed including means to decide if truly a single molecule has been studied in the experiment.

A protocol to couple a large variety of single molecules covalently onto an AFM tip is presented. Procedures and examples to determine the adhesion force and free energy of these molecules on solid supports and bio-interfaces are provided.

Atomik Kuvvet Spektroskopi Tek Molekül Yapışma incelenmesi

Atomic force spectroscopy is an ideal tool to study molecules at surfaces and interfaces. An experimental protocol to couple a large variety of single ...

How to Build a Vacuum Spring-transport Package for Spinning Rotor Gauges

The spinning rotor gauge (SRG) is a high-vacuum gauge often used as a secondary or transfer standard for vacuum pressures in the range of 1.0 x 10-4 Pa to 1.0 Pa. In this application, the SRGs are frequently transported to laboratories for calibration. Events can occur during transportation that change the rotor surface conditions, thus changing the calibration factor. To assure calibration stability, a spring-transport mechanism is often used to immobilize the rotor and keep it under vacuum during transport. It is also important to transport the spring-transport mechanism using packaging designed to minimize the risk of damage during shipping. In this manuscript, a detailed description is given on how to build a robust spring-transport mechanism and shipping container. Together these form a spring-transport package. The spring-transport package design was tested using drop-tests and the performance was found to be excellent. The present spring-transport mechanism design keeps the rotor immobilized when experiencing shocks of several hundred g (g = 9.8 m/sec2 and is the acceleration due to gravity), while the shipping container assures that the mechanism will not experience shocks greater than about 100 g during common shipping mishaps (as defined by industry standards).

Here we describe how to build a robust spring-transport mechanism for a spinning rotor gauge. This device securely immobilizes the rotor and keeps it under vacuum during transportation. We also describe packaging that minimizes the risk of damage during transport. Tests show our design works for typical shocks during transport.

Nasıl Rotor Gauges Spinning için Vakum İlkbahar-taşıma Paketi kurmak için

The spinning rotor gauge (SRG) is a high-vacuum gauge often used as a secondary or transfer standard for vacuum pressures in the range of 1.0 x 10-4 Pa to ...

Quantitative Hardness Measurement by Instrumented AFM-indentation

In this work, a combination of amplitude-modulated non-contact atomic force microscopy and atomic force spectroscopy is applied for instrumented hardness measurements on an Au(111) surface with atomistic resolution of single plasticity events. A careful experimental procedure is described that includes the force sensor selection, its calibration, the calibration of the cantilever deflection detection system, and the minimization of instrumental drift for accurate and reproducible force-distance measurements. Also, a method for the data analysis is presented that allows the extraction of force-penetration curves from recorded force-distance curves. A typical curve displays a clear elastic deformation regime up to the first plasticity event, or pop-in, with a length in the range of one to two Burger's vectors. Later plasticity events exhibit the same magnitude. The work of plasticity is further extracted from the measurements. Finally, the hardness is determined in combination with the indentation curve using non-contact atomic force microscopy images of the remaining indents.

This experimental protocol describes how atomic force microscopy can be used to measure hardness at the true nanometer scale and to detect single atomistic plasticity events.

Enstrumanlı AFM-girinti Kantitatif Sertlik Ölçümü

In this work, a combination of amplitude-modulated non-contact atomic force microscopy and atomic force spectroscopy is applied for instrumented hardness ...

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly scattered dielectric microparticles adhered to a glass substrate are momentarily detached using ultrasonic vibrations generated by a piezoelectric transducer (PZT). Then, the optical beam focused on a selected particle lifts it up to the optical trap while the vibrationally excited microparticles fall back to the substrate. A particle may be trapped at the nominal focus of the trapping beam or at a position above the focus (referred to here as the levitation position) where gravity provides the restoring force. After the measurement, the trapped particle can be placed at a desired position on the substrate in a controlled manner. 
In this protocol, an experimental procedure for selective optical trap loading in air is outlined. First, the experimental setup is briefly introduced. Second, the design and fabrication of a PZT holder and a sample enclosure are illustrated in detail. The optical trap loading of a selected microparticle is then demonstrated with step-by-step instructions including sample preparation, launching into the trap, and use of electrostatic force to excite particle motion in the trap and measure charge. Finally, we present recorded particle trajectories of Brownian and ballistic motions of a trapped microparticle in air. These trajectories can be used to measure stiffness or to verify optical alignment through time domain and frequency domain analysis. Selective trap loading enables optical tweezers to track a particle and its changes over repeated trap loadings in a reversible manner, thereby enabling studies of particle-surface interaction.

A protocol for launching and stably trapping selected dielectric microparticles in air is presented.

Havada Dielektrik mikropartiküllerin Optik Tuzak Yükleme

We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly ...

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum information processing circuits, including photon sources, qubit manipulation, and integrated single-photon detectors. Here, we present the key aspects of preparing and testing a silicon photonic quantum chip with an integrated photon source and two-photon interferometer. The most important aspect of an integrated quantum circuit is minimizing loss so that all of the generated photons are detected with the highest possible fidelity. Here, we describe how to perform low-loss edge coupling by using an ultra-high numerical aperture fiber to closely match the mode of the silicon waveguides. By using an optimized fusion splicing recipe, the UHNA fiber is seamlessly interfaced with a standard single-mode fiber. This low-loss coupling allows the measurement of high-fidelity photon production in an integrated silicon ring resonator and the subsequent two-photon interference of the produced photons in a closely integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This paper describes the essential procedures for the preparation and characterization of high-performance and scalable silicon quantum photonic circuits.

