JB, Fen Bilimleri ve Mühendislik Araştırma Kurumu (NSERC) studentships tarafından desteklenmektedir. Bu proje için Destek Hibe MOP-67.066, Kanada Sağlık Araştırma Enstitüsü tarafından sağlanmıştır.

Bu protokol, Lutz ve ark adapte edilmiştir. 1 Hasat ve kemik iliği işleme <ol><li> Tibia ve femur İzolasyon: donör fare Euthanize ve% 70 etanol ile bacaklarda sprey. Künt forseps ile ilk ayak bileği sıkıca kavrayın ve tibia maruz deri ve altta yatan kas kesip başlar. Kemik hasar görmesini önlemek için, tibia, diz eklem sağlam bırakarak yavaş yavaş ve paralel kesmek. Femur temizlemek için, künt forseps tutarak diz eklemi hareketsiz. Kas uzak, keskin bir makas ve kavisli bir forseps bir çift ile temizleyin. Kalça ekleminin maruz kaldığı ve femur başı ve kalça eklemi arasındaki makas konabilir kadar yukarı doğru devam edin. Fosfat içine femur ve kalça eklemi ve yer arasındaki kesim tarafından kemikleri çıkarın buz tamponlu salin (PBS). </li><li> Kemik iliği Temizleme: makas ve kavisli bir forseps kullanarak kemiklerden Temizlik kalan kas. Her kemik epifizleri kesiniz ve merkezi boşluğu bulmak. PBS ile yüklü bir 10 ml şırınga ve 25G0.5 &quot;iğne kullanarak, olmayan bir doku kaplı petri, kemik iliği yıkayın. </li><li> Kemik iliği İşleme: (hareket kazıma, yukarı ve aşağı tuşlarını kullanarak), bir tek hücre süspansiyonu haline kemik iliği ayırmak bir 1ml şırınga pistonu kauçuk sonuna kullanın . Kemik iliği, konik bir şahin tüp içinde toplamak ve rezidüel kemik iliği PBS ile yıkayın. </li></ol> Dendritik hücreler Kültür <ol><li> Bir hemasitometre DC medya ve sayısı DC öncüleri yeniden süspanse hücreleri (Şekil 1). Farklı boyutlarda hücreleri göreceksiniz DC öncüleri en büyük ve en parlak. Ayirt sadece bu hücreleri saymak. Iki femur ve iki tibiaları yabani tip C57BL / 6 fare (eski 6-8 hafta), 25-40 x 10 6 toplam DC öncüleri arasında beklemek gerekir. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/769_2008_6_30_3/article769_figure_1.jpg" alt="" width="218" height="217" /> Şekil 1 </li><li> 2 x 5 10 DC öncüleri / mL, 40 ng / mL rekombinant fare GM-CSF ile desteklenmiş DC medya yoğunluğu Kültür hücreleri . Levha hücreleri, doku kaplı olmayan polistiren petri tabak. </li></ol> Medya (3 gün) Medya yenilemek için 40 ng / ml GM-CSF ile desteklenmiş taze medya toplam hacminin yarısını ekleyin. Bir medya üçüncü (günde 6) ve olgunlaşma değiştirin Medya yenilemek için, medya toplam hacmin üçte biri dikkatlice çıkarın ve kültür 6 gün 40 ng / ml GM-CSF ile desteklenmiş taze DC medya ile bu sesi yerine. İsterseniz, dendritik hücreler sitokinler veya toll-benzeri reseptör ligandlar kullanılarak olgunlaşması için teşvik edilebilir. Video, DC&#39;ler 5 ng / ml CpG gecede stimülasyonu ile olgunlaştı. Dendritik hücreler Harvest DC kültür, komple (Şekil 2). Hücreler, süspansiyon ve gevşek plaka yapıştırılır hem de olacaktır. Yapıştırılabilen hücreleri, doku kültürü kazıyıcı ile çanak kazıma ve PBS ile durulama silinebilir. Hücrelerinin toplam sayısı, hafta süren kültür ve farklılaşma dönemi sırasında 5-8 kat artacak, bu nedenle, 1-1,6 x 10 6 hücre / mL hasat bekliyoruz . <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/769_2008_6_30_5/article769_figure_2.jpg" alt="Şekil 2" width="407" height="358" /> Şekil 2 Reaktifler <ol><li> DC medya <ol><li> RPMI-1640 ile desteklenmiş medya: </li><li> % 10 fetal sığır serumu </li><li> 100 IU / ml penisilin </li><li> 100 mg / ml streptomisin </li><li> % 1 L-glutamin </li><li> 0,1% 2-mercaptoethanol </li><li> 1X non-esansiyel amino asitler </li><li> 1x sodyum piruvat </li></ol></li><li> GM-CSF Rekombinant fare <ol><li> rmGM-CSF (Peprotech inc, New Jersey, katalog no. 315-03) </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Lutz, M. B., Kukutsch, N., Ogilvie, A. L., Rossner, S., Koch, F., Romani, N., Schuler, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+advanced+culture+method+for+generating+large+quantities+of+highly+pure+dendritic+cells+from+mouse+bone+marrow.">An advanced culture method for generating large quantities of highly pure dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow.</a> J. Immunol. Methods. 223, 77-92 (1999).</li><li>Gilboa, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DC-based+cancer+vaccines.">DC-based cancer vaccines.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 117, 1195-1203 (2007).</li></ol>

