著者は、彼らのサポートのキー技術研究と科学省と中国の技術 (ナンバー 2011BAK15B06) の開発プログラムをありがちましょう。ビデオ撮影を完了私たちを助けるために私たちの研究室から修士課程である修也庄をありがとうございます。

1. アメンボの脚の表面構造の観察
<ol><li>釣りのランディング ネットを使用してローカルの淡水池からアメンボを収集します。</li>
	<li>はさみを使用して実験のサンプルとして少なくとも 5 組の中間の足切断します。表面の汚染や足の前部組織の破壊を防ぐために慎重に、足の下をタップします。</li>
	<li>空気中を足を自然乾燥します。</li>
	<li>図 1で示すように、マイクロ レベルの解像度を持つ走査型電子顕微鏡を使用しての足の表面の微細構造を観察します。</li>
	<li>図 1bに示すようにナノレベルの分解能走査型電子顕微鏡を使用して足の microsetae を観察します。</li>
</ol>2. 動的力測定システムのコンポーネントを準備します。
<ol><li>生成以上 10 14.9 × 10.2 mm2 X 28 μ m の寸法で PVDF 膜センサーを購入マイクロひずみあたり mV。 メモ: PVDF 膜センサーは、高感度で動的接触力の感覚に使用されます。</li>
	<li>最大 1000 mV/pC 無料ゲインとチャージ アンプを購入し、5 μ V 以下の低騒音。 メモ: チャージ アンプは、トランスデューサーから充電出力は電圧に変換されます、PVDF 膜センサーからの信号を拡大する使用されます。</li>
	<li>アナログ入力が 1 から範囲でサンプル レートをデータ集録デバイスを購入 S/s 102.4 kS/秒です。 注: チャージ アンプの電圧データを読み取り、さらに処理するためにコンピューターにそれらを送信および表示するデータ集録デバイスを使用します。</li>
	<li>いくつかの高精度変位段階およびサーボモータを購入します。 注: 脚は、サーボ モーターによって駆動される異なったスピードで水から出発します。</li>
	<li>その焦点距離 5 mm から 30 mm、フレーム レートの範囲には、CCD カメラの購入は、30 fps です。 メモ: このカメラは記録および水表面および足と水の表面の間の距離の変形を監視に使用されます。</li>
	<li>高性能コンピューターを準備します。</li>
</ol>3. 動的力測定システムのすべての部分の組立
<ol><li>図 2、および図 2bに示すように、実際の実験装置概略図に従って動的力測定システムを構築します。</li>
	<li>反対側はぶら下がっている水平のフレーム上に配置は高精度な変位のステージに電極で PVDF 膜センサーの 1 つの側面を固定します。PVDF 膜センサーのこのインストール方法動的微小力の測定の分解能が向上します。</li>
	<li>チャージ アンプ、データ集録デバイスとコンピューターにデータ集録デバイスにチャージ アンプに PVDF 膜センサーを接続します。</li>
	<li>PVDF 膜センサーの左側に配置されている高精度な変位のステージにカメラを固定します。</li>
	<li>大体すぐに足と水の間の距離を調整、PVDF 膜センサーの上フレームに高精度な変位ステージを修正、PVDF 膜センサーからの分離は 10 cm 程度です。</li>
	<li>正確な速度で水面から脚を持ち上げ、高精度な変位ステージの下サーボモータを修正します。</li>
</ol>4. 動的力計測系の校正