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum systems. Presented here is a method for preparing and testing a silicon photonic chip for quantum measurements.

Silikon Halka Rezonatörü Foton Kaynak Kuantum Girişim ölçümü

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum information processing circuits, including photon sources, qubit ...

Generation of Size-controlled Poly (ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Uniform and size-controllable poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) droplets could be produced via the flow focusing process in a microfluidic device. This paper proposes a semi-three-dimensional (semi-3D) flow-focusing microfluidic chip for droplet formation. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip was fabricated using the multi-layer soft lithography method. Hexadecane containing surfactant was used as the continuous phase, and PEGDA with the ultraviolet (UV) photo-initiator was the dispersed phase. Surfactants allowed the local surface tension to drop and formed a more cusped tip which promoted breaking into tiny micro-droplets. As the pressure of dispersed phase was constant, the size of droplets became smaller with increasing continuous phase pressure before dispersed phase flow was broken off. As a result, droplets with size variation from 1 &#181;m to 80 &#181;m in diameter could be selectively achieved by changing the pressure ratio in two inlet channels, and the average coefficient of variation was estimated to be below 7%. Furthermore, droplets could turn into micro-beads by UV exposure for photo-polymerization. Conjugating biomolecules on such micro-beads surface have many potential applications in the fields of biology and chemistry.

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Here, we present a protocol to illustrate the fabrication processes and verifying experiments of a semi-three-dimensional (semi-3D) flow-focusing microfluidic chip for droplet formation.

Poli (etilen glikol) Diacrylate damlacıklar yoluyla yarı-3 boyutlu akış odaklanarak mikrosıvısal cihazlar boyutu kontrol nesil

Uniform and size-controllable poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) droplets could be produced via the flow focusing process in a microfluidic device. ...

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

A technique to measure the temperature of water and non-turbid aqueous media surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented. This technique utilizes wavelengths of 1150 and 1412 nm, at which the absorption coefficient of water is dependent on temperature. Water or a non-turbid aqueous gel containing a 2.0-mm- or 0.5-mm-diameter magnetic sphere is irradiated with 1150 nm or 1412 nm incident light, as selected using a narrow bandpass filter; additionally, two-dimensional absorbance images, which are the transverse projections of the absorption coefficient, are acquired via a near-infrared camera. When the three-dimensional distributions of temperature can be assumed to be spherically symmetric, they are estimated by applying inverse Abel transforms to the absorbance profiles. The temperatures were observed to consistently change according to time and the induction heating power.

A technique utilizing wavelengths of 1150 and 1412 nm to measure the temperature of water surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented.

Yakın kızılötesi sıcaklık ölçüm tekniği bir indüksiyon ısıtmalı manyetik küre küçük çevreleyen su için

A technique to measure the temperature of water and non-turbid aqueous media surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented. This ...

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, but several challenging points remain, such as a low absorption efficiency due to a thin active layer and low flexibility. We present an advanced method to fabricate a flexible phototransistor array with an improved electrical performance. The outstanding electrical performance is driven by a low dark current owing to deep impurity doping. Stretchable and flexible metal interconnectors simultaneously offer electrical and mechanical stabilities in a highly deformed state. The protocol explicitly describes the fabrication process of the phototransistor using a thin silicon membrane. By measuring I-V characteristics of the completed device in deformed states, we demonstrate that this approach improves the mechanical and electrical stabilities of the phototransistor array. We expect that this approach to a flexible phototransistor can be widely used for the applications of not only next-generation imaging systems/optoelectronics but also wearable devices such as tactile/pressure/temperature sensors and health monitors.

We present a detailed method to fabricate a deformable lateral NIPIN phototransistor array for curved image sensors. The phototransistor array with an open mesh form, which is composed of thin silicon islands and stretchable metal interconnectors, provides flexibility and stretchability. The parameter analyzer characterizes the electrical property of the fabricated phototransistor.

Esnek görüntü sensörü imalatı Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors dayalı.

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, ...

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

Unlike macroscopic process variables, near-infrared spectroscopy provides process information at the molecular level and can significantly improve the prediction of the components in industrial processes. The ability to record spectra for solid and liquid samples without any pretreatment is advantageous and the method is widely used. However, the disadvantages of analyzing high-dimensional near-infrared spectral data include information redundancy and multicollinearity of the spectral data. Thus, we propose to use partial least squares regression method, which has traditionally been used to reduce the data dimensionality and eliminate the collinearity between the original features. We implement the method for predicting the o-cresol concentration during the production of polyphenylene ether. The proposed approach offers the following advantages over component regression prediction methods: 1) partial least squares regression solves the multicollinearity problem of the independent variables and effectively avoids overfitting, which occurs in a regression analysis due to the high correlation between the independent variables; 2) the use of the near-infrared spectra results in high accuracy because it is a non-destructive and non-polluting method to obtain information at microscopic and molecular scales.

The protocol describes a method of predicting o-cresol concentration during the production of polyphenylene ether using near-infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares regression. To describe the process more clearly and completely, an example of predicting the o-cresol concentration during the production of polyphenylene is used to clarify the steps.

Kısmi En Küçük Kare Regresyon İle Yakın Kızılötesi Spektroskopiye Dayalı O-kresol Konsantrasyonu Online Ölçüm

Unlike macroscopic process variables, near-infrared spectroscopy provides process information at the molecular level and can significantly improve the ...