DC&#39;ler doğal ve adaptif immün etkileşimlerin çalışmalar için yararlı olur ve bir aşı vektörü olarak istihdam edilebilir. Bu video, in vitro olarak izole etmek ve kemik iliği myeloid dendritik hücrelerin ayırt etmek için adımlar göstermiştir. Kültür dönemini takiben, bu hücrelerin mikroskobik hem olarak yapışık genellikle dendritler sahip hücreler, ve yapışmaz yuvarlak hücreler görüntülendi olabilir. DC&#39;lerin antijen ile darbeli antijen sunumu için manipüle veya sitokin üretimi ve sitokinlerin ve /...

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culture of myeloid dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors

Myeloid dendritik hücreler (DC) doğal ve adaptif immün mekanizmaları ve enfeksiyona karşı erken yanıt arasındaki etkileşimleri incelemek için sık sık kullanılır. Bu hücreler sunan en güçlü antijen olduğundan, DC&#39;lere giderek antijen-spesifik immün yanıtlarının indüksiyonu çalışma bir aşı vektörü olarak kullanılan ediliyor. Bu video, biz, bir donör fare tibiaları ve femur hasat, kemik iliği işleme ve in vitro DC&#39;ler ayırt prosedürü göstermektedir. Uyarılmasını takiben DC&#39;ler değişim özellikleri: olgun DC&#39;ler antijen sunumu ve etkileşim CD4 + ve CD8 + T hücreleri yeteneğine ise immatür dendritik hücreler, güçlü fagositlerdir. Bu değişiklik, fonksiyonel aktivite uyarılması ile hücre yüzey belirteçleri ve sitokin üretimi karşılık gelir. Birçok ajanlar olgun DC&#39;ler, sitokinler ve toll-benzeri reseptör ligandlar dahil etmek için kullanılabilir. Bu video, CpG ya da sahte tedavi ile bir gecede uyarılmasını takiben, iki eş-uyarıcı moleküller, CD86 ve CD40, sitokin, IL-12 ekspresyonu akım sitometri karşılaştırmalar göstermektedir. Farklılaşma sonra, DC&#39;ler daha bir aşı vektörü olarak kullanılmak üzere manipüle edilebilir ya da in vitro antijen-spesifik immün yanıt oluşturmak için peptid veya proteinleri kullanarak darbeli, ya da rekombinant viral vektörler kullanılarak transduced.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Culture of myeloid dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors at JoVE.com

Culture of myeloid dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors

Bu video fare kemik iliği myeloid dendritik hücrelerin ayırt etmek için prosedür göstermektedir. İzolasyon fare tibia ve femur, ve kemik iliği işleme göstermiştir. Hücre fenotipi ve CpG IL-12 üretimi takiben olgunlaşma gösteren farklılaşma öncesi ve sonrası hücre morfolojisi gösteren resimler ve rakamlar gösterilmektedir.

Myeloid dendritik hücreler kemik iliği öncüleri Kültür

Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are frequently used to study the interactions between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and the early response to ...

culture-of-myeloid-dendritic-cells-from-bone-marrow-precursors

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

22.4K Görüntüleme.  McMaster University. Bu video fare kemik iliği myeloid dendritik hücrelerin ayırt etmek için prosedür göstermektedir. İzolasyon fare tibia ve femur, ve kemik iliği işleme göstermiştir. Hücre fenotipi ve CpG IL-12 üretimi takiben olgunlaşma gösteren farklılaşma öncesi ve sonrası hücre morfolojisi gösteren resimler ve rakamlar gösterilmektedir.