<ol><li>絶対値が 0.5 未満 µN。 内側と外側電極に適用される電圧によってシステムの静電気力を制御する必要があります、PVDF 膜センサーの自由端に振る舞ったマイクロ定数力を発生する静電気力システム26を使用します。比類円筒コンデンサー。 注意: 力は、PVDF フィルム表面に垂直な方向に行動しなければならないし、アプリケーションのポイントは、感度を上げる PVDF 膜センサーの先端にできるだけ近くするはずです。</li>
	<li>ステップ入力を生成する短時間で力を解放します。</li>
	<li>PVDF 膜センサーの出力電圧信号を読むことができます、LabVIEW ソフトウェアを使用してコンピューターの 4.2 のステップの電圧時間信号を読みます。<ol>
<li>LabVIEW ソフトウェアおよびハードウェア ドライバー Ni-daqmx ナショナルインスツル メンツ公式ウェブサイトをダウンロードします。</li>
		<li>示されている図 3として、LabVIEW を使用して連続的なアナログ電圧測定のデモを開きます。</li>
		<li>チャンネル設定のモジュールのチャージ アンプに接続されているデータ集録デバイスの物理チャンネルを選択します。</li>
		<li>サンプル レートを設定すると、100000 とタイミング設定のモジュールで 100000 するサンプルの数。</li>
		<li>選択ログ読み取りログ モードと、ログの設定のモジュールの電圧データを格納するためファイル パスを書きます。</li>
		<li>トリガー設定のモジュールでトリガーを選択しません。</li>
		<li>電圧信号をサンプリングするツールバーの矢印図形ボタンをクリックします。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>ピーク電圧は対応する強制的にセンサーに作用電圧曲線を分析します。</li>
	<li>一連の電圧力ポイントが得られる異なる力入力で 4.1 4.4 手順を繰り返します。</li>
	<li>出力電圧のピーク値と校正結果の標準的な力の関係を決定します。</li>
</ol>5. 一定の速度で凝着力の計測
<ol><li>機械式ピペットを使用して PVDF 膜センサーの自由端に水滴 (5 μ L) を配置します。 注: 液滴の場所は、PVDF 膜センサーの先端に近くなるはず。</li>
	<li>高精度な変位ステージの下サーボモータに片脚を固執します。</li>
	<li>図 4に示すように水表面が付いて脚連絡先まで高精度な変位段階下方に移動します。モニター カメラ システムによって脚や水の表面の間の距離はセンサーの左側にマウントされています。</li>
	<li>サーボモータを一定の速度で水面から脚を持ち上げます。</li>
	<li>出発プロセス ステップ、4.6 で確立したモデルを用いた電圧曲線の各点に対応する力を計算し、図 4bに示すようにプロセスを出発の力-時間曲線を描きます。</li>
	<li>一定の速度で出発のプロセスのピーク接着を記録します。</li>
</ol>6. 異なる速度で凝着力の計測。
<ol><li>サーボモータによる足の昇降速度を変更してステップ 5 によると接着力を測定します。</li>
	<li>6.1 のステップで得たデータを使用して速度曲線を持ち上げると接着力をプロットします。</li>
	<li>接着力と曲線を介して昇降速度の関係を分析します。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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著者は、何を開示します。