Video: Culture of myeloid dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors

Human ES cells: Starting Culture from Frozen Cells

Here we demonstrate how our lab begins a HuES human embryonic stem cell line culture from a frozen stock.  First, a one to two day old ten cm plate of  approximately one (to two) million irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder cells is rinsed with HuES media to remove residual serum and cell debris, and then HuES media added and left to equilibrate in the cell culture incubator.  A frozen vial of cells from long term liquid nitrogen storage or a -80C freezer is sourced and quickly submerged in a 37C water bath for quick thawing.  Cells in freezing media are then removed from the vial and placed in a large volume of HuES media.  The large volume of HuES media facilitates removal of excess serum and DMSO, which can cause HuES human embryonic stem cells to differentiate.  Cells are gently spun out of suspension, and then re-suspended in a small volume of fresh HuES media that is then used to seed the MEF plate.  It is considered important to seed the MEF plate by gently adding the HuES cells in a drop wise fashion to evenly disperse them throughout the plate.  The newly established HuES culture plate is returned to the incubator for 48 hrs before media is replaced, then is fed every 24 hours thereafter.

Here we demonstrate how our lab begins a HuES human embryonic stem cell line culture from a frozen stock.

Donmuş Hücreler itibaren Kültür: İnsan Embriyonik kök hücrelerin

Here we demonstrate how our lab begins a HuES human embryonic stem cell line culture from a frozen stock.  First, a one to two day old ten cm plate of  ...

Biyoloji

Culture of Mouse Neural Stem Cell Precursors

Primary neural stem cell cultures are useful for studying the mechanisms underlying central nervous system development. Stem cell research will increase our understanding of the nervous system and may allow us to develop treatments for currently incurable brain diseases and injuries. In addition, stem cells should be used for stem cell research aimed at the detailed study of mechanisms of neural differentiation and transdifferentiation and the genetic and environmental signals that direct the specialization of the cells into particular cell types.  This video demonstrates a technique used to disaggregate cells from the embryonic day 12.5 mouse dorsal forebrain. The dissection procedure includes harvesting E12.5 mouse embryos from the uterus, removing the "skin" with fine dissecting forceps and finally isolating pieces of cerebral cortex. Following the dissection, the tissue is digested and mechanically dissociated. The resuspended dissociated cells are then cultured in "stem cell" media that favors growth of neural stem cells.

This video describes the method used for isolation of neuroprecursors from the developing cortex of embryonic mice. The procedure for removing embryos from the uterus, dissecting the cortical tissue, and digesting the isolated cerebral cortex is shown.

Fare Nöral Kök Hücre Öncüleri Kültür

Primary neural stem cell cultures are useful for studying the mechanisms underlying central nervous system development. Stem cell research will increase ...

Generation of Bone Marrow Derived Murine Dendritic Cells for Use in 2-photon Imaging

Several methods for the preparation of murine dendritic cells can be found in the literature. Here, we present a method that produces greater than 85% CD11c high dendritic cells in culture that home to the draining lymph node after subcutaneous injection and present antigen to antigen specific T cells (see video). Additionally, we use Essen Instruments Incucyte to track dendritic cell maturation, where, at day 10, the morphology of the cultured cells is typical of a mature dendritic cell and &lt;85% of cells are CD11chigh. The study of antigen presentation in peripheral lymph nodes by 2-photon imaging revealed that there are three distinct phases of dendritic cell and T cell interaction1, 2. Phase I consists of brief serial contacts between highly motile antigen specific T cells and antigen carrying dendritic cells1, 2. Phase two is marked by prolonged contacts between antigen-specific T cell and antigen bearing dendritic cells1, 2. Finally, phase III is characterized by T cells detaching from dendritic cells, regaining motility and beginning to divide1, 2. This is one example of the type of antigen-specific interactions that can be analyzed by two-photon imaging of antigen-loaded cell tracker dye-labeled dendritic cells.

Antigen presentation in secondary lymphoid organs by dendritic cells is crucial for the initiation of the T cell mediated adaptive immune response. Here we demonstrate the culture of bone marrow derived murine dendritic cells, activation, and labeling for 2-photon imaging.

Kemik İliği Üretimi 2-foton Görüntüleme Kullanım murin Dendritik Hücreler Türetilmiş

Several methods for the preparation of murine dendritic cells can be found in the literature. Here, we present a method that produces greater than 85% ...