このプロトコルでは、PVDF 膜センサーを用いた力計測システムは正常に考案、組み立て、水面から粘着力を測定するために校正します。全体の手順の間で重大だった水の簡単な工作の顕著な特性に焦点を当てて接着力がこの研究として水面から足を持ち上げることによって異なる速度で測定しました。実験の結果は、昇降速度を上げて、付着力が減少したことを示した。彼らは、水を高速で?...

自然の中でアメンボはジャンプしたり、ほっそりと濡れ足1,2,の3,の4、5の助けを借りて水の表面に簡単かつ迅速を滑空する驚くべき能力を所有しています。しかし、地上の昆虫とは異なり、ゆっくりと、ほとんど移動します。アメンボの階層構造が水と脚6,7,8,間の接触面積と接着力の劇的な削減をレンダリングする超撥水状態を安定化させる9します。 ただし、水面からアメンボの迅速な解放の流体力学的利点のまま悪い解釈10、11,12。
水面からジャンプのプロセスは 3 段階13,14,15,16に主に分けられます。最初は、アメンボが水面下最大の深さに沈むまで水の表面エネルギーに生物学的エネルギーを変換する中央と後部の脚はジャンプの方向を初期化し、特定の昆虫を有効をプッシュします。脱着速度。昇順段階によって続かれて、昆虫によって押される上方湾曲した水面の毛管力最大の速度に到達するまで。最終的な撤退の段階で、アメンボは、水面からの脱却まで慣性で上昇し続けているが、付着力により速度を大幅に軽減、水でのエネルギー消費量に関するプリンシパルの影響がある、アメンボ。したがって、撤退の段階で別の離陸速度で接着力を測定し、高速移動の特徴を説明するこのプロトコルを提案する.
ときに水面から推進あめんぼ類の付着力を探検する多くの研究をされています。リー & キム、理論的・実験的確認必要な接着力とエネルギーの接触角度が 160 度17に増加したときに劇的に減少したアメンボの足を持ち上げること。パン ジェン魏はその重量18の 1/5 に発見された TriboScope システムによって粘着力を測定する水圧実験を設計されています。Kehchih 黄は 2 D モデルが付いている水からデタッチと脚の多次元センサーデー接着力とエネルギー散逸19を減らすに重要な役割を発見足の準静的過程を分析しました。ただし、前の研究で凝着力の計測は高速ジャンプ中接着力変化を監視できなかった準静的プロセスの状態にだけあった。
本研究では、ポリフッ化ビニリデン (PVDF) 膜センサーおよび他の補助器具を使用して動的な力計測システムを設計されています。他の圧電材料と比較して、PVDF より高い感度20,21,22動的マイクロカを測定に最適です。PVDF 膜センサーをシステムに統合することによってリアルタイム付着力検出でき水表面23,24,25脚引いていた時に処理されます。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:559px;" width="559">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:87px;">PVDF film sensor</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">TE Connectivity</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">DT1-028K/L</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The PVDF film sensor is used to sense the dynamic contact force .</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Charge amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Wuxi Shiao Technology co.,Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">YE5852B</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The charge amplifier&#160;is an electronic current integrator that produces a voltage output proportional to the integrated value of the input</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Data acquisition device</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">USB-4431</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The data acquisition device is used to read the voltage data.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Displacement stage</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">ZOLIXINSTRUMENTS CO.LTD</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">KSAV1010-ZF</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">KSAV1010/2030-ZF is a wedge vertical stage with high-resolution, high-stability and high-load.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Shenzhen Andonstar Tech Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">digital microscope A1</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Frame rate: 30 frames/sec;Focal distance: 5mm - 30mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:87px;">Computer</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Lenovo</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">G480</td>
			<td style="width:275px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:33px;width:87px;">Servomotor</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">EMAX US Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">ES08MD</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">It&#39;s not bad this servo with speed varying from 0.10 sec/60&#176; / 4.8v to 0.08 sec/60&#176;/6.0v.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Mechanical Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Dragon Laboratory Instruments Limited</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">YE5K693181</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The pipettes cover volume range of 0.1 &#956;l to 2.5 &#956;l</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measurement of dynamic force acted on water strider leg jumping upward by the pvdf film sensor

本研究の目的説明したい現象の自然の中、アメンボ通常ジャンプ、または簡単に、すぐに水面を滑る、そのピークの移動で到達 150 cm/s の速度。まず、微細構造と階層の走査型電子顕微鏡を用いたアメンボの足を見ました。足の観察された形態に基づくエネルギー削減の面で楽水表面上でスライドするアメンボの機能を説明する水面から剥離の理論モデルは設立されました。第二に、全体の相互作用のプロセスを検出できる優れた感度と PVDF フィルム センサーを用いた力計測システムが考案されました。その後、水と接触して単一の足が異なる速度で上方に引っ張られ、同時に粘着力を測定しました。出発の実験の結果は、アメンボの高速ジャンプの深い理解を提案しました。

ストローク速度と接着力との関係を表 1に示します。昇降速度が 0.01 m/s から 0.3 m/s に向上、接着力 0.03 0.10 から劇的に、水表面および足の減少。出発の実験の結果、凝着力のピークが、アメンボが水面にすばやく移動する場合快適に感じるかもしれないことを示される昇降速度の増加として劇的に 。
本稿で水...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor at JoVE.com

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

PVDF 膜センサーによる上方ジャンプ アメンボの脚に行動力の測定

ここのプロトコルは無料調査と水面にアメンボの速い工作専用です。プロトコルには、足の微細構造を観察し、異なる速度で水面からの出発時に接着力を測定が含まれています。

This study aimed to make an explanation for the phenomenon in nature that water strider usually jumps or glides on the water surface easily but quickly, ...

measurement-dynamic-force-acted-on-water-strider-leg-jumping-upward

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

5.9K ビュー.  Tianjin University. ここのプロトコルは無料調査と水面にアメンボの速い工作専用です。プロトコルには、足の微細構造を観察し、異なる速度で水面からの出発時に接着力を測定が含まれています。

ビデオ: Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Horizontal and vertical liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields (8-20 kV/cm) and polar dielectric liquids. These bridges are unique from capillary bridges in that they exhibit extensibility beyond a few millimeters, have complex bi-directional mass transfer patterns, and emit non-Planck infrared radiation. A number of common solvents can form such bridges as well as low conductivity solutions and colloidal suspensions. The macroscopic behavior is governed by electrohydrodynamics and provides a means of studying fluid flow phenomena without the presence of rigid walls. Prior to the onset of a liquid bridge several important phenomena can be observed including advancing meniscus height (electrowetting), bulk fluid circulation (the Sumoto effect), and the ejection of charged droplets (electrospray). The interaction between surface, polarization, and displacement forces can be directly examined by varying applied voltage and bridge length. The electric field, assisted by gravity, stabilizes the liquid bridge against Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities. Construction of basic apparatus for both vertical and horizontal orientation along with operational examples, including thermographic images, for three liquids (e.g., water, DMSO, and glycerol) is presented.

Horizontal and vertical electrohydrodynamic liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields and polar dielectric liquids. The construction of basic apparatus and operational examples, including thermographic images, for three liquids (e.g., water, DMSO, and glycerol) is presented.

ポーラー液体誘電体から電気流体橋の調製

Horizontal and vertical liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields (8-20 kV/cm) and ...

工学

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Atomic force spectroscopy is an ideal tool to study molecules at surfaces and interfaces. An experimental protocol to couple a large variety of single molecules covalently onto an AFM tip is presented. At the same time the AFM tip is passivated to prevent unspecific interactions between the tip and the substrate, which is a prerequisite to study single molecules attached to the AFM tip. Analyses to determine the adhesion force, the adhesion length, and the free energy of these molecules on solid surfaces and bio-interfaces are shortly presented and external references for further reading are provided. Example molecules are the poly(amino acid) polytyrosine, the graft polymer PI-g-PS and the phospholipid POPE (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine). These molecules are desorbed from different surfaces like CH3-SAMs, hydrogen terminated diamond and supported lipid bilayers under various solvent conditions. Finally, the advantages of force spectroscopic single molecule experiments are discussed including means to decide if truly a single molecule has been studied in the experiment.

A protocol to couple a large variety of single molecules covalently onto an AFM tip is presented. Procedures and examples to determine the adhesion force and free energy of these molecules on solid supports and bio-interfaces are provided.

原子間力分光法による単一分子の接着性を調査

Atomic force spectroscopy is an ideal tool to study molecules at surfaces and interfaces. An experimental protocol to couple a large variety of single ...

How to Build a Vacuum Spring-transport Package for Spinning Rotor Gauges

The spinning rotor gauge (SRG) is a high-vacuum gauge often used as a secondary or transfer standard for vacuum pressures in the range of 1.0 x 10-4 Pa to 1.0 Pa. In this application, the SRGs are frequently transported to laboratories for calibration. Events can occur during transportation that change the rotor surface conditions, thus changing the calibration factor. To assure calibration stability, a spring-transport mechanism is often used to immobilize the rotor and keep it under vacuum during transport. It is also important to transport the spring-transport mechanism using packaging designed to minimize the risk of damage during shipping. In this manuscript, a detailed description is given on how to build a robust spring-transport mechanism and shipping container. Together these form a spring-transport package. The spring-transport package design was tested using drop-tests and the performance was found to be excellent. The present spring-transport mechanism design keeps the rotor immobilized when experiencing shocks of several hundred g (g = 9.8 m/sec2 and is the acceleration due to gravity), while the shipping container assures that the mechanism will not experience shocks greater than about 100 g during common shipping mishaps (as defined by industry standards).

Here we describe how to build a robust spring-transport mechanism for a spinning rotor gauge. This device securely immobilizes the rotor and keeps it under vacuum during transportation. We also describe packaging that minimizes the risk of damage during transport. Tests show our design works for typical shocks during transport.

どのようにローターゲージをスピニングするための真空春輸送パッケージをビルドするには

The spinning rotor gauge (SRG) is a high-vacuum gauge often used as a secondary or transfer standard for vacuum pressures in the range of 1.0 x 10-4 Pa to ...