The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser MXcell  electroporation system and Gene Pulser  electroporation buffer were specifically developed to transfect nucleic acids into mammalian cells and difficult-to-transfect cells, such as primary and stem cells.This video demonstrates how to establish primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow, and then prepare them for electroporation in the MXcell system. We begin by isolating femur and tibia. Bone marrow from both femur and tibia are then harvested and cultures are established. Cultured bone marrow cells are then transfected and analyzed.

This procedure describes how to establish primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow and is followed by transfection using the Gene Pulser MXCell electroporation system.

Hazırlık Elektroporasyon murin Kemik İliği itibaren İlköğretim Hematopoetik Hücre Kültürleri

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser ...

Homing of Hematopoietic Cells to the Bone Marrow

Homing is the phenomenon whereby transplanted hematopoietic cells are able to travel to and engraft or establish residence in the bone marrow. Various chemomkines and receptors are involved in the homing of hematopoietic stem cells. [1, 2]
This paper outlines the classic homing protocol used in hematopoietic stem cell studies. In general this involves isolating the cell population whose homing needs to be investigated, staining this population with a dye of interest and injecting these cells into the blood stream of a recipient animal. The recipient animal is then sacrificed at a pre-determined time after injection and the bone marrow evaluated for the percentage or absolute number of cells which are positive for the dye of interest. In one of the most common experimental schemes, the homing efficiency of hematopoietic cells from two genetically distinct animals (a wild type animal and the corresponding knock-out) is compared. This article describes the hematopoietic cell homing protocol in the framework of such as experiment.

This article describes a protocol used to study the homing of hematopoietic cells to their niches in the bone marrow.

Kemik İliği Hematopoetik Hücreler, Homing

Homing is the phenomenon whereby transplanted hematopoietic cells are able to travel to and engraft or establish residence in the bone marrow.  Various ...

Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursors

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant interest in deriving a pure population of lineage-committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for transplantation. OPCs are characterized by the activity of the transcription factor Olig2 and surface expression of a proteoglycan NG2. Using the GFP-Olig2 (G-Olig2) mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) reporter line, we optimized conditions for the differentiation of mESCs into GFP+Olig2+NG2+ OPCs. In our protocol, we first describe the generation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from mESCs. Second, we describe treatment of mESC-derived EBs with small molecules: (1) retinoic acid (RA) and (2) a sonic hedgehog (Shh) agonist purmorphamine (Pur) under defined culture conditions to direct EB differentiation into the oligodendroglial lineage. By this approach, OPCs can be obtained with high efficiency (&gt;80%) in a time period of 30 days. Cells derived from mESCs in this protocol are phenotypically similar to OPCs derived from primary tissue culture. The mESC-derived OPCs do not show the spiking property described for a subpopulation of brain OPCs in situ. To study this electrophysiological property, we describe the generation of spiking mESC-derived OPCs by ectopically expressing NaV1.2 subunit. The spiking and nonspiking cells obtained from this protocol will help advance functional studies on the two subpopulations of OPCs.

We describe a small molecule-based protocol for differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). This protocol generates Olig2+NG2+ OPCs with high efficiency by 30 days of differentiation. We also describe a method to generate "spiking" OPCs that can fire action potentials.

Embriyonik Kök Hücreler farklılaşma oligodendrosit Öncüleri

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the turnover of all mature blood cell lineages. The coordination of the complex signals leading to specific HSC fates relies upon the interaction between HSCs and the intricate bone marrow microenvironment, which is still poorly understood[1-2].
We describe how by combining a newly developed specimen holder for stable animal positioning with multi-step confocal and two-photon in vivo imaging techniques, it is possible to obtain high-resolution 3D stacks containing HSPCs and their surrounding niches and to monitor them over time through multi-point time-lapse imaging. High definition imaging allows detecting ex vivo labeled hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) residing within the bone marrow. Moreover, multi-point time-lapse 3D imaging, obtained with faster acquisition settings, provides accurate information about HSPC movement and the reciprocal interactions between HSPCs and stroma cells.
Tracking of HSPCs in relation to GFP positive osteoblastic cells is shown as an exemplary application of this method. This technique can be utilized to track any appropriately labeled hematopoietic or stromal cell of interest within the mouse calvarium bone marrow space.

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

The nature of the interactions between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and bone marrow niches is poorly understood. Custom hardware modifications and a multi-step acquisition protocol allow the use of two-photon and confocal microscopy to image ex vivo labeled HSPCs homed within bone marrow areas, tracking interactions and movement.