Quantitative Hardness Measurement by Instrumented AFM-indentation

In this work, a combination of amplitude-modulated non-contact atomic force microscopy and atomic force spectroscopy is applied for instrumented hardness measurements on an Au(111) surface with atomistic resolution of single plasticity events. A careful experimental procedure is described that includes the force sensor selection, its calibration, the calibration of the cantilever deflection detection system, and the minimization of instrumental drift for accurate and reproducible force-distance measurements. Also, a method for the data analysis is presented that allows the extraction of force-penetration curves from recorded force-distance curves. A typical curve displays a clear elastic deformation regime up to the first plasticity event, or pop-in, with a length in the range of one to two Burger's vectors. Later plasticity events exhibit the same magnitude. The work of plasticity is further extracted from the measurements. Finally, the hardness is determined in combination with the indentation curve using non-contact atomic force microscopy images of the remaining indents.

This experimental protocol describes how atomic force microscopy can be used to measure hardness at the true nanometer scale and to detect single atomistic plasticity events.

計装AFMインデンテーションによる定量硬度測定

In this work, a combination of amplitude-modulated non-contact atomic force microscopy and atomic force spectroscopy is applied for instrumented hardness ...

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly scattered dielectric microparticles adhered to a glass substrate are momentarily detached using ultrasonic vibrations generated by a piezoelectric transducer (PZT). Then, the optical beam focused on a selected particle lifts it up to the optical trap while the vibrationally excited microparticles fall back to the substrate. A particle may be trapped at the nominal focus of the trapping beam or at a position above the focus (referred to here as the levitation position) where gravity provides the restoring force. After the measurement, the trapped particle can be placed at a desired position on the substrate in a controlled manner. 
In this protocol, an experimental procedure for selective optical trap loading in air is outlined. First, the experimental setup is briefly introduced. Second, the design and fabrication of a PZT holder and a sample enclosure are illustrated in detail. The optical trap loading of a selected microparticle is then demonstrated with step-by-step instructions including sample preparation, launching into the trap, and use of electrostatic force to excite particle motion in the trap and measure charge. Finally, we present recorded particle trajectories of Brownian and ballistic motions of a trapped microparticle in air. These trajectories can be used to measure stiffness or to verify optical alignment through time domain and frequency domain analysis. Selective trap loading enables optical tweezers to track a particle and its changes over repeated trap loadings in a reversible manner, thereby enabling studies of particle-surface interaction.

A protocol for launching and stably trapping selected dielectric microparticles in air is presented.

空気中の誘電体微粒子の光学トラップのロード

We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly ...

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum information processing circuits, including photon sources, qubit manipulation, and integrated single-photon detectors. Here, we present the key aspects of preparing and testing a silicon photonic quantum chip with an integrated photon source and two-photon interferometer. The most important aspect of an integrated quantum circuit is minimizing loss so that all of the generated photons are detected with the highest possible fidelity. Here, we describe how to perform low-loss edge coupling by using an ultra-high numerical aperture fiber to closely match the mode of the silicon waveguides. By using an optimized fusion splicing recipe, the UHNA fiber is seamlessly interfaced with a standard single-mode fiber. This low-loss coupling allows the measurement of high-fidelity photon production in an integrated silicon ring resonator and the subsequent two-photon interference of the produced photons in a closely integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This paper describes the essential procedures for the preparation and characterization of high-performance and scalable silicon quantum photonic circuits.

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum systems. Presented here is a method for preparing and testing a silicon photonic chip for quantum measurements.

シリコンリング共振器光子源における量子干渉の測定

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum information processing circuits, including photon sources, qubit ...

Generation of Size-controlled Poly (ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Uniform and size-controllable poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) droplets could be produced via the flow focusing process in a microfluidic device. This paper proposes a semi-three-dimensional (semi-3D) flow-focusing microfluidic chip for droplet formation. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip was fabricated using the multi-layer soft lithography method. Hexadecane containing surfactant was used as the continuous phase, and PEGDA with the ultraviolet (UV) photo-initiator was the dispersed phase. Surfactants allowed the local surface tension to drop and formed a more cusped tip which promoted breaking into tiny micro-droplets. As the pressure of dispersed phase was constant, the size of droplets became smaller with increasing continuous phase pressure before dispersed phase flow was broken off. As a result, droplets with size variation from 1 &#181;m to 80 &#181;m in diameter could be selectively achieved by changing the pressure ratio in two inlet channels, and the average coefficient of variation was estimated to be below 7%. Furthermore, droplets could turn into micro-beads by UV exposure for photo-polymerization. Conjugating biomolecules on such micro-beads surface have many potential applications in the fields of biology and chemistry.