Yetişkin Fare Kalvaryal Kemik İliği içinde Hematopoietik kök hücrelerin Vivo 4-Boyutlu Takip

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells that are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of the bone marrow. Their unique ability to resorb both the organic and inorganic matrices of bone means that they play a key role in regulating skeletal remodeling. Together, osteoblasts and osteoclasts are responsible for the dynamic coupling process that involves both bone resorption and bone formation acting together to maintain the normal skeleton during health and disease.
As the principal bone-resorbing cell in the body, changes in osteoclast differentiation or function can result in profound effects in the body. Diseases associated with altered osteoclast function can range in severity from lethal neonatal disease due to failure to form a marrow space for hematopoiesis, to more commonly observed pathologies such as osteoporosis, in which excessive osteoclastic bone resorption predisposes to fracture formation.
An ability to isolate osteoclasts in high numbers in vitro has allowed for significant advances in the understanding of the bone remodeling cycle and has paved the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies that combat these diseases. 
Here, we describe a protocol to isolate and cultivate osteoclasts from mouse bone marrow that will yield large numbers of osteoclasts.

Osteoclasts are the principal bone-resorbing cell in the body. An ability to isolate osteoclasts in large numbers has resulted in significant advances in the understanding of osteoclast biology. In this protocol, we describe a method for isolation, cultivating and quantifying osteoclast activity in vitro.

Fare Kemik İliği osteoklast türetilmesi

Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells that are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of the bone marrow. Their unique ability to resorb both the ...

Expression of Fluorescent Fusion Proteins in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells and Macrophages

Dendritic cells and macrophages are crucial cells that form the first line of defense against pathogens. They also play important roles in the initiation of an adaptive immune response. Experimental work with these cells is rather challenging. Their abundance in organs and tissues is relatively low. As a result, they cannot be isolated in large numbers. They are also difficult to transfect with cDNA constructs. In the murine model, these problems can be partially overcome by in vitro differentiation from bone marrow progenitors in the presence of M-CSF for macrophages or GM-CSF for dendritic cells. In this way, it is possible to obtain large amounts of these cells from very few animals. Moreover, bone marrow progenitors can be transduced with retroviral vectors carrying cDNA constructs during early stages of cultivation prior to their differentiation into bone marrow derived dendritic cells and macrophages. Thus, retroviral transduction followed by differentiation in vitro can be used to express various cDNA constructs in these cells. The ability to express ectopic proteins substantially extends the range of experiments that can be performed on these cells, including live cell imaging of fluorescent proteins, tandem purifications for interactome analyses, structure-function analyses, monitoring of cellular functions with biosensors and many others. In this article, we describe a detailed protocol for retroviral transduction of murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells and macrophages with vectors coding for fluorescently-tagged proteins. On the example of two adaptor proteins, OPAL1 and PSTPIP2, we demonstrate its practical application in flow cytometry and microscopy. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of this approach.

In this article, we provide a detailed protocol for the expression of fluorescent fusion proteins in murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells and macrophages. The method is based on the transduction of bone marrow progenitors with retroviral constructs followed by differentiation into macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro.

Kemik iliği türevi fare dendritik hücreleri ve makrofajlar floresan Fusion proteinlerin ifade

Dendritic cells and macrophages are crucial cells that form the first line of defense against pathogens. They also play important roles in the initiation ...

Isolation, Purification, and Differentiation of Osteoclast Precursors from Rat Bone Marrow

Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated, and bone-resorbing cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage that are formed by the fusion of monocytes or macrophage precursors. Excessive bone resorption is one the most significant cellular mechanisms leading to osteolytic diseases, including osteoporosis, periodontitis, and periprosthetic osteolysis. The main physiological function of osteoclasts is to absorb both the hydroxyapatite mineral component and the organic matrix of bone, generating the characteristic resorption appearance on the surface of bones. There are relatively few osteoclasts compared to other cells in the body, especially in adult bones. Recent studies have focused on how to obtain more mature osteoclasts in less time, which has always been a problem. Several improvements in the isolation and culture techniques have developed in laboratories in order to obtain more mature osteoclasts. Here, we introduce a method that isolates bone marrow in less time and with less effort compared to the traditional procedure, using a special and simple device. With the use of density gradient centrifugation, we obtain large amounts of fully differentiated osteoclasts from rat bone marrow, which are identified by classical methods.

Osteoclasts are tissue-specific macrophage polykaryons derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage of hematopoietic stem cells. This protocol describes how to isolate bone marrow cells so that large quantities of osteoclasts are obtained while reducing the risk of accidents found in traditional methods.