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Here, we present a protocol to illustrate the fabrication processes and verifying experiments of a semi-three-dimensional (semi-3D) flow-focusing microfluidic chip for droplet formation.

サイズ制御されたポリ (エチレング リコール) レート液滴を介して半 3 次元流れ焦点マイクロ流体デバイスの生成

Uniform and size-controllable poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) droplets could be produced via the flow focusing process in a microfluidic device. ...

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

A technique to measure the temperature of water and non-turbid aqueous media surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented. This technique utilizes wavelengths of 1150 and 1412 nm, at which the absorption coefficient of water is dependent on temperature. Water or a non-turbid aqueous gel containing a 2.0-mm- or 0.5-mm-diameter magnetic sphere is irradiated with 1150 nm or 1412 nm incident light, as selected using a narrow bandpass filter; additionally, two-dimensional absorbance images, which are the transverse projections of the absorption coefficient, are acquired via a near-infrared camera. When the three-dimensional distributions of temperature can be assumed to be spherically symmetric, they are estimated by applying inverse Abel transforms to the absorbance profiles. The temperatures were observed to consistently change according to time and the induction heating power.

A technique utilizing wavelengths of 1150 and 1412 nm to measure the temperature of water surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented.

誘導加熱の小さな磁気圏を取り巻く水の近赤外温度計測

A technique to measure the temperature of water and non-turbid aqueous media surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented. This ...

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, but several challenging points remain, such as a low absorption efficiency due to a thin active layer and low flexibility. We present an advanced method to fabricate a flexible phototransistor array with an improved electrical performance. The outstanding electrical performance is driven by a low dark current owing to deep impurity doping. Stretchable and flexible metal interconnectors simultaneously offer electrical and mechanical stabilities in a highly deformed state. The protocol explicitly describes the fabrication process of the phototransistor using a thin silicon membrane. By measuring I-V characteristics of the completed device in deformed states, we demonstrate that this approach improves the mechanical and electrical stabilities of the phototransistor array. We expect that this approach to a flexible phototransistor can be widely used for the applications of not only next-generation imaging systems/optoelectronics but also wearable devices such as tactile/pressure/temperature sensors and health monitors.

We present a detailed method to fabricate a deformable lateral NIPIN phototransistor array for curved image sensors. The phototransistor array with an open mesh form, which is composed of thin silicon islands and stretchable metal interconnectors, provides flexibility and stretchability. The parameter analyzer characterizes the electrical property of the fabricated phototransistor.

横 NIPIN フォト トランジスタを用いた柔軟な画像センサーの作製

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, ...

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

Unlike macroscopic process variables, near-infrared spectroscopy provides process information at the molecular level and can significantly improve the prediction of the components in industrial processes. The ability to record spectra for solid and liquid samples without any pretreatment is advantageous and the method is widely used. However, the disadvantages of analyzing high-dimensional near-infrared spectral data include information redundancy and multicollinearity of the spectral data. Thus, we propose to use partial least squares regression method, which has traditionally been used to reduce the data dimensionality and eliminate the collinearity between the original features. We implement the method for predicting the o-cresol concentration during the production of polyphenylene ether. The proposed approach offers the following advantages over component regression prediction methods: 1) partial least squares regression solves the multicollinearity problem of the independent variables and effectively avoids overfitting, which occurs in a regression analysis due to the high correlation between the independent variables; 2) the use of the near-infrared spectra results in high accuracy because it is a non-destructive and non-polluting method to obtain information at microscopic and molecular scales.

The protocol describes a method of predicting o-cresol concentration during the production of polyphenylene ether using near-infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares regression. To describe the process more clearly and completely, an example of predicting the o-cresol concentration during the production of polyphenylene is used to clarify the steps.

部分最小二乗回帰による近赤外分光法に基づくO-クレゾール濃度オンライン測定

Unlike macroscopic process variables, near-infrared spectroscopy provides process information at the molecular level and can significantly improve the ...

PVDF 膜センサーによる上方ジャンプ アメンボの脚に行動力の測定

PVDF 膜センサーによる上方ジャンプアメンボの脚に行動力の